• Title/Summary/Keyword: Latent class analysis

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Latent Class Analysis of Gambling Activities among Korean Adolescents (한국 청소년 도박유형 특성의 잠재계층분석)

  • Kang, Kyonghwa;Kim, Hyeongsu;Park, Ae Ran;Kim, Hee-Young;Lee, Kunsei
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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    • v.48 no.2
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    • pp.232-240
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: The aim of this study is to identify the types of gambling among adolescents and provide basic prevention information regarding adolescents' gambling problems. Methods: Secondary data from representative national survey on 2015 Youth Gambling Problems of Korea Center on Gambling Problems were used. Using latent class analysis (LCA), 13 gambling types such as offline and online games of 14,011 adolescents were classified, and gambling experiences and characteristics were analyzed. Results: The subgroups of adolescent gambling were identified as four latent classes: a rare group (84.5% of the sample), a risk group (1.0%), an offline group (11.9%), and an expanded group (2.6%). The types and characteristics of gambling among the latent classes differed. In the risk group, adolescents participated in online illegal sports betting and internet casino, and gambling time, gambling expenses, and the number of gambling types were higher than other groups. Conclusion: Gambling frequently occur among adolescent, and the subtypes of gambling did not reveal homogeneous characteristics. In order to prevent adolescent gambling problems, it is a necessary to develop tailored prevention intervention in the nursing field, which is appropriate to the characteristics of adolescent gambling group and can help with early identification.

The Relations of Teacher-Efficacy and Perception of Principals' Leadership and Peer Collaboration across Job Stress and Satisfaction (초등교사의 지각된 교사효능감, 학교장 지도성, 동료교사 태도 인식의 잠재프로파일에 따른 직무스트레스와 교직만족도 차이)

  • Yeon, Eun Mo;Choi, Hyo-sik
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.19 no.9
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    • pp.482-491
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    • 2018
  • This study intended to identify different level of teacher-efficacy, perception of principals' leadership and peer collaboration as it pertains to a teachers' job stress and job satisfaction in Elementary school. Samples include 1,031 teachers in elementary school from Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey(KCYPS) and data were analyzed using Latent Class Analysis(LCA) to identify different patterns of teacher-efficacy and perception of principals' leadership and peer collaboration. Multivariate analysis of variance were employed to identify the influence of predictors for classification of teachers' job stress and job satisfaction among latent classes. The study found three latent classes at risk class, middle-level adaptive class, and adaptive class and results showed that each distinctive class can be identified by some of predictors. Teachers at adaptive class showed higher teacher-efficacy and positive perception of principals' leadership and peer collaboration than teachers at risk and middle-level adaptive class. Also, teachers at adaptive class showed lower job stress and higher job satisfaction than teachers at two other classes. The study suggests that help teachers based on personal profile are effective rather teacher-efficacy and perception of principals' leadership and peer collaboration.

The Latent Class Analysis for adolescent's dependence on smartphone : Mediation Effects of self-determination in the Influence of neglect to adolescent's dependence on smartphone (청소년의 스마트폰의존 변화유형분석과 방임이 자기결정성을 매개로 스마트폰의존에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Keung-Eun;Yeum, Dong-Moon
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.383-394
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    • 2018
  • This study analyzed the latent profile for identifying the difference in the dependence on smartphone use among middle school students in the 1st grade using the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS). From the result of this study, first the latent class was separated according to the type of dependence on smartphone use. Class 1 included the students (from fifth grade in elementary school) whose level of reliance on smartphone use was low. Class 2 was selected as the group whose level of reliance on smartphone was high. Secondly, in comparing class 2 to class 1, it was found that the students who have a high probability of being in class 1 were those whose fathers are high achievers, have high early self-esteem and less age attachment. Thirdly, the students in class 1 had a higher sense of neglect than those in class 2. Furthermore, the self-determination of the students in class 2 mediated the effect of neglect on the adolescents' dependence on smartphone use both directly and indirectly.

A Exploratory Study on Multiple Trajectories of Life Satisfaction During Retirement Transition: Applied Latent Class Growth Analysis (은퇴 전후 생활만족도의 다중 변화궤적에 관한 탐색적 연구: 잠재집단성장모형을 중심으로)

  • Kang, Eun-Na
    • Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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    • v.44 no.3
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    • pp.85-112
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    • 2013
  • This study aims to understand the developmental trajectories of life satisfaction among retirees and to examine what factors differentiate different trajectory classes. This study used three waves of longitudinal data from Korean Retirement and Income Study and data collected every two years(2005, 2007, and 2009). Subjects were respondents aged 50-69 who identified to be retired between wave 1 and wave 2. Finally, this study used 243 respondents for final data analysis. Life satisfaction was measured by seven items. The latent class growth model and multiple logistic regression model were used for data analysis. This study identified three distinct trajectory classes: high stable class(47.7%), high at the early stage but decreased class(42.8%), and low at the early stage and then decreased class(9.5%). This study founded that approximately 50% of the retirees experienced the decline of life satisfaction after retirement and about 10% of the sample was the most vulnerable group. This study analyzed what factors make different among the distinct trajectory groups. As a results, retirees who experienced the improvement in health change were more likely to be in 'high stable class' compared to 'hight at the early stage but decreased class'. In addition, retirees who were less educated, maintained the same health status rather than the improvement, worked as a temporary or a day laborer, and had less household income were more likely to belong to 'low at the early stage and then decreased class' relative to 'high stable class'. This study suggests that there are distinct three trajectories on life satisfaction among the retirees and finds out factors differentiating between trajectory groups. Based on these findings, the study discusses the implications for social work practice and further study.

