• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.539-547
• /
• 2016

Automated guided vehicles (AGVs) are widely used in industry. Several types of vision-based AGVs have been studied in order to reduce cost of infrastructure building at floor of workspace and to increase flexibility of changing the navigation path layout. A practical vision-based guideline tracing method is proposed in this paper. A virtual tracing wheel is introduced and adopted in this method, which enables a vision-based AGV to trace a guideline in diverse ways. This method is also useful for preventing damage of the guideline by enforcing the real steering wheel of the AGV not to move on the guideline. Usefulness of the virtual tracing wheel is analyzed through computer simulations. Several navigation tests with a commercial AGV were also performed on a usual guideline layout and we confirmed that the virtual tracing wheel based tracing method could work practically well.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.83-100
• /
• 1999

As disposal packaging concepts of spent fuels generated from the domestic NPP, two types, one is to package PWR and CANDU spent fuels in different containers and the other is to package them together, were proposed. The configuration of the containers and the layout of underground repository, such as the container spacing and the deposition tunnel spacing, were developed. The layout of underground repository satisfies the thermal constraint of the bentonite buffer surrounding disposal container, which should be lower than $100^{\circ}C$ in order to keep the physical and chemical properties of bentonite From the spent fuel packaging concepts and container emplacement methods, seven options were developed. With a typical pair-wise comparison methods, AHP, the most promising disposal concept was selected based on the technology Point of view.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.112-120
• /
• 2005

The object of this study is one of the traditional houses about Siheyuan(courtyard house) which is one of the most remarkable types of dwelling in China. The purpose of this paper is to examine and analyse the formation process of the Siheyuan. Its organizational formation process are based on historical and natural-geographical background. With the passage of time this house developed into one of the Chinese house style. The technique of Siheyuan's spatial composition goes so far back in the New Stone Age. The relics of this are the colony layout, the system of four sides, the layout type of a palace, the picture of lacquered ware, the picture of brick, the earthenware of house type, the painting of cave, the paintings of painters and others.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.75-86
• /
• 1996

This study was surveyed to investigate the condition and satisfaction of foodservice environment. the survey was conducted based on an instrument which was developed by reviewing previous research. The instrument was provided to 57 nutritionists at the elementary schools in Taegu area, and its contents include the standard and relevance of kitchen center, the layout type and the standard of satisfaction for the cooking equipment, washing machine, kitchen table and kitchen facilities. Data obtained from survey were analyzed by SAS. These results show that the combination layout type among four types of cooking center in the arrangement gives the highest standard of satisfaction to nutritionists. The amounts of equipment holding are related to its arrangement in the standard of satisfaction.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.109-116
• /
• 2008

Ground temperature restoration characteristics are the crucial factors to evaluate whether a ground source heat pump system can keep long time steady operation. They are mainly dependent on soil thermal properties, layout of pile group, operation/shutoff ratio, cooling/heating load, thermal imbalance ratio and so on. On the one hand, several types of vertical pile foundation heat exchangers are intercompared to determine the most efficient one by performance test and numerical method. On the other hand, according to the layout of pile group of a practical engineering and running conditions of a GSHP system in Shanghai, the temperature distribution during a period of five years is numerically studied. The numerical results are analyzed and are used to provide some guidance for the design of large-scale GSHP system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.43-54
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was to survey teachers' perception of classroom space utilization through analyzing the physical environment of elementary school classrooms (56 classrooms in 10 schools). Most of the teachers arranged desks in the two person parallel type (sectional layout : standard type) for their classes. Although the number was small, some classrooms used the T type, H type, U type, group type, and the teachers of such cases used these layouts for children's play activities or group learning. Some teachers changed the desk layout depending on the contents of learning or for different atmosphere of class, but about 40% of the teachers used the same classroom layout without any change during a semester. When the teachers' perception of classroom space utilization was examined according to the type and change of desk layout, the quantity and characteristics of posts, the position of posting spaces, and the size of activity spaces in the classroom, most of the teachers tended to be conventional without any characteristic, and only 16% of them were relatively active in utilizing classroom spaces. In addition, teachers of a relatively small class were more active in utilizing classroom spaces. In particular, perception was very low to utilize the classroom as a space for children's life or play activities or various types of learning. These findings suggest that it is necessary to improve teachers' perception of classroom space utilization in the future.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.10 no.6
• /
• pp.127-134
• /
• 2009

