• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.301-310
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• 2013

To suggest a standard concerning with the arrangement of bridge equipment, the authors conducted the video observations with 3CCD (charge coupled device) cameras installed on the ceil of the bridge for monitoring the working activities of two bridge teams (the skipper/mate1 and the skipper/mate2) in a Korean coastal large trawler(gross tonnage: 139) for five days from July 30th. 2010 and analyzed of the data. Work elements coded by the work activities were input on the sheet of work analysis by the time unit of 1 sec according to the time occurred. A single work element among the work activities for every 5 minutes was denoted as the number of occurrence. The frequency of equipment usage was limited only in the usage of the equipment. In the case of the navigation and the towing net two ranks were integrated and analyzed. On the other hand, in the case of the casting net and the hauling net, two processes were integrated to as one and then analyzed separately as two ranks. As the results, 15 elements of work was carried out between two bridge teams for the observation; lookout, radar, GPS plotter, fish finder, net monitor, fishing deck, RPM indicator, rudder angle indicator, compass card, for maneuver; steering, ship speed control, trawl winch operation and external communications, paper works and others. It was found that the work load of the skipper per 5 minutes accordance with the navigation, the casting net, the towing net and the hauling net are 20.5 times, 11.9 times, 38.0 times and 9.5 times respectively, the mates are 65.2 times, 66.5 times, 85.7 times and 59.1 times respectively. The radar was shown the highest frequency of the equipment usage and the next was the fish finder, the GPS plotter and the external communications in the case of the navigation. In the case of the towing net the frequency of usage was high the ranking as the radar, the net monitor, the fish finder, the GPS plotter, the steering system and the external communications. In the case of the integrated process both of the casting and hauling net the trawl winch was shown the highest frequency to the skipper and the next was the GPS plotter and the radar, and the steering system was shown the highest frequency to the mate and the next was the radar, the ship speed control system, the GPS plotter, the net monitor and the fish finder.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2006

Mitologia is about visualizing relations of information in user-oriented method. Most information given in life has invisible relations with each other. By analyzing the common characters and relations of information, we can not only measure the importance of the information but also grasp the overall properties of the information. Especially human relations are the major concerns of social network having several visualization methodologies shown by analyzing relations of each individual in society. We applied social network theory to grasp relationships between characters in Greek mythology representing a limited society. But the current tools of social network analysis have limits that they show the information one-sided way because of the ignorance of user-oriented design. Mitologia attempts to suggest the visual structure model more effective and easy to understand in analyzing data. We extracted connections among myth characters by evaluating classes, frequencies of appearance and emotional links they have. And we raised the understanding of users with furnishing the proper interaction to the information. The initial interface offers 4 kinds of indexes helping to access character nodes easily, while zoom-in function can be used for the detailed relations. The Zoom-in is quite different from usual filtering methods. It makes the irrelative information invisible so that users can find out the characters' relation more easily and quickly. This project suggests the layout to show overall information relationships and the appropriate interactions to present detailed information at the same time.

• Archives of design research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.121-130
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• 2000

This study can be expressed by gathered and formed into the exhibition space's structure practical progress/ application. For the one model of fascinating exhibition's space thru inter-space's pertinent adjustment, production between spactator and exhibition constituent on an exhibition story-line, I adjusted the focus to follow mentioned methods systematically for the example; An exhibition space is completed to be very impressive and attractive space by proper adjustment and production of M-M/C interface in exhibition storyline. Quantity space is transfered into quality space through the transmission of an exhibition which can be define as the point of an exhibition structure. And also could de transferd into a bodily sensation space that inherent full of interactive constituent. Changeable exhibition constituents (exhibition item and text) that sporadically expatiated (not trimed, the original form) in the process of an exhibition structure draw much higer quality of the optimal solution in optimize process which is given when aggregate again to contextual flow of synthetic exhibition scenario. Reconstruction of individual exhibition constituents to the new story, that is, transference of exhibition text to exhibition context is inspirit to an exhibition by maximize the exhibition effect in connection can be systematized through carrying out an outcentripetalpart. However, since pattern of an exhibition structure that consequtively meet variety spacetime of an exhibittion environmental can't be exist, this study presents centralizing the exhibition plan of Korea communication pavilion of the annual Expo Comm Wireress Korea, sustained process from design proposal, research and analysis to synthesis, development, transmission and management to an example of an applying crystallization.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.480-507
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• 2019

