• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.200-206
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• 2004

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery(AICA) is a branch of the basilar artery which supplies the bloods for ventrolateral cerebellum and the lateral tegmentum of the lower two-thirds of pons. AICA occlusion can cause such symptoms as acute-onset unilateral deafness, vertigo, facial weakness and ataxia. A case of sudden hearing loss, facial palsy and vertigo caused by AICA territory infarction recently presented itself. Korean Oriental and Western medical therapy were applied in combination. Facial palsy and vertigo improved, but hearing loss did not improve. This case is reported with a brief overview of related literatures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.6
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• pp.1472-1477
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• 2020

Dural arteriovenous fistula is an acquired vascular anomaly that can cause various symptoms. Here, we report a rare case of Borden type I sigmoid sinus dural arteriovenous fistula presenting as subarachnoid hemorrhage. Bleeding occurred from a side-wall aneurysm in the lateral pontomedullary segment of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery, which was a minor pial feeder. Features on imaging modalities, including brain CT, CT angiography, MR imaging/angiography and digital subtraction angiography, are described with a literature review.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.394-397
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• 2023

The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) is often involved in pathologies of the posterior cranial fossa. Therefore, a good understanding of the vessel's normal and variant courses is important to the neurosurgeon or neurointerventionalist. During the routine microdissection of the craniocervical junction, an unusual arrangement between the highest denticulate ligament and PICA was observed. On the right side, the PICA was given rise to by the V4 segment of the vertebral artery 9 mm after the artery entered the dura mater of the posterior cranial fossa. The artery made an acute turn around the lateral edge of the highest denticulate ligament to then recur 180 degrees and travel medially toward the brainstem. Invasive procedures that target the PICA should be aware of the variant as described herein.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.221-225
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• 2009

Objective : Surgical treatment of posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms is challenging due to limited surgical accessibility. Endovascular approach has a benefit of avoiding direct injury to the brainstem or lower cranial nerves. Therefore, it has recently been considered an alternative or primary modality for PICA aneurysms. We retrospectively assessed outcomes following detachable coil embolization of saccular PICA aneurysms. Methods : From February 1997 to December 2007, we performed endovascular procedures to treat 15 patients with 15 PICA aneurysms. Fourteen patients with 14 PICA aneurysms morphology of which was saccular were reviewed retrospectively. Twelve patients had ruptured aneurysms. The aneurysms arose from the PICA origin site (n=12), the PICA lateral medullary segment (n=1), or the PICA tonsilomedullary segment (n=1). Results : Complete aneurysm occlusion was achieved in 10 patients, residual neck in 3, and residual sac in one. Radiological follow-up was performed in 7 patients with mean duration of 34.7 months (range, 1-97 months) and showed stable or complete occlusion in 6 patients. There were no rebleeding or retreatment after endovascular treatment. Thromboembolism was the only procedure-related complication (n=4 ; 28.6%). Asymptomatic PICA infarction occurred in two patients and symptomatic PICA infarction in two elderly patients with poor clinical grade. Of these procedural PICA infarction cases, 1 symptomatic PICA infarction patient developed ventriculitis and septic shock leading to death. The clinical outcome was good in 10 patients (71.4%). Conclusions : In the present study, detachable coil embolization has shown as an efficient modality for PICA saccular aneurysms challenging indications of microsurgery. However, thromboembolic complications should be considered, especially in poor clinical elderly patients with ruptured aneurysms.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 2015

