• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.67-79
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• 2020

This study analyzed the start-up education curriculum and start-up education programs of seven universities in the U.S. to find out what courses are provided, what various programs exist, and what the characteristics of start-up education in each university are. California State University, San Bernardino / University of California, Irvine / Drexel University / Oklahoma State University / Florida State University / San Diego State University / University of Southern California where entrepreneurship education based on the Entrepreneurship Degree Course is being established based on the Entrepreneurship Center of seven universities in the United States, which is not well introduced in Korea. This study examined how the start-up education courses and start-up support systems at seven universities in the U.S. are progressing at the undergraduate, MBA, master's and doctoral levels, and comparative levels. Through the case studies of the universities presented, the primary analysis was carried out to explore the various characteristics of American university start-up education. The implications of start-up education at American universities in this study are as follows. First, in order for universities to take the initiative in providing start-up education, they should be organized to suit the course of start-up education suitable for the characteristics of universities and introduce support programs. Second, it is necessary to establish an independent center within domestic universities to be operated autonomously. Third, the start-up education of universities should include building university-industry partnerships, operating entrepreneurship degree courses and collaboration between departments of universities. Fourth, the independent center should lead the active participation of alumni and local start-ups and start-up-related programs should be operated based on this. Fifth, Differentiated programs for each university's characteristics should be introduced and applied to universities. Although case studies have limitations that cannot be generalized, they can provide a useful framework. Therefore, it is necessary to design a systematic start-up education that reflects the correct design direction and characteristics of each university.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.581-586
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• 2020

In this study, we investigated the illegal hazardous compounds in dietary supplements. We analyzed the contents of anti-obesity drugs, their analogues (orlistat, sibutramine, desmethylsibutramine, didesmethylsibutramine, chlorosibutramine, chlorosipentramine) and three heavy metals (lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As)) in 62 other processed products (n=32), candies (n=7), weight control foods (n=10) and teas (n=13). Anti-obesity drugs or their analogues were not detected in any of the 62 samples. Three heavy metals (Pb, Cd, As) were detected in the range of ND-0.177 mg/kg, 0.002-0.233 mg/kg and 0.001-0.188 mg/kg in teas, ND-0.370 mg/kg, 0.003-0.057 mg/kg and 0.007-0.120 mg/kg in candies, ND-0.055 mg/kg, 0.012-0.045 mg/kg and 0.010-0.163 mg/kg in weight control foods, respectively. Heavy metals (Pb, Cd, As) were detected in the range of ND-2.324 mg/kg, 0.004-0.936 mg/kg and 0.003-21.247 mg/kg in other processed products that are not regulated by specification standards according to food types. These results show that regulations of heavy metals is required in other processed products for genuine food safety.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.101-127
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to design and develop a teaching-learning process plan for process-based assessment, focusing on the unit related to life design in middle school home economics(HE: Home Economics part of 「Technology and Home Economics」), to propose a feedback plan after implementing it, and to evaluate the plan through participatory observation and interviews. The student reflection journals, teacher's class journals, participatory observation journals, interviews, and performance tasks, were collected and analyzed to provide foundational date to be utilized for feedback to students, and class improvement. The research results are as follows: First, the developed teaching-learning process plan consists of a total of 8 sessions, i.e. 2 sessions for each of the four learning themes, under the practical question of "What should I do to live the life I want?" The portfolio was composed of five evaluation topics and for evaluation, oral presentation, observational evaluation, self-assessment, and peer evaluation were considered. Second, during the class, feedback from teachers, feedback from fellow students, feedback through results, and a plan to record them were provided. Third, from the analysis of collected data including observation journals and interviews, it was apparent that the students recognized the necessity of process-based assessment after the class, and students acknowledged that through the process-based evaluation in which they are evaluated on the efforts they made and provided with feedbacks, they participated more in class, and it lead them to experience a sense of growth and a feeling that they took a step forward into their future. Teachers suggested that the class through feedback was suitable for the unit and the capacity of the class, but the difficulty they experienced in giving feedback was presented as a disadvantage. For the process-based assessment, follow-up research is needed on various ways to provide feedback on-line and off-line through changes in the perception of assessment.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.220-232
