• 건축역사연구
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.87-100
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• 2007

This study examines on the structural Methods between purlin and beam at Wooden Architecture in Joseon Dynasty($1372{\sim}1910$). Through the investigation, it is verified that the structural methods between purlin and beam is the technique utilizing tenon joint(통장부맞춤), Sungeoteok joint(숭어턱맞춤), dovetailed tenon joint(주먹장맞춤). And the methods of tenon joint is followed by the Sungeoteok joint, which is used in the buildings after middle Joseon dynasty. The method of tenon joint(통장부맞춤) is to connect the beam with the purlin by carving out the head of the beam as '一' shape. And the structural methods between Janghyeo(장혀, timber under purlin) and beam is halved joint(반턱맞춤) and tenon joint (통장부맞춤). The buildings in late Goryeo Dynasty and Joseon Dynasty adopted the method of tenon joint between purlin and beam. The method of Sungeoteok joint is to connect the beam with the purlins by carving out the head of the beams '凸' shape. And the structural methods between Janghyeo and beams is halved joint(반턱맞춤) and tenon joint(통장부맞춤), the method of tenon and step joint(통장부턱맞춤), dovetailed joint between beam and Janghyeo to increase the security of shear force.

• 천문학논총
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.31-44
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• 2018

Song, I-Yeong (1619 ~ ?) was an active astronomer in the Joseon dynasty at the era of adopting the Shixian-li, Chinese calendar in Qing dynasty. His astronomical contribution was recorded in Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, Diary of the Royal Secretariat, Comparative Review of Records and Documents-Its Revision and Enlargement, and Treatise on the Bureau of Astronomy. In addition the details on his life and works were found at the genealogies of the Song Family from Yeonan and the Kim Family from Seonsan. His major astronomical activities can be summarized in three items. First, as a specialist astronomer, he has attempted to make a systematic observation of two comets. Second, he designed and fabricated the Jamyeong-jong, the weight-powered armillary clock, which became a typical model of the astronomical clock in the Joseon dynasty. Last, he served as a royal astronomical professor, greatly contributing on implementing the Shixian-li. Song has concentrated on performing astronomical duties for his royal official service time. Song is regarded as an important astronomer who made it possible to enforce the Shixian-li until the late Joseon dynasty.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2019

Busanjin Fortress was originally made of stone fortress for the Joseon Navy, which was located in Dongnae area in the late Joseon Dynasty. However, the Japanesque Castle of Busanjin in 1592 was built by the Japanese military during the Japanese Invasion of Korea. Since the Japanese military retreated, the Joseon Navy had renovated the fortress and had used it as a base for stationing, and it had been maintained in Busanjin Fortress until the Joseon Navy was disbanded in 1895. After the abolition of the Naval Force System, the space in Busanjin Fortress was dismantled, and the government facilities and their sites were not properly managed and repaired, eventually was sold to Japanese. As Busanjin Fortress failed to function properly, the coastal space in Busanjin became a burial ground after being reclaimed by Japanese with real estate investment in mind. Today, the traces of Busanjin Fortress have been removed by the reclamation work, and only the remains of some stone pillars remain under the name of Jaseongdae(子城臺). Thus, the old custom as the Naval base disappeared, leaving only the image of Japanesque Castle.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2021

It is generally believed that Seonjeong-jeon and Heejeong-dang respectively served as Pyeonjeon of Chang-deok Palace in the earlier and the later period of Joseon dynasty. However, such belief is based on the concept of Pyeonjeon that emerged after the time of King Soonjo's reign(1800~1834). The concept and functions of Pyeonjeon varied among times ranging from Koryo to late Joseon dynasty. In the earlier Koryo dynasty, the word Pyeonjeon signified both "Pyeonjeon in relation to Jeong-jeon" or "Pyeonjeon as a casual office for the king". The ambiguity of the word was resolved when Bopyung-cheong and Jogye-cheong were established in the earlier Joseon dynasty. These buildings in Chang-deok Palace (and only Bopyung-cheong in Gyeong-bok Palace) held rituals related to events in Jeong-jeon, as well as their exclusive political rituals. Thus, the meaning of the term "Pyeon-jeon" became restricted to its second meaning, namely a casual building for the king's everyday office work and small banquets. However, the ambiguity reemerged from around the time of King Seong-jong's reign(1469~1494). In this period, Pyeonjeon as in relation to Jeong-jeon was often referred to as "Jeong-jeon", or "Beop-jeon" from the mid-16th century. In the 19th century, Pyeonjeon as king's casual office took over the characteristics and functions of Beop-jeon. Thus, the popular notion of "Pyeon-jeon" was newly established and passed onto nowadays.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2022