Trajectories of Marital Satisfaction of Parent: Relatedness to Behavior Problems of Children (부모의 결혼만족도 변화 유형에 따른 자녀의 문제행동 차이)

  • Yeon, Eun Mo;Choi, Hyo-Sik
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.21 no.11
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    • pp.375-384
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    • 2020
  • This study examined the trajectories of the marital satisfaction of parents to classify its latent classes and how marital satisfaction influences the behavioral problems of their children between the identified latent classes. The 1st to 8th and 10th data from the Korea Child-Adolescent Panel Survey were analyzed using the latent class growth analysis and BCH method. First, based on the mother's trajectory of marital satisfaction, five latent classes were identified: 'low constant', 'intermediate constant', 'temporary increment-constantly decrement', 'high constant, and 'highest constant'. At the same time, based on the father's trajectory of marital satisfaction, four latent classes were identified: 'increment', 'intermediate-slightly decrement', 'high-slightly decrement', and 'highest constant'. Second, mothers with low marital satisfaction had more children with behavioral problems, and their influence had more problems with internalized behavioral problems. These problems progressed to externalized behavioral problems as they grew. Both internalized and externalized behavioral problems were also found between the identified latent classes of the father's marital satisfaction. Children of fathers with low marital satisfaction showed more behavioral problems. These findings suggest that the marital satisfaction of parents is an important variable that can influence the behavioral problems of their children.

Relationship between Latent Classes of Socioeconomic Status and Self-Esteem among Elderly Living Alone (사회경제적 지위 잠재유형이 독거노인의 자아존중감에 미치는 영향)

  • Kwag, Kyung Hwa
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of this study was to identify latent classes of socioeconomic status and to explore whether those of socioeconomic status influenced self-esteem among elderly living alone. From the data of 2009 National Elder Abuse Investigation, 1,333 older adults who were over 65 years and living alone were analyzed. Latent class analysis, one-way ANOVA, and hierarchical regression analysis were performed to test the purpose of this study. Results of this study found 5 latent classes of socioeconomic status, named as high education-low income group, low education-low income group, middle education-low income group, high education-high income group, and low education-high income group. Next, there were significant differences in self-esteem depending on 5 latent classes of socioeconomic status. Finally, compared to low education-low income group, high education-low income group, middle education-low income group, high education-high income group, and low education-high income group showed higher levels of self-esteem, even after adjusting for confounding factors. Findings from this study suggested fundamental characteristics and public policy for elderly living alone.

Analysis of Change Patterns in Assistive Technology Device Use of the Workers with Disabilities (취업장애인의 보조공학기기 사용의 변화형태 분석)

  • Jun, Y.H.
    • Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.83-87
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    • 2012
  • This study is aimed to identify latent classes which are based the change patterns in assistive technology device use among worker with disabilities and to test the effects of independent variables(gender, education, disability type, disability density, activity and participation of ICF: ICF, subjective socioeconomic status: SES, job satisfaction, life satisfaction) on determining latents classes. This study applied Nagin's(1999) semi-parametric group based approach to the panel survey of employment for the disabled. Because dependant variable has dichotomous scale, logit model was used. The results identified three latent classes, which could be defined based on the patterns as follows; assistive device continued use group, assistive device mid-level use group, assistive device sharp decline use group. The effects of the independent variables on the latent classes was tested by multinomial logit analysis. The results showed that education, disability type, ICF, SES, and life satisfaction were significant determinants of the latent classes. Finally, the implications based on analysis results were suggested.

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The effects of latent classes in social exclusion on the economic instability of old age (사회적 배제 잠재유형이 노후의 경제적 불안에 미치는 영향: 주관적 계층의식의 조절효과)

  • Kim, Soo Jin;Kim, Ju Hyun;Ju, Kyong Hee
    • 한국노년학
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    • v.40 no.1
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    • pp.33-49
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    • 2020
  • This study was conducted to examine the latent classes in social exclusion and to analyse empirically the effects on the economic instability of old age by this type. And it also sought to look at whether the influence of old age anxiety varies with the subjective class consciousness of the elderly. Using the 14th data from the Korea General Social Survey (KGSS) in 2016, 1,041 adult males and females aged 18 years old were analyzed at the time of the survey. T-test, potential layer analysis (LCA), and multinomantic analysis of potential groups were conducted using the STATA14 and MPLUS 7 statistical programs. Finally, multi-regression analysis was performed to identify the moderate effect and effects among variables. According to the research, the types of social exclusion were three groups, followed by social exclusion group (49.3%), Multi-dimensional exclusion group (30.9%), and active social participation group (19.7%). The social exclusion group has the lowest possibility of economic, employment, and health exclusion, but the exclusion of formal and informal social activities seem to prominent, and the multi-dimensional exclusion group is more than 50% likely to experience exclusion in all areas. Active social participation are characterized by very active participation in informal social activities. By conducting multinominal logistic regression, it was observed that the social exclusion group included more young people than other groups, and that the multi-dimensional exclusion group included many elderly women without spouses. Finally, multiple regression analysis showed that social exclusion type interacts with subjective class consciousness and affects economic anxiety of old age.