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of the old people's self-efficacy on the quality of life. In other words, the impact of old people's self-efficacy on self-respect, old people's self-efficacy on quality of life, and old people's self-respect on quality of life were analyzed in depth. In particular, it was intended to use the recently emphasized variables of self-respect to verify the mediated effects of self-respect in the relationship between self-efficacy and flesh quality, suggesting ways to lead a happy life by improving the psychological satisfaction and quality of life through the participation of the elderly in sports-for-all. To achieve this purpose, 297 people aged 60 or older who participated in the sports-for-all program conducted by the city and district offices in Seoul for five months from May 1 to September 30, 2018 or who used public sports facilities such as parks and playgrounds were analyzed as subjects for research. The findings are as follows. First, the "self-efficacy" of the elderly participating in the sports-for-all has been shown to affect "self-respect." Second, the "self-efficacy" of the elderly participating in the sports-for-all has been shown to affect the "quality of life." Third, it has been shown that the "self-respect" of the elderly participating in sports for all affects the quality of life. Fourth, the "self-esteem" of the elderly participating in sports for all occurred in the relationship between self-efficacy and quality of life. The implications of this study are that the self-efficacy of the elderly participating in sports for daily life has been identified by using the parameters of self-respect. Through this, it was provided as empirical basic data to establish welfare policies for senior citizens to improve the quality of life of senior citizens by identifying their self-efficacy, self-respect, and quality of life.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.603-614
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• 2021

Recently, the surface temperature in the seas around Korea has been continuously rising. This temperature rise causes changes in fishery resources and affects leisure activities such as fishing. In particular, high temperatures lead to the occurrence of red tides, causing severe damage to ocean industries such as aquaculture. Meanwhile, changes in sea temperature are closely related to military operation to detect submarines. This is because the degree of diffraction, refraction, or reflection of sound waves used to detect submarines varies depending on the ocean mixed layer. Currently, research on the prediction of changes in sea water temperature is being actively conducted. However, existing research is focused on predicting only the surface temperature of the ocean, so it is difficult to identify fishery resources according to depth and apply them to military operations such as submarine detection. Therefore, in this study, we predicted the temperature of the ocean mixed layer at a depth of 38m by using temperature data for each water depth in the upper mixed layer and meteorological data such as temperature, atmospheric pressure, and sunlight that are related to the surface temperature. The data used are meteorological data and sea temperature data by water depth observed from 2016 to 2020 at the IEODO Ocean Research Station. In order to increase the accuracy and efficiency of prediction, LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory), which is known to be suitable for time series data among deep learning techniques, was used. As a result of the experiment, in the daily prediction, the RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) of the model using temperature, atmospheric pressure, and sunlight data together was 0.473. On the other hand, the RMSE of the model using only the surface temperature was 0.631. These results confirm that the model using meteorological data together shows better performance in predicting the temperature of the upper ocean mixed layer.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.147-156
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to review various grounds and plans for the establishment of a convergence major in lifelong education for the disabled based on Daegu University, which establishes its status and identity as a base university for education and welfare for the disabled. Lifelong education for the disabled reflects the specificity of disability in common because it targets disabled learners, but since it constitutes two perspectives and characteristics of education and welfare, access to interdisciplinary convergence research in disabled-related fields is important. In the above dimension, Daegu University has an appropriate foundation to lead lifelong education for the disabled in Korea through various academic and practice-based infrastructures, and has sufficient leadership to improve the practical limitations of the lifelong education support system for