Background: Conventional anesthetic nerve block injections into the mandibular foramen risk causing nerve damage. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of the anterior technique (AT) of inferior alveolar nerve block using felypressin-propitocaine with a conventional nerve block technique (CT) using epinephrine and lidocaine for anesthesia via the mandibular foramen. Methods: Forty healthy university students with no recent dental work were recruited as subjects and assigned to two groups: right side CT or right side AT. Anesthesia was evaluated in terms of success rate, duration of action, and injection pain. These parameters were assessed at the first incisor, premolar, and molar, 60 min after injection. Chi-square and unpaired t-tests were used for statistical comparisons, with a P value of < 0.05 designating significance. Results: The two nerve block techniques generated comparable success rates for the right mandible, with rates of 65% (CT) and 60% (AT) at both the first molar and premolar, and rates of 60% (CT) and 50% (AT) at the lateral incisor. The duration of anesthesia using the CT was $233{\pm}37min$, which was approximately 40 min shorter than using the AT. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Injection pain using the AT was rated as milder compared with the CT. This difference was also statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The AT is no less successful than the CT for inducing anesthesia, and has the added benefits of a significantly longer duration of action and significantly less pain.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.397-405
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• 2023

Background: A precontoured plate rarely fits properly within the patient's clavicle and must be bent intraoperatively. This study aimed to determine whether anatomical reduction could be achieved using a plate bent before surgery. Methods: This study included 87 consecutive patients with displaced mid-shaft clavicle fractures who underwent plate fixation and were followed-up for a minimum of 1 year. After exclusions, 39 consecutive patients underwent fixation with a precontoured plate bent intraoperatively (intraoperative bending group), and 28 underwent fixation with the plate bent preoperatively (preoperative bending group). Using free software and a three-dimensional (3D) printer, ipsilateral clavicle 3D-printed models were constructed. Using plain radiographs, the distance between the edge of the lateral inferior cortex and the medial inferior cortex was measured. The angle between the line connecting the inferior cortex edge and the line passing through the flat portion of the superior cortex of the distal clavicle was measured. Results: Mean length differences between the ipsilateral and contralateral clavicle were smaller on both anteroposterior (AP; P=0.032) and axial images (P=0.029) in the preoperative bending group. The mean angular differences on both AP (P=0.045) and axial images (P=0.008) were smaller in the preoperative bending group. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in functional scores at the last follow-up. Conclusions: Smaller differences in length and angle between the ipsilateral and contralateral clavicle, indicative of reduction, were observed in the preoperative bending group. Using the precontoured technique with low expense, the operation was performed more effectively as reflected by a shorter operation time. Level of evidence: III.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.67-70
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• 2009

Purpose: Anatomical basis around orbit can be helpful in periorbital surgery, and there are many articles about measurement between periorbital reference points. In 1967, Jones and Evans measured the orbital wall thickness of Asian cadavers and this article has been cited more than 50 times. But there is no research in orbital thickness in Vivo. Author's idea was based on difference between live human and human cadaver. Material & Method: We conducted this study from 63 consecutive blow out fracture patients between January, 2000 to june, 2005 by collecting the bone fragments and measured the thickness of that fragment using vernia calipers. Anatomically, orbital floor is separated two area by inferior orbital fissure and we measured each area. Three areas were zone I (medial wall), zone II (medial to inferior orbital fissure) and zone III (lateral to inferior orbital fissure). Result: When the overall results were considered, the thickness of Zone I (medial wall of orbit) was average $0.131{\pm}0.006mm$ in male and $0.129{\pm}0.007mm$ in female and Zone II (medial side of orbital floor) was $0.251{\pm}0.005mm$ in male and $0.245{\pm}0.006mm$ in female, Zone III (lateral side of orbital floor) was $0.237{\pm}0.006mm$ in male and $0.226{\pm}0.006mm$ in female. There were no statistical difference between orbital wall thickness of male and female. Also, orbital wall thickness of adults measured $0.130{\pm}0.005mm$, $0.250{\pm}0.005mm$, $0.232{\pm}0.006mm$ in Zone I, Zone II, Zone III and $0.128{\pm}0.006mm$, $0.233{\pm}0.005mm$, $0.215{\pm}0.007mm$ in Zone I, Zone II, Zone III from childs, and there were no statistical difference between adult and child. Conclusion: This article is the first study about Korean orbital wall thickness, and can be helpful to periocular surgery.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.108-113
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• 2004