This paper aims at optimizing the auxiliary ventilation system in large-opening limestone mines with unducted fans. An extensive CFD and also site study were carried out for optimization at the blind entries. The fan location, operating mode, and layout are the parameters for optimization. Since the jet stream discharged from the auxiliary fan is flowing faster than 15 m/s in most of the cases, the stream collides with floor, sides or roof and even with the jet stream generated from the other fan placed upstream. Then, it is likely to lose a large portion of its inertial force and then its ventilation efficiency drops considerably. Therefore, the optimal fan installation interval is defined in this study as an interval that maximizes the uninterrupted flowing distance of the jet stream, while the cross-sectional installation location can be optimized to minimize the energy loss due to possible collision with the entry sides. Consequently, the optimization of the fan location will improve ventilation efficiency and subsequently the energy cost. A number of different three-dimensional computational domains representing a full-scale underground space were developed for the CFD study. The velocity profiles and the CO concentrations were studied to design and optimize the auxiliary ventilation system without duct and at the same time mine site experiments were carried out for comparison purposes. The ultimate goal is to optimize the auxiliary ventilation system without tubing to provide a reliable, low-cost and efficient solution to maintain the clean and safe work environment in local large-opening underground limestone mines.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.123-129
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• 2017

Compton suppression apparatus using the Compton scattering response, by inhibiting part of the spectrum Compton continuum Compton continuum in the area of the peak analysis of the gamma rays that enables a clearer device. In order to find out the geometry structure of high-purity germanium detector(HPGe) -NaI(TI) and to optimize the effect of movement, Monte Carlo simulation was used to grasp the behavioral characteristics of Compton suppression and compare several layout structures. And applied to the cylinder beaker used for the environmental measurement by using the efficiency according to the distance. For the low-energy source such as 81 keV, the Compton continuum is scarcely developed and the suppression effect is also insignificant because the scattering cross-section of the Compton effect is relatively low. In the spectrum for the remaining energy, it can be seen that the Compton continuum part is suppressed in a certain energy range. Compton suppression effect was not significantly different from positional shift. average reduction factor(ARF) value was about 1.08 for 81 keV and about 1.23 for 1332.4keV energy at the highest value. It can be seen that suppression over the Compton continuum region of the energy spectrum is a more appropriate arrangement. Therefore, it can be applied to various environmental sample measurement through optimized structure.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2018

Planning and designing training facilities has been developed from educational facilities, and increasingly diversified society has raised a need for facilities dedicated to training and education in a differentiated space separate from the one for regular works. This particular need of our times has led to the expansion of training facilities nationwide although they have something to be desired when it comes to planning and designing with sustainability associated with the locational characteristics of urban space as well as the unique types of facilities taken into account. Against this backdrop, this study will examined a variety of training facilities that have been established since 2000 through theoretical review and conduct intensive analysis on the characteristics of the planning aspects to suggest their significance and implications and to present the overall meanings and ramifications of planning approaches in consideration of new challenges modern training facilities are faced with, which have been revealed through architectural design competitions in recent years. The relevant implications are as follows. First, one of the locational advantages of training facilities, which is commanding beautiful scenery of the surrounding area, can be considered as intent to stress the aspect of a resort, one of the functions of any training facilities. As this study has demonstrated, many training facilities are located near around a beach or a lake. Second, training facilities can be classified into three different types in terms of their location: urban, suburban and resort and such locational characteristics are directly related to intended programs and differentiated links with target users. Third, the architectural styles of training institutes are differentiated in terms of harmonious arrangement between beautiful natural scenery and buildings in consideration of the layout characteristics of major facilities and the distance of ramps in and out of the facilities along with architectural features, including the transparency of building elevation and the type of slopes of roof structure. Fourth, the individual lodging buildings feature a variety of types depending on the design concept with different roles depending on the directional aspects such as the connection of ramps and the relations with the outside. Fifth, outdoor space plans are differentiated according to the intended purpose of training facilities. When it comes to gym facilities, for example, different outdoor space plans are found to be made depending on the original design concept such as outdoor playground-centered planning or golf facilities.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.141-152
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• 2014

The user interfaces of electronic-book (e-book) readers in the e-book market are highly diverse, and this has led to major usability issues. In this paper, we analyze user preferences in terms of feature-setting options and the use of touchscreen actions in the six most commonly used e-book readers for smartphnoes. We identify alternatives for these features, which can enhance the usability of e-book readers, based on these user preferences. The survey results for the feature-setting options show that it is desirable to support at least eight background colors, as well as the ability to specify the color of the background icons. Adjusting the screen brightness using a setting bar with the support of an auto-brightness option is desirable, as in using +/- buttons to adjust the font size, as well as approximately 10 font faces. We find that it is desirable to support fade, slide, scroll and curl page-turing options, in addition to a simple non-animated page-turning effect, and that page movement should be accomplished using a scroll bar with the support of the page movement features by entering a page number, and by using the table of contents as well as bookmarks. The survey results on the use of touchscreen options indicated that it is useful to be able to configure the screen layout of an e-book reader by dividing it into three areas: left, right, and center. And then, when users briefly touch the left and right areas, it is ideal to move to the previous and subsequent pages, respectively; and when they briefly touch the center region, it is desirable to display a touch feature menu. We believe that the results of this study may provide guidance in the design of user interfaces for e-book readers.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.6A
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• pp.417-424
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• 2011