This study aims to provide an optimal model for the layout of multiple tower cranes and material stockyards which have multiple candidate positions. In a high-rise building construction, the positional allocation of tower cranes and material stockyard has an effect on the travel time of material hauling. In addition, in case of using multiple tower cranes, specific location of a tower crane allocated to each material determines the efficiency of the works. Current optimal model limited to the optimization of position of single tower crane and material stockyards. This study suggests optimal model both for the positions of multiple tower cranes and material stockyards. Layout of multiple tower cranes requires additional allocation of each crane to each material hauling and control on the minimum distance between tower cranes. This optimization model utilizes genetic algorithm to deal with complex interaction on the candidate positions of multiple tower cranes, material stockyards, and types of materials. In order to identify its utility, case study was performed.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.11-16
• /
• 2005

The recent trends of high-density and high-rise in apartment housing have caused the problems of decrease in ventilation rates and increase of indoor pollutant contaminants. SHS(Sick House Syndrome) has now become a major issue and threats the health of residents. To solve these indoor air problems, increase in ventilation rate is considered as one of the most efficient approach. Thus, the recent housing development is pursuing improvement in the site design and the layout of apartment building blocks to promote natural ventilation is now investigated as one of the fundamental solutions. This study was focused on the air flow characteristics of outdoor environment in an apartment complex to keep the pollutants out of the site. Age of air and pressure difference have been used as indices of the outdoor air quality. Four different types of apartment building layouts have been analyzed by CFD simulation. This study again selected a real apartment housing complex as a case study model. By analyzing the pressure differences between the front and rear of an apartment building block, the ventilation performance in each individual unit was evaluated, and its impact on ventilation performance is investigated by analyzing the stagnant air around the apartment building blocks. During this process, existing patterns of apartment housing layout have been evaluated, and the most appropriate site layout has been chosen to analyze the outdoor airflow patterns. Based on the analysis of airflow patterns of site layout, the possibilities of improving ventilation performance of an individual apartment housing is proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.239-252
• /
• 2023

In this study, bending and compression strength tests were performed to investigate effect of composition of layer layout of Larix cross-laminated timber (CLT) on mechanical properties. The Larix CLT consists of five laminae, and specimens were classified into four types according to grade and composition of layer. The layer's layout were composited as follows 1) cross-laminating layers in major and minor direction (Type A), and 2) cross-laminating external layer in major direction and internal layer applied grade of layer in minor direction (Type B). E12 and E16 were used as grades of lamina for major direction layer of Type A and external layer of Type B according to KS F 3020. In results of the bending test of CLT using same grade layer according to layer composition, the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of Type B was higher than Type A. In case of prediction of bending MOE of Larix CLT, the experimental MOE was higher than 1.00 to 1.09 times for Shear analogy method and 1.14 to 1.25 times for Gamma method. Therefore, it is recommended to predict the bending MOE for Larix CLT by shear analogy method. Compression strength of CLT in accordance with layer composition was measured to be 2% and 9% higher for Type A using E12 and E16 layers than Type B, respectively. In failure mode of Type A, progress direction of failure generated under compression load was confirmed to transfer from major layer to minor layer by rolling shear or bonding line failure due to the middle lamina in major direction.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.206-214
• /
• 2011

The premise of this study is that an ultimate objective in planning an exhibition space is visitors' experiences created by a result of their first-hand experiences and responses within an exhibition space, and this result can be recognized in the visitors' movement. Thus, the exhibition layout that can directly affects viewers' main line of flow and movement patterns was examined vis--vis a mutually complementary relation in a triangular composition with the structure of exhibition space and the exhibition contents. This study, with the subjects of standing exhibit halls of Gwacheon National Science Museum, Daejeon National Science Museum, and Tokyo National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation, analyzed 'the correlation between the configuration of the exhibition area and the visitors' movement. The targeted subjects were analyzed from the perspectives of type of architectural space and organization of the exhibition method, and the purpose of this study was to find a spatial evidence to predict the spectator movement formed within the exhibition halls of science museums. The main indicators used are: Based on the investigation/analysis as described above, the following conclusion could be drawn. Diversity of exhibition environment and spectator movement: besides the two big categories of the types of architectural space and types of exhibition method, the construction of vertical circulation and size and shape of the exhibition space, distribution characteristics of exhibition medium, organization of symbolic space and such other diverse organizations and combinations of exhibition environment are implied to have the capability to alter the scope and degree of predicting spectator movement. As an example, the types of architectural space comprising the wide-area viewing circulation was found to be able to change the system of planar circulation according to the composition of vertical circulation. Along with this, it was implied that the format of architectural space influences the form of the exhibition space, and may also act as a factor directly influencing the diversity and arrangement of the exhibition methods. That is, the spatial elements comprising the exhibition environment acts inter-complexly, and exhibits characteristics of limiting or controlling spectator movement.