the disabled. Accordingly, this study presented measures and related grounds to reflect lifelong education for the disabled in order to establish an interdisciplinary convergence major at Daegu University through literature review and expert advice. It was emphasized that lifelong education for the disabled, viewed as a new interdisciplinary convergence major, should be activated through professional competencies commonly accessible to the three fields rather than applied from a priority perspective between special education, rehabilitation science, and social welfare. As a result of the study, it was suggested that Korea, which failed to establish a lifelong education support system for the disabled, should gradually spread and spread to other universities starting with Daegu University's application model and plan. In addition, the necessity of systematically establishing a qualification development path for lifelong education professionals for the disabled through agreement between the three fields was also suggested.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.217-224
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the porosity of resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI) by different mixing methods. Materials and Methods: Five specimens were prepared for each groups according to capsules and mixing methods. Two RMGI capsule and two mixing machines were used for this study. One resin-modified glass ionomer cement is Fuji II LC (F2LC) and the other is Photac Fil Quick Aplicap (PFQ). For Mixing of RMGI capsule, Rotomix using rotating motion and CM-II using shaking motion were used. After measuring height, radius and mass of specimens, Density was calculated. And porosity was measured using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). All data were statistically analyzed using T-test, two-way ANOVA to compare between groups at 95% significance level to evaluate the affect of capsule and mixing method on the porosity. Results: The porosity was observed in all specimens generally. And there is significant differece between porosities according to RMGI capsule and Mixing method. The porosity of PFQ was lower than that of F2LC and the porosity of Rotomix was lower than that of CM-II. Conclusion: There was a difference of porosity according to kind of capsules and mixing methods. When using same capsule, less porosity was observed on PFQ than F2LC. When using same mixing mehod, less porosity was observed on Rotomix than CM-II. Using mixing machine of same coporation as that of RMGI capsule did not lead to lower porosity. Therefore, Selecting optimal mixing machine is important.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.39
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• pp.215-247
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• 2021

In Buddhism, there are specific terms related to miracles and miraculous acts such as the Sanskrit term, abhijñā, which was translated as into Chinese characters as shintong (神通). This term implies the six supranormal powers. It originally meant 'direct knowledge,' 'high knowledge,' or 'knowledge beyond the common senses,' which was understood as a superhuman and transcendental ability possessed by Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, and noblemen. However, this took on different meanings and morphed into different terms later in India and China. This article analyzes the subject, object, type, and purpose of these shintong, focusing on the Sutra for the Householder Kaivarti (堅固經, Gyeonggo-gyeong, Kaivarti-sūtra) from the Longer Discourses (長阿含經, Jang-Ahamgyeong, Dīrghâgama) and exemplary Buddhist texts such as the Sanskrit, In Praise of the Acts of the Buddha (佛所行讚, Bulsohaengchan, Buddhacaritam) and the Chinese Records of Eminent Monks (高僧傳, goseungjeon) and Continued Records of Eminent Monks (續高僧傳, Sok-goseungjeon). The historical evolution and changes to the meaning of Shintong in Indian and Chinese contexts can be observed through these texts. In the Sutra for the Householder Kaivarti, the Buddha said that there are three kinds of Shintong: supranormal footedness (神足, shinjok, ṛddhi-pāda), mindreading (觀察他心, gwanchaltashim, anya-mano-jñāna), and education (敎誡, gyogye, anuśāsana). Among them, supranormal footedness (multiplying one's body, teleportation, flying, walking on water, etc.) and mindreading were denied because, at that time, claims of this nature were used to appeal to people's emotions and inspire sincerity, but this was of no use in conveying the Buddha's teaching. On the other hand, education, acquired only with through enlightenment, was sanctioned as a shintong unique to Buddhism. However, in In Praise of the Acts of the Buddha, supranormal footedness and mindreading were described as important ways to lead people to enlightenment, while education pertained to the whole of spiritual work. In China, Buddhism was a foreign religion at first, and it urgently sought to be accepted. After the increase of its religious influence, introspection on discipline and practice was meant to firmly deepen its roots. In line with this, shintong and miracles were transformed and expanded to suit the Chinese cultural context. Such changes in Buddhist history are well illustrated by the shini (神異, miraculous powers) described in Records of Eminent Monks and the gamtong (感通, penetration of sensitivity) detailed in Continued Records of Eminent Monks. In Records of Eminent Monks, the subject of shini was that of eminent monks and its objects were those who did not know of Buddhism or believe in it. In Continued Records of Eminent Monks, however, the monks themselves could be objects of shini. The change of object suggests that the purpose had shifted from edification to awareness and self-reflection. Shini focused on edification, whereas gamtong re-emphasized the importance of the pure discipline and practice of monks during the 6^th and 7^th centuries when China became predominantly Buddhist.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.257-276