This study was to evaluate and compare differences of the cervical vertebral skeletal maturity of normal occlusion and skeletal Class III malocclusion. Normal occlusion (172 girls) and skeletal Class III malocclusion(191 girls) were classified according to diagnosis stone model and lateral cephalogram of Korean girls aging from 8 to 12 years. The concavity of inferior border, vertico-horizontal ratio of cervical vertebrae were observed and measured according to age. Differences of the cervical vertebral skeletal maturity were evaluated. The results were as follows : 1. The concavity of inferior border of the 2nd to 6th vertebrae of normal occlusion and skeletal Class III had uniformly increased with age. 2. The vertico-horizontal ratio of the 3rd to 6th vertebrae of girls with normal occlusion and skeletal Class III had uniformly increased with age. 3. There was no significant difference in cervical vertebral skeletal maturity between normal occlusion and skeletal Class III malocclusion in the concavity of inferior border of the 2nd to 6th vertebrae and in the vertico-horizontal ratio of the 3rd to 6th vertebrae. The results in the study indicate that there is no significant difference of cervical vertebral skeletal maturity between girls with normal occlusion and skeletal Class III malocclusion.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.474-487
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• 1998

The present study was undertaken to investigate the morphological characteristics of trigeminal nerve in the Korean native goat by macroscopic methods. Trigeminal nerve was originated from the lateral side of pons, and extended shortly forward to form trigeminal ganglion at the opening of oval foramen. Thereafter this nerve was divided into maxillary, mandibular and ophthalmic nerve. Ophthalmic nerve gave off the zygomaticotemporal branch, frontal nerve, frontal sinus branch, and was continued as the nasociliary nerve. Maxillary nerve gave rise to the zygomaticofacial branch, accessory zygomaticofacial branch, communicating branch with oculomotor nerve, pterygopalatine nerve, caudal superior alveolar branch, malar branch and was continued as the infraorbital nerve. Mandibular nerve was divided into the masseteric nerve, buccal nerve, lateral pterygoid nerve, medial pterygoid nerve, nerve to tensor tympani m., auriculotemporal nerve, and furnished the inferior alveolar nerve and lingual nerve as terminal branches. The course and distribution of the trigeminal nerve in the Korean native goat appeared to be similar to that in other small ruminants such as sheep and goat. But the main differences from other small ruminants were as follows : 1. There was no accessory branch of the major palatine nerve. 2. The caudal superior alveolar branch was directly branched from the maxillary nerve. 3. The communicating branch with oculomotor nerve was originated from maxillary nerve or common trunk with zygomaticofacial branch. 4. The malar branch arose from the maxillary nerve at the rostral to the origin of the caudal superior alveolar branch. 5. The inferior alveolar nerve originated in a common trunk with the lingual nerve. 6. The mylohyoid nerve arose at the origin of the inferior alveolar nerve. 7. The zygomaticotemporal branch was single fascicle, and gave off lacrimal nerve and cornual branch. 8. The base of horn was provided by the cornual branches of zygomaticotemporal branch and infratrochlear nerve of nasociliary nerve.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2000

Purpose : To compare the size and bone wall thickness of the maxillary sinus in normal, preoperative and postoperative maxillary sinusitis patients. Materials and Methods : The author analyzed CT images of both left and right maxillary sinuses in 357 patients who visited Chonbuk National University Hospital between January 1997 and December 1998. The size and bone wall thickness of the maxillary sinus of normal, inflammatory and post-Caldwell-Luc groups were compared. Results: The significant differences of transverse, maximum medio-lateral, maximum supero-inferior dimensions and medio-lateral dimension at nasal floor level between normal and post-Caldwell-Luc groups were found (P<0.05). And the significant differences of antero-posterior dimensions between inflammatory and post-Caldwell-Luc group were found (P<0.05). But, no significant differences of vertical height dimensions between groups was found (P>0.05). The significant differences of postero-lateral, infero-lateral and medial wall thickness between normal and post-Caldwell-Luc groups were found (P<0.05). Conclusion : The results of this study will aid in the diagnosis and treatment of maxillary sinus diseases and post operative treatment planning.