• 음성과학
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.15-30
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• 2001

Lateralization, the change of a coronal nasal into a lateral in an l-n sequence, has been considered to be prosodically unrestricted, e.g. an utterance-span rule, in Korean (Han 1993, Park 1990). However, aerodynamic data of the nasal do not corroborate their claims. In the paper, I look at how lateralization can best be characterized. Specifically, I ask whether its domain is best treated via a syntax-based (Nespor & Vogel 1986, Selkirk 1984) or an intonation-based approach (Pierrehumbert 1980, Jun 1993) to prosodic structure. Based on nasal airflow data as a means of monitoring velum activity coincident with a nasal stop in an l-n sequence, combined with pitch tracks to define an accentual phrase, I argue that lateralization is neither an utterance-span rule nor a syntax-based rule. Sentences recorded with a potential environment for lateralization show that lateralization occurs within an accentural phrase but is blocked between accentual phrase boundaries. When intonation-based and syntax-based models disagree about phrase boundaries, lateralization only occurs where the intonation-based model predicts it will. This indicates that lateralization is best defined as an accentual pheonomenon, being sensitive to the accentual phrase. This finding lends further support to an intonation-based model for Korean prosodic structure (Jun 1993).

• 음성과학
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2008

This paper examined the acoustic differences in English speech production between English native speakers and Korean learners. Korean speakers seem to produce errors by over-applying the Korean phonological rules(nasalization and lateralization) to English speech under the conditions comparable to those of Korean which contain nasal+lateral or lateral+nasal sequences. Being based on this prediction, the experimental data is grouped into three sets, [n]+[l] sequence, [l]+[n]sequence, and [m]+[l] sequence. The result shows that, Korean speakers usually nasalize or lateralize the target words or phrases in every three categories while English natives don't. In set A([n]+[l] sequence), both nasalization and lateralization were found in [n]+[l] sequence, the same circumstances where both nasalization and lateralization can be placed as in Korean. In the case of set B([l]+[n] sequence), only lateralization is observed. It is because the nasalization never occurs in the sequence of l-n in Korean. There is no lateralization in set C([m]+[l] sequence), because only nasalization occurs in the sequence of m-l in Korean. This results reconfirmed that the nasalization and lateralization rules in Korean deeply influence on the English production data. Korean speakers need to be taught not to over-apply Korean phonological rule to English production for accurate pronunciation.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.183-192
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• 2005

This study compared cerebral lateralization index based on the area of neural activation with that based on the intensity of neural activation. For this purpose, 8 right-handed male college students (the mean age - 23.5 years) and 10 right-handed male college students (the mean age - 25.1 years) participated respectively in researches on visuospatial and verbal task brain function. Functional brain images were taken from 3T MRI using the single-shot EPI method. The result of measuring cerebral lateralization index based on the area of neural activation suggested that the right hemisphere is dominant in visuospatial tasks and the left one is in verbal tasks. However, the dominance is not sufficient to locate the exact part of the brain for these tasks. When cerebral lateralization index was computed based on the intensity of neural activation, it was derived that the area of cerebral lateralization closely related to visuospatial tasks is the superior parietal lobe, and the area of cerebral lateralization closely related to verbal tasks is the inferior and middle frontal lobes. Thus, cerebral lateralization index by area based on the intensity of neural activation as proposed by this study can determine the dominance of the cerebrum by area, so is helpful for accurate and quantitative determination of cerebral lateralization.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.284-296
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• 2015

It has been thought that males tend to use their brain hemispheres more laterally than females. However, recent fMRI studies have shown that there may be no difference in brain lateralization between genders. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) presents a unique opportunity to acquire real time measurements of blood oxygenation changes to observe neural activity specific to the brain's left and right hemispheres. Using an in-house built multichannel fNIRS system, brain lateralization was observed from seven males and four females according to specially designed tasks for left and right hemisphere activation. The Pearson correlation coefficient and a modified Lateralization Index metric for continuous wave fNIRS systems were calculated to quantify brain lateralization. The preliminary results point to no significant difference in lateral hemodynamic changes between the genders. However, the correlation of symmetrical channel pairs decreased as the experiments progressed. To further develop this study, the subject's performance and the removal of global interference must be implemented for an improved study of brain lateralization.