The construction period of the ondol (Korean floor heating system) at Hoeamsa Temple Site is known as Joseon. The main reason is that a large number of remains in the Joseon era were excavated from the ondol floor with an all-around ondol method. This article partially accepts the theory of the creation of Ondol at Hoeamsa Temple Site during the Joseon Dynasty and suggests a new argument that some Ondol remains were built during the Goryeo Dynasty. The grounds for them are as follows. First, through the building sites consistent with the arrangement of the Cheonbosan Hoeamsa Sujogi (天寶山檜巖寺修造記, Record of Repair and Construction of Hoeamsa at Cheonbosan Mountain), it is highly likely that the ondol remains as a basic floor was maintained during the reconstruction period in Goryeo. Second, the all-around ondol method of the Monastery Site has already been widely used since the Goryeo Dynasty. Third, some ondol remains consist of "Mingaejari" and "Dunbeonggaejari," which were the methods of the gaejari (which dug deeper and stayed in the smoke) in the pre-Joseon Dynasty. Based on the above evidence, this study argues that the building sites such as Dongbangjangji, Seobangjangji, Ipsilyoji, Sijaeyoji, Susewaryoji, Seogiyoji, Seoseungdangji, Jijangryoji, and Hyanghwaryoji were constructed during the late Goryeo Dynasty.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.246-259
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• 2021

조선시대 지방 읍성에 대한 연구는 다방면에서 많은 성과가 있었으나, 그 내부 관청 건물의 하나인 옥(獄)에 대해서는 고고학적인 연구가 제대로 진행되지 않았다. 죄인들이 머무는 옥사의 배치나 구조, 옥리(관헌)들이 사무를 보거나 숙직 근무를 서는 집무소, 탈출을 방지하는 담장의 구조 등에 대해서는 1997년 경주에서 옥이 처음 발굴된 이후 연구의 필요성이 계속 제기되어 왔으나 비교 대상이 없어 답보 상태였다. 그러나 그 후 발굴된 연일옥 자료와 공주옥 등의 사진을 비교 분석해 본 결과 조선 전기부터 말기까지 축조된 옥의 구조를 파악할 수 있는 기초 자료를 확보할 수 있게 되었다. 세종은 전국의 죄수들을 잘 관리하도록 1426년 표준적인 설계도인 안옥도(犴獄圖)를 배포하였고, 동·하절기 처우 개선 등을 위해 1439년 한 차례 수정하기도 하였다. 1421년부터 1743년까지 운영된 연일옥은 조선 전기부터 중기까지의 옥의 구조를 파악할 수 있는데, 조선 후기까지 운영된 경주옥과 비교할 때 원형 담장, 동서 옥사의 배치와 구조 등 그 형식이 매우 유사하며 규모만 작을 뿐이다. 이러한 구조는 조선 말기 사진으로 남아 있는 공주옥까지 계속 그 형식이 유지되고 있음을 밝힐 수 있었다. 조선시대 옥은 타원형의 담장과 남녀를 구분하여 수용하는 건물이 나누어져 있었고, 담장의 높이는 약 3m에 이를 것으로 추정된다. 옥사는 동쪽이 남자, 서쪽이 여자 옥사로 구분되며 지붕으로 탈출이 어려운 기와집 구조였다. 원형 담장 앞에는 옥리(押牢)들이 근무하는 초가 지붕의 집무소가 있었는데, 2중의 옥문을 통해야만 옥의 출입이 가능하였다. 조선시대 왕들은 인본주의 유교 사상을 구현하고자 미결수들이 머무는 옥의 환경을 개선하고 남녀를 구분하여 수감토록 한 것이 건축물의 배치에 반영되었음을 알 수 있다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.223-242
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• 2022

본 연구는 세종대에 삼물회를 조선왕릉에 도입하게 되는 과정을 살펴보고, 1446년(세종 28년) 영릉의 구조적 변화가 갖는 의미를 살펴보는 데 중점을 두었다. 조선초 왕릉은 고려의 석실릉을 답습하여 조성하였다. 조선왕릉으로 처음 지어진 신덕왕후의 정릉은 고려의 공민왕과 노국공주의 정릉·현릉을 건립한 경험을 갖고 있는 김사행이 주도적으로 건립하였다. 이후 박자청이 이어받아 조선 초 석실릉을 건립하였으므로, 고려의 석실구조를 기반으로 조선왕릉이 조성되었다고 보는 것이 적절할 것이다. 그러나 성종대의 『국조오례의』에 기록된 석실의 구조를 살펴보면 고려의 것과는 매우 다르다. 뿐만 아니라 『세종실록』에 기록된 태종과 원경왕후의 석실제도와도 다르다. 가장 큰 차이는 석실에 삼물회를 도입하여 구조적인 보강을 시도하였다는 점이다. 이러한 변화는 1446년(세종 28년) 소헌왕후의 국상으로 영릉(英陵)을 건립할 때, 석실 내에 물이 스며들거나 고이지 않는 밀실한 구조를 만들고자 했던 세종의 의지를 반영한 것이다. 1446년 세종과 소헌왕후의 합장릉으로 조성된 영릉(英陵)과 1452년에 조성된 문종의 현릉(顯陵)은 석실구조 바깥에 삼물회격을 추가로 시공한 석실과 회격의 복합구조체이다. 이것은 1468년(예종 즉위년) 세조의 유교에 따라 석실을 폐지하고 회격만으로 현궁을 만드는데 구조적 기반이 되었다. 즉, 영릉과 현릉의 구조에서 내부의 석실구조를 제거하고, 바깥의 회격만을 시공함으로써 회격 현궁이 조성된 것이다. 이로써 조선왕릉은 『국조오례의』에 기록된 석실과 회격의 복합 구조체인 회격석실릉에서, 석실을 제거하고 회격만을 조성하는 회격릉으로 정착하게 된다. 이러한 전개과정을 살펴볼 때, 1446년(세종 28)에 삼물회로 만든 회격구조를 석실에 결합한 회격석실릉은 조선만의 특별한 석실구조이며, 조선왕릉의 지하구조가 회격릉으로 변천하게 되는 기반이 되었음을 논증한다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2022