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• 2022

Studies on rare and endemic plant conservation should be performed nationally to conserve plant diversity. Studies targeting a specific taxon have been reported based on the necessity of conserving plant diversity. From this point of view, there is an increasing necessity to compare and evaluate the studies for conservation. Moreover, it is necessary to analyze and review the direction for study subjects and items required for effective conservation of rare and endemic plants in Korea, based on the analysis results of collected data. We analyzed trends of studies on rare and endemic plants worldwide. In particular, we collected and analyzed the study trend in Korea. Study fields of the rare and endemic plants were divided into six classifications, of which the conservation ecology classification was sub-divided into the species traits, population study, and biological interaction. We have collected conservation ecology studies showing significant differences in regions and countries. They have been actively conducted in Europe and North America by region and in Japan and the United States by country. On the contrary, studies on basic ecology accounted for the most, followed by conservation genetics and restoration ecology in Korea. It was revealed that the portion of conservation ecology conducted in Korea was lower than that of the world. Moreover, studies mainly focused on a specific taxon of rare and endemic plants, such as endangered plants designated by the Korean Ministry of Environment. Particularly in Korea, conservation genetics and restoration ecology studies accounted for high percentages. Considering the worldwide study trends, particularly those in Europe and North America that lead the study of conservation ecology, we suggest approaches to increase the percentages of conservation ecology, including securing the information on species traits, population structure and population dynamics, and interaction between animals and plants are necessary for effective conservation of rare and endemic plants in Korea.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.35
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• pp.109-145
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• 2020

Jeungsan, Kang Il-Sun (hereafter, Jeungsan)'s perspective on divine beings can be characterized by the philosophical notion of divinity, which recognizes a variety of divine entities. Jeungsan insisted that all things embrace divine entities. Furthermore, he claimed that the backgrounds of all incidents were influenced by these gods. Jeungsan thought that the universe consists of the heavenly realm, the earthly realm and the underground realm. He insisted that there were many gods in each realm. And Jeungsan defined his times as the era of divine beings, which meant that the age was a time for divine beings to actively interact with one another and take the lead in world affairs. Divine beings were briskly involved in human affairs and could either reciprocate gratitude or attain revenge. They were also divine beings that could change the acts and perception of humans as well as judge human acts. However, Jeungsan predicted that by the time the paradisiacal land of immortals was established in the Later World, divine beings would instead run errands for humans. In addition, he forecast that divine beings would be entities likely to harbor grievances just like humans, yet they would ultimately become perfected beings in the Later World. Jeungsan further suggested a multitude of various concepts such as the mutual relationship wherein the realm of divine beings and the realm of humanity interrelate with each other, the mutual responses and functions between them, mutual itineration, co-existence, and the homogeneity of divine beings and humans, which described how both have the same innate characteristics. Jeungsan proposed the concept that 'Divinity is an existential state experienced after one's death." In this regard, he is the one who formulated a new perspective of divinity. Moreover, Jeunsan stressed the immortality of humans (continuity or eternality) and the co-existence of divine beings and humans. He emphasized that divinity is intrinsically immanent and the realm of divine beings has a hierarchical system that maintains order and is akin to that of the human realm. Jeungsan recognized a revolutionary change and perspective based on humanity by suggesting a unique view of humanity. In other words, he was a religious figure who introduced an ingenious view of divinity and dramatically transformed this pattern of reasoning. In conclusion, Jeungsan re-interpreted traditional views of divinity in Korea and systemized them into a new concept of divinity in an ingenious way.