This study focused on development of 60 m span PSC girder considering not only structural performance, but also economical efficiency and constructability including from the improvement of cross-section to the tendon profiles in sequence. Bulb-T type cross section was derived from optimization and actual possibilities to design a bridge were assessed through cross section evaluation. Tendons were also arranged efficiently so that the girder could resist the service load effectively. After developed girder was applied to a sample bridge, result of finite element analysis proved all load steps were satisfied with the allowable stress. Furthermore, it seemed that sufficient redundancy will be available to design a bridge safely. Based on these, a full-scale 60 m span girder was fabricated and 4 point bending test was performed. An initial crack occurred over twice of the service load in this experiment, which establishes adequate structural performance. 60 m span Half-Decked PSC girder developed in this study has a lower height for the given span which resulted from cross section improvement and efficient tendon layout. This girder also has not only the structural advantage, but also advantages in economical efficiency and constructability.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.49-78
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• 1998

Nowadays, there are increasing demands of golf courses and it is necessary to make more golf courses than the present. To do this, we need to improve the environmental problems with the regional inhabitants, and it is said that the first thing to be considered in developing any golf course in Korea is to preserve the environment. In this context, the purpose of this study is to set forth several design factors to lessen the negative impacts which are accompanied with the development of golf courses. 1. The present conditions of golf courses in Korea Many new golf courses have come into being, particularly since the late 1980s, and now, in the year of 1997, over one hundred of golf courses are doing their business, yet the number of golf course is still less than required. So far, over a half of them have been made in the vicinity of Seoul on account of various reasons, and this has adversely affected on our natural environment. This unreasonable development of golf courses has caused serious water pollution, landslides and the other problems. Also, the topography of Korea is not good for golf courses. Although the demands of golf courses are increasing, the suitable sites for them are very limited, and therefore it is sometimes unavoidable to make golf courses on steep hills. Consequently, in designing golf courses in Korea, the most important thing is the balance between natural environment and artificial environment. 2.Eco-friendly golf course design factors 1) The concept of eco-friendly golf courses Ecologically sustainable and sound golf courses which are made by eco-friendly approaches 2)Basic conditions of eco-friendly golf courses (1)The most suitable sites (2) Conservation of existing ground as much as possible (3)Proper use of agricultural chemicals which have great impacts on the environment (4) Reasonable use of fertilizers (5) Developing a specialized fertilizer only for grass (6) Adaptation of organic agriculture (7) Improvement of grass sorts (8) Establishing reservoirs for purifying the water from golf courses 3) Eco-friendly golf courses (1) Location-Enough area /Gentle slope/Winding ground/Including lakes or streams /Not crossing wind's main direction Facing south or southeast /Suitable soIl for grass /Good drainage /Low level of underground water (2)Course layout and design -Consideration about existing contours as much as possible -Adaptation of Scotish design trend -Various holes' configuration -Consideration toward surrounding landscapes -Reducing grass areas -Giving buffer zones -Adapting computer methods in the process of site analysis and design (3) Eco-friendly considerations in constructing and managing golf courses -Protection of wildlife -Reuse of existing forests and preservation of topsoil -Renovation of old-fashioned courses -Reducing grass areas -Purification of water -Standization of management -Strict regulations against chemicals -Recycling organic materials -Through separation of the water inside golf courses and out of bounds -Getting proper construction works done in a due time 4.Eco-friendly considerations from a viewpoint of cultural environment 1) Well-matched landscape design and events planning 2) Implement of identifications and awarding systerns 3)Acknowledgement of superintendents' qualitications in the maintenance of golf courses 4)Increasing public golf courses and keeping good relationships with the neighbors near golf courses Key words: Pro-environmental development, Golf course.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.42-57
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• 2015

When a customer chooses a coffee shop, different factors can influence his/her purchase. These factors can include tangible as well as intangible elements such as the coffee shop's atmosphere, layout, and interior. Thus, many coffee brands strive to serve not only a diverse menu, but also a unique quality of environment. This study aimed to investigate the influence of physical environment on customer satisfaction and loyalty in the coffee shop and evaluate the influential power of the physical environment factors using hierarchical regression analysis. Data was collected from customers of coffee shops in Texas, the U.S. The study found that the coffee shops' physical environment influenced the customer's satisfaction and loyalty. Particularly, the coffee shop's physical environment including ambient and interior design greatly influenced the customers' satisfaction. However, a broad range of physical environment factors such as temperature, aroma, lighting, color, and interior furnishings should be provided to increase the customer loyalty. The results may have a broader application to provide effective managerial and marketing information to Korean coffee entrepreneur brand in the U.S. and beyond.