• 대한자기공명의과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한자기공명의과학회 2001년도 제6차 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.105-105
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• 2001

Purpose： The activation of the Brocas and the Wernickes area in the language functional MR (fMR) well-known phenomena. We want to evaluate correlation of that activation with langua lateralization. So we evaluate the lateralization using the activation of the Brocas and t Wernickes area comparing with total cortical activation amount of cerebral hemisphere in t functional MR for measuring language lateralization based on Wada test.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.180-187
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• 2004

The present study attempted to investigate the effects of supply of highly concentrated (30%) oxygen on human ability of visuospatial cognition and cerebrum lateralization. compared to air of normal oxygen concentration (21%). The experiment consisted of two runs, one fur visuospatial cognition test with normal air (21% of oxygen) and for visuospatial cognition test with more oxygen in the air (30% of oxygen). Each run was composed of four blocks and each block included eight control tasks and five visuospatial tasks. Functional brain images were taken from 3T MRI using the single-shot EPI method. The result of task performance showed the accuracy increased at 30%＇s concentration of oxygen rather than 21%＇s. There were more activations observed at the left and right hemisphere, but there was decrease cerebrum lateralization with 30% oxygen administration. Thus, it is concluded that the positive effect on the visuospatial cognitive performance level by the highly concentrated oxygen administration was due to increase of cerebrum activation and decrease of cerebrum lateralization

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.209-215
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• 2006

The present study purposed to examine differences between 20s and 40s in visuospatial performance, the number of activated yokels and cerebral lateralization using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). For this study, eight college students in their twenties (21.5 years on the average) and six adults in their forties (45.7 years on the average) participated in the experiment. Functional brain images were taken from 37 MRI using the single-shot EPI method. Compared to the twenties the forties showed lower visuospatial performance and longer reaction time. In addition, compared to the twenties the forties had a smaller number of activated yokels and less cerebral lateralization. The results of this study show that people's visuospatial performance and number of activated yokels decrease with aging. In addition, they also suggest that cerebral lateralization decreases in order to supplement the lowering of visuospatial performance, which in turn symmetrizes the activation of the left and right hemisphere.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.81-83
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• 2003

The present study attempted to observe what changes the supply of highly concentrated(30％) oxygen cause to people's ability and cerebrum lateralization of verbal cognition, compared to air of normal oxygen concentration(21％). The experiment consisted of two runs, one for verbal cognition test with normal air(21％ of oxygen) and for verbal cognition test with more oxygen in the air(30％ of oxygen). Functional brain images were taken form 3T MRI using the single-shot EPI method. There were more activations observed at the occipital, parietal, temporal, and frontal lobes, but there were no changes in cerebrum lateralization with 30％ oxygen administration. The result of task performance showed the accuracy increased at 30％'s concentration of oxygen rather than 21％'s. It is concluded that the positive effect on the verbal cognitive performance level by the highly concentrated oxygen administration was due to changeless increase of left and right cerebrum activation.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.721-733
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• 2007

The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of the functional lateralization of the brain variables related to the sex, the scientific attitude and the scientific exploration skills. The science instruction is divided in each type of the lecturing class with the experiment class. As for the degree of SMR brainwave activation in each stage are presented while accumulating the brain waves from the right, left and the whole brain waves are analyzed during the science learning activities. It is therefore reasonable to consider the science instruction types and brain lateralization to enhance the science learning effectiveness. Sensorimotor rhythm brainwave as the low Beta is represented well to show the thought process. Category quantification scores and objective scores are calculated to show the visual positioning map for the relationships of the categories by homogeneity analysis.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.352-356
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 선행음과 후속음의 영향이 음상정위에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대하여 실험을 하였다. 음원은 양귀간 시간차(Interaural Time Difference ; ITD)를 0.5ms로 한 기준음을 사용하였다. 이러한 기준음과 5종류의 레벨차를 가진 방해음(선행음 및 후속음) 및 기준음과 방해음의 시간차(Inter-Stimuli Interval ; ISI) 4종류를 조합하여 피실험자에게 제공하였다. 그리고 주파수에 대한 의존성을 알아보기 위해 기준음과 방해음을 2kHz, 4kHz, 백색 잡음을 이용하였다. 피실험자는 헤드폰을 사용하여 기준음이 좌우 어느 쪽에서 들리는지를 판단하도록 하였다. 그 결과 음상정위에 미치는 영향은 후속음보다는 선행음이 크게 나타났다. 이것은 시간 마스킹과 같은 경향이라고 생각되어 진다. 음상정위에 있어서는 기준음과 방해음 사이의 주파수 의존성은 적게 나타났다.