This is a comparative study of Byung-Kwa-Ryu (Korean rice cake and cookie) of the Chungcheon Province Area in the late Joseon Dynasty, based on 「Jusiksiui」 in the late 1800s, 「Eumsikbangmunnira」 in 1891, and 「Banchandeungsok」 in 1913. This study was also compared with the recipes of 「Suunjapbang」 of 1540, 「Eumsikdimibang」 of around 1670, 「Siuijeonseo」, and Gyuhabchongseo of the late 1800s. As for the Byung-Kwa-Ryu(Korean rice cake and cookie) introduced in the recipe book, 「Eumsikbangmunnira」 recorded the most with 18 types of rice cakes and two types of Korean sweets, followed by 「Jusiksiui. There were 14 types of rice cakes, and two types of Korean sweets. 「Banchandeungsok」 had eight types ofrice cakes and six types of Korean sweets. Yogi-tteok in 「Jusiksiui」 and 「Banchandeungsok」 were foods that could not be found in other recipes. Yakgwa and Jeungpyeon were in all three books as well as 「Eumsikdimibang」. These were also included in 「Siuijeonseo」 and were introduced to most cookbooks. The materials used and the method of making it differed for each recipe. Many studies on cookbooks have focused on the Yeongnam region so far. This study served as an opportunity to confirm the dietary life data of the Chungcheong-do region through a review of the recipe books containing food from the Chungcheong-do region. In addition, it was possible to examine the ingredients and cooking methods used in each cookbook at the time through comparative analysis with the cookbooks in the Yeongnam region.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2016

조선시대 의궤 16책에 수록되어 있는 궁중음식 중 전유화(煎油花)에 대하여 문헌 고찰하였다. 조선왕조 궁중음식의 전유화는 주재료에 따라 분석한 결과 수어 & 생선이 16.0%로 가장 높았고, 간과 양이 각각 14.2%, 해삼 12.3%, 게(蟹: 해) 생합 천엽이 각각 4.7%, 돼지고기(저육) 낙지(락제) 각각 3.9%, 굴(석화) 꿩(생치) 닭(계) 각각 2.8%, 민어 골이 각각 2.0%, 오리(鴨子: 압자) 산비둘기(山鳩: 산구) 도비(都飛) 도미 백어 홍합 해란 메추리(순조) 계란 실임자 각각 0.9%순으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 전유화(煎油花)에 대한 새로운 조명과 메뉴개발을 통해 한식의 세계화에 기여하기 위한 기초 자료로 활용되기를 바란다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.767-777
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• 2012

This study analyzed the system and arguments on the light-pink official uniforms and investigated the backgrounds and principles on the changes of the Sibok system. A study on light-pink danryeong in the latter part of the Joseon Dynasty is a de facto study on Sibok since the name of the light-pink official uniforms (implemented at the time of King Seonjo) changed from Sangbok to Sibok. Sangbok is discussed to explain the name change from Sangbok to Sibok and distinguish their usages; in addition, Gongbok is examined to understand the characteristics of the Sibok system. The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty (books written by scholars) and related laws are used as research materials. The research results are as follows. The name of the light-pink uniforms (a custom before the Japanese invasion in 1592) changed from Sangbok to Sibok at the time of King Gwanghaegun and the light-pink uniform was used as a relatively light formal uniform compared to Sangbok. Sibok was added to the law Sok-dae-jeon at the time of King Yeongjo (because the king respected the custom) and its color rank system was denoted from light-pink and red. Sibok was revised to light-pink, blue, and green under the law Dae-jeon-tong-pyeon that was promulgated at time of King Jeongjo. In the development of the Sibok system in the latter part of the Joseon Dynasty, the color rank system of Gongbok was reflected. The sovereign ideas in the official uniforms in the latter part of the Joseon Dynasty (revealed in the study of the system and arguments on the light-pink official uniforms) were the thoughts that respected the custom and the principles that distinguish ranks to establish a Confucian based hierarchy.