• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 2013

Apical surgery cuts off the apical root and the crown-to-root ratio becomes unfavorable. Crown-to-root ratio has been applied to periodontally compromised teeth. Apical root resection is a different matter from periodontal bone loss. The purpose of this paper is to review the validity of crown-to-root ratio in the apically resected teeth. Most roots have conical shape and the root surface area of coronal part is wider than apical part of the same length. Therefore loss of alveolar bone support from apical resection is much less than its linear length.The maximum stress from mastication concentrates on the cervical area and the minimum stress was found on the apical 1/3 area. Therefore apical root resection is not so harmful as periodontal bone loss. Osteotomy for apical resection reduces longitudinal width of the buccal bone and increases the risk of endo-perio communication which leads to failure. Endodontic microsurgery is able to realize 0 degree or shallow bevel and precise length of root resection, and minimize the longitudinal width of osteotomy. The crown-to-root ratio is not valid in evaluating the prosthodontic prognosis of the apically resected teeth. Accurate execution of endodontic microsurgery to preserve the buccal bone is essential to avoid endo-perio communication.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2003

This study purpose is the consideration of the processing evolution historic of the Educational Facilities 20s century at the grand view in the region Ile-de-France. Specially, by thepart of Educational Politic, Urban Geographic and the Urban Planning. This study purpose is to take a data base and study direction on 'A study of the role educational facility in the urban development'. So I was arrived these conclusions, First, the educational politic of the france was aimed for the democratization of the education and the popularization. After execution of the decentralization in the 1986, high school facilities was more popularized. Second, in the view point of the urban geographic, before 1975 years, high school facilities in the region ile-de-france was unbalanced in the situation regional and in the division social on the urban space. But after law of the Decentralization(1986) in the France, by effort of the regional conseil has take the regional balance. Third, high school facility has a potential force as a center of the development of the city. Forth, the facility has a possibility potential for a working of the important role in the urbanization. specially, the movement of population, the augment prix of the terrain, appartement and the division social in the urban space. as element that important relation with a development of the city.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2014.01a
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• pp.9-13
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• 2014

The performance of large scale software applications has been automatically increasing for last few decades under the influence of Moore's law - the number of transistors on a microprocessor roughly doubled every eighteen months. However, on-chip transistors limitations and heating issues led to the emergence of multicore processors. The energy efficient ARM based System-on-Chip (SoC) processors are being considered for future high performance computing systems. In this paper, we present a case study of two widely used parallel programming models i.e. MPI and MapReduce on distributed memory cluster of ARM SoC development boards. The case study application, Black-Scholes option pricing equation, was parallelized and evaluated in terms of power consumption and throughput. The results show that the Hadoop implementation has low instantaneous power consumption that of MPI, but MPI outperforms Hadoop implementation by a factor of 1.46 in terms of total power consumption to execution time ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.45-57
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• 2002

This study aims to suggest the applied zoning system for preventing reckless developments due to individual industrial facility construction. According to the types of reckless developments which has been found in Hwasung, the applied zoning system including 4 kinds of districts can be proposed. Collective Inducement District can be designated to where many industrial facilities have already existed with poor infrastructure, and the other districts such as Residential Area Protection District, Reservoir-Around and Agricultural Area Protection District, or Landscape Protection District may be designated to the sites where reckless developments due to individual industrial facility construction may happen. This zoning system seems to be used as a guideline of new zoning of revised NLUPL(National Land Use and Plan Law) after the execution.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.240-252
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to develop a method for predicting the aerodynamic performance of the low speed airfoils in the 2-dimensional, steady and viscous flow. For this study, the airfoil geometry is specified by adopting the longest chord line system and by considering local surface curvature. In case of the inviscid incompressible flow, the analysis is accomplished by the linearly varying strength vortex panel method and the Karman-Tsien correction law is applied for the inviscid compressible flow analysis. The Goradia integral method is adopted for the boundary layer analysis of the laminar and turbulent flows. Viscous and inviscid solutions are converged by the Lockheed iterative calculating method using the equivalent airfoil geometry. The analysis of the separated flow is performed using the Dvorak and Maskew's method as the basic method. The wake effect is also considered by expressing its geometry using the formula of Summey and Smith when no separation occurs. The computational efficiency is verified by comparing the computational results with experimental data and by the shorter execution time.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2014.04a
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• pp.33-36
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• 2014

최근 스마트폰이나 태블릿 PC 등의 모바일 디바이스가 상용화 되어감에 따라 그 안에서 핵심적인 처리기능을 담당하는 프로세서의 코어 수가 점차적으로 늘어나고 있다. 많은 수의 코어를 효율적으로 사용하기 위해 여러 가지 메커니즘이 구현되어 있으나, 단일 프로세스를 순차적으로 실행하는 경우 여전히 성능에서의 한계가 존재한다. 병렬화 되어 있지 않은 프로세스의 경우, Amdahl's Law[1]에 따르면 순차적으로 실행을 할 수 밖에 없는 부분이 존재하고, 이 부분은 하나의 코어에서만 실행되기 때문에 많은 연산 자원들이 낭비되는 현상이 발생한다. 본 논문은 다중 코어 환경에서 이러한 잉여자원을 효과적으로 사용하기 위해 Back-end Fusion 이라는 구조를 제안하여 프로세서의 성능 향상을 위한 연구를 진행하였다. Back-end Fusion 이란, 연산 처리를 담당하는 back-end 부분(execution unit, writeback 단계 등)을 필요에 따라 코어 간에 동적으로 재구성하여 성능을 향상시키는 메커니즘이다. 이 재구성된 프로세서의 back-end 를 효율적으로 사용하기 위해, 종속성과 로드 밸런스 등을 고려한 인스트럭션 분배 알고리즘을 함께 제안한다. Intel 사의 x86 Instruction Set Architecture(ISA)를 기반으로 한 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 Back-end Fusion 프로세서의 성능을 측정 해 본 결과 기존의 단일 코어 프로세서에 비해 평균 32.2%의 성능 향상을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.265-271
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• 2019