Identifying Latent Classes in Early Adolescents' Overt Aggression and Testing Determinants of the Classes Using Semi-parametric Group-based Approach (준모수적 집단 중심 방법을 적용한 청소년기 초기의 공격성 변화에 따른 잠재계층 분류와 관련요인 검증)

  • No, Un-Kyung;Hong, Se-Hee
    • Survey Research
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.37-58
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this study were to identify the subgroups (i.e., latent classes) depending on early adolescents' change patterns in aggression and to test the effects of individual-background variables on determining the latent classes. For these goals, we applied Nagin's(1999) semi-parametric group-based approach to the Korean Youth Panel Study. Results showed that four latent classes were identified, which could be defined based on the patterns as low-level group, increasing group, intermediate-level group, and high-level group. By adding gender, self-control, parent attachment, teacher attachment, and the number of delinquent friends to the unconditional latent class model, we tested the effects of the variables on the latent classes. Multinomial logit analysis showed that gender, self-control, teacher attachment, and the number of delinquent friends were significant determinants of the latent classes. Findings from this study suggest the need to consider heterogeneity in the study of early adolescents' aggression to facilitate more refined targeting of intervention program.

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Label Embedding for Improving Classification Accuracy UsingAutoEncoderwithSkip-Connections (다중 레이블 분류의 정확도 향상을 위한 스킵 연결 오토인코더 기반 레이블 임베딩 방법론)

  • Kim, Museong;Kim, Namgyu
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.175-197
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    • 2021
  • Recently, with the development of deep learning technology, research on unstructured data analysis is being actively conducted, and it is showing remarkable results in various fields such as classification, summary, and generation. Among various text analysis fields, text classification is the most widely used technology in academia and industry. Text classification includes binary class classification with one label among two classes, multi-class classification with one label among several classes, and multi-label classification with multiple labels among several classes. In particular, multi-label classification requires a different training method from binary class classification and multi-class classification because of the characteristic of having multiple labels. In addition, since the number of labels to be predicted increases as the number of labels and classes increases, there is a limitation in that performance improvement is difficult due to an increase in prediction difficulty. To overcome these limitations, (i) compressing the initially given high-dimensional label space into a low-dimensional latent label space, (ii) after performing training to predict the compressed label, (iii) restoring the predicted label to the high-dimensional original label space, research on label embedding is being actively conducted. Typical label embedding techniques include Principal Label Space Transformation (PLST), Multi-Label Classification via Boolean Matrix Decomposition (MLC-BMaD), and Bayesian Multi-Label Compressed Sensing (BML-CS). However, since these techniques consider only the linear relationship between labels or compress the labels by random transformation, it is difficult to understand the non-linear relationship between labels, so there is a limitation in that it is not possible to create a latent label space sufficiently containing the information of the original label. Recently, there have been increasing attempts to improve performance by applying deep learning technology to label embedding. Label embedding using an autoencoder, a deep learning model that is effective for data compression and restoration, is representative. However, the traditional autoencoder-based label embedding has a limitation in that a large amount of information loss occurs when compressing a high-dimensional label space having a myriad of classes into a low-dimensional latent label space. This can be found in the gradient loss problem that occurs in the backpropagation process of learning. To solve this problem, skip connection was devised, and by adding the input of the layer to the output to prevent gradient loss during backpropagation, efficient learning is possible even when the layer is deep. Skip connection is mainly used for image feature extraction in convolutional neural networks, but studies using skip connection in autoencoder or label embedding process are still lacking. Therefore, in this study, we propose an autoencoder-based label embedding methodology in which skip connections are added to each of the encoder and decoder to form a low-dimensional latent label space that reflects the information of the high-dimensional label space well. In addition, the proposed methodology was applied to actual paper keywords to derive the high-dimensional keyword label space and the low-dimensional latent label space. Using this, we conducted an experiment to predict the compressed keyword vector existing in the latent label space from the paper abstract and to evaluate the multi-label classification by restoring the predicted keyword vector back to the original label space. As a result, the accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score used as performance indicators showed far superior performance in multi-label classification based on the proposed methodology compared to traditional multi-label classification methods. This can be seen that the low-dimensional latent label space derived through the proposed methodology well reflected the information of the high-dimensional label space, which ultimately led to the improvement of the performance of the multi-label classification itself. In addition, the utility of the proposed methodology was identified by comparing the performance of the proposed methodology according to the domain characteristics and the number of dimensions of the latent label space.