• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.385-404
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• 2010

The purpose of this article is to examine the Delays of Performance under UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods. In theory, there exist three clearly distinguishable categories of breach of contract, namely non-performance, non-conforming performance and late performance. In particular, delays of performance are the most common breach of sales contract including late delivery, late payment or late performance of any other obligation. In this regard, this article examines how parties can, through careful drafting, avoid or minimize legal problems in case of delay in performance. Especially, the export perspective focuses on the seller's interests, which require that sanctions be as lenient as possible if the seller has breached the contract but that there are prompt and adequate sanctions if the buyer has breached the contract. Furthermore, the seller should ensure that a short or medium delay in delivery will not entitle the buyer to declare the contract immediately avoided and take precautions against late payment, including delayed opening of a letter of credit.

• Perinatology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.159-164
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• 2018

Objective: To compare neonatal respiratory morbidity of twins according to birth order related to gestational age and mode of delivery. Methods: We performed the retrospective research of the medical records of 3,224 neonates (1,612 twin pairs) born in a single center from January 2011 to December 2015. Subjects were classified into four gestational age groups: very (<32 weeks), moderate (32-33 weeks), late (34-36 weeks) preterm, and term (${\geq}37weeks$) groups. We investigated clinical characteristics and respiratory morbidity according to birth order related to gestational age group and mode of delivery. Results: We found increased risk of respiratory morbidity in second-born twin than first-born twin (P=0.039). Second-born twin was associated with increased risk of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in late preterm group (odds ratio [OR] 2.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30-5.95), and transient tachypnea of newborn in term group (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.03-1.81). In vaginal delivery mode, there was no difference of respiratory morbidity between first and second-born twin in each group, but in cases of Cesarean delivery, second-born twin was related with a greater risk of RDS in late preterm group (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.07-5.09). Birth order and Cesarean section independently increased the risk of RDS (adjusted OR [aOR] 1.69, 95% CI 1.12-2.54; aOR 2.14, 95% CI 1.25-3.66, respectively). Conclusion: Second-born twin and Cesarean delivery are associated with increased risk of RDS, especially in late preterm twins.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 1997

Background : Previous studies have proven beneficial in labor analgesia to use subarachnoid sufentanil(alone or with adjuvant) on parturients in early first stage of labor. We designed this prospective study to evaluate analgesic efficacy and side effects of subarachnoid sufentanil plus bupivacaine in women with cervical dilatation of 7 cm greater. Methods : This was an open-label, nonrandomized trial of 32 parturients in late first stage labor who requested labor analgesia. After signing the consent form each patient received subarachnoid sufentanil (10 ${\mu}g$) and bupivacaine (2.5 mg). Patients were asked to rate their verbal pain score (0-10 scale) before regional anesthesia and 5 minutes after subarachnoid injection, and every 20 minutes thereafter until delivery or request for additional analgesia. Blood pressure, pruritus, Bromage motor block score, mode of delivery and need for supplemental analgesics were recorded. Results : Thirty women were included in the study. Mean pain scores (mean${\pm}$SD) were $8.7{\pm}1.0$ pre-spinal, $0.7{\pm}1.5$ 5 minutes post-injection, and remained less than 5 for 130 minutes after spinal injection. Of 30 patients, 24 had unassisted vaginal delivery, 4 instrumental vaginal delivery (vacuum), and 2 cesarean delivery. Of 28 patients who delivered vaginally, 19 did not require supplemental analgesics and had a delivery pain score of 5 or lower. Blood pressure decreased in three patients after spinal analgesia (p<0.05), which necessitated treatment. The Bromage motor block score was 0 in 26 patients and 1 in 4 patients. Pruritus was noted in 22 patients. Conclusion : Subarachnoid sufentanil-bupivacaine provides rapid analgesia for an effective duration of approximately 130 minutes in parturients in late first stage of labor.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.112-119
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• 2003

The procedure and implementation of an simulation based production planning and scheduling system. Production planning and scheduling is important problem in manufacturing field. It is so important for delivery quality as well as productivity, too. In this paper, heuristic production planning and scheduling module for improving delivery quality and productivity will be discussed. Beginning with total demand and initial work in process, the algorithms for production scheduling and planning can efficiently generate a feasible production resources and capacity schedule results in high resource utilization, minimum number of the late orders and reduced labor variability. The algorithm is executed to achieve the best on time delivery performance. The developed heuristic algorithms in the module will be expected to provide the better delivery performance and productivity.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2014

Auto part industry supplies production for auto manufacturer and after market. These company have inventory for delivery. High inventory level can be good for delivery, but cost will be increase. Low inventory level can be customer unsatisfaction for delivery late. Low inventory level also is reason of low productivity by decreasing product batch size. These article suggest model for calculation a proper inventory level and prove a effect by simulation of some company.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2011

This study investigated potential relationship between fetal deaths and plasma