Objectives: The Samsung Ombudsperson Commission was launched as an independent third-party institution following an agreement among Samsung Electronics, Supporters for Health and Right of People in Semiconductor Industry (Banolim in Korean, an independent NGO), and the Family Compensation Committee, in accordance with the industry accident prevention measure required by the settlement committee to address the issues related to employees who allegedly died from leukemia and other diseases as a result of working at Samsung's semiconductor production facilities. Methods: The Commission has carried out a comprehensive range of activities to review and evaluate the status of the company's occupational accidents management system, as well as occupational safety and health risk management within its facilities. Results: Based on the results of this review, termed a comprehensive diagnosis, the Commission presented action plans for improvement to strengthen the company's existing safety and health management system and to effectively address uncertain risks in this area going forward. Conclusions: The Commission will monitor the execution of the suggested tasks and provide advice and guidance to ensure that Samsung's semiconductor and liquid crystal display production lines are safer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.50-59
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• 2022

In the Construction Technology Promotion Act (CTPA) of the Republic of Korea, safety management cost is enforced as a statutory cost that must be included in the budget of construction projects. However, the construction of underground electric power transmission facilities (UEPTFs) is not included in the category of construction works defined in the CTPA. Consequently, the statutory safety management cost does not apply to the construction of UEPTFs. To overcome this limitation, the clients of UEPTF construction projects generally provide internal guidelines enabling the addition of the safety management cost in the project budget. Nevertheless, even after the execution of the internal guidelines, some important cost items are omitted from the budget owing to the incompleteness of the guidelines. In this context, this paper proposes a complete set of accounting items and their calculation methods for appropriate budgeting of the safety management cost of UEPTF construction projects. To this end, the current budgeting method of the safety management cost of UEPTF construction projects is analyzed, and a questionnaire study is performed to confirm the necessary cost items and their appropriate calculation methods. Based on the results of the questionnaire study, a set of accounting items and their calculation criteria for the budgeting of the safety management cost of UEPTF construction projects are proposed.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.103-123
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• 2024

The traumatic experiences of people from peripheral islands are susceptible to mnemocide. Such erasure of memory is facilitated by "defensive and complicit forgetting," which, according to Aleida Assmann, leads to "protection of perpetrators." My paper reflects on the vulnerability of traumas from the islands to mnemocide by looking into [1] the massacre of communists and civilians on Jeju Island, South Korea in 1948 as described in Hyun-Kil Un's short story "Dead Silence" (2017; English trans.) and [2] the eviction of residents and indigenous people from Calauit Island, Philippines for the creation of a safari in 1976 as imagined in Annette A. Ferrer's "Pablo and the Zebra" (2017). In "Dead Silence," I direct the attention to how to the execution of the villagers-witnesses to the death of the communist guerillas-is a three-pronged violence: it is a transgression committed against the innocent civilians; an act of "erasing traces to cover up" the military crackdown on the island; and, by leaving the corpses out in the open, a display of impunity. In "Pablo and the Zebra," I second that both residents (i.e., humans and animals) experience post-traumatic stress because of their respective displacements; thus, the tension between them has got to stop. Curiously, while it concludes with a reconciliatory gesture between an elder and a zebra, no character demanded a reparation for their traumatic past per se. Could the latter be symptomatic of a silence that lets such violence "remain concealed for a long time"?

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.32-41
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• 2009

In the execution of construction management, such pre-design steps as a planning stage, a basic design stage, and a work design stage are regarded as more important than an actual construction stage. However, the manpower input criterion from the aspect of construction management price standard in the Construction Engineering Management Law does not attach weight to the pre-design stage. In this regard, the aim of this study was to examine the propriety of manpower input in the pre-design stage of construction management and then present an improvement strategy of it. For this, the investigator examined the criterion of service price prescribed in the Construction Engineering Management Law and then comparatively analyzed four sites of construction management services. Study findings are as follows: 1) the actual state of manpower input based on the stepwise average price criterion of construction management service is presented with such steps as the newly established planning step (6.6%), the basic design stage (3.9%$\rightarrow$5.6%), the practical design stage(7.6%$\rightarrow$13.5%), the construction stage (88.5%$\rightarrow$64.0%), and the newly established maintenance stage (10.3%). The average price criterion is classified by total construction expenses and calculated by improved rates and stage; and 2) the three-step criterion of the Construction Engineering Management Law is classified into five stages including the planning stage and the maintenance stage by dividing it with the stepwise construction businesses. Study findings show that the calculation of price criterion in the actual site of construction management services must be operated in a practical and flexible manner and the systematic improvement of stepwise manpower input must be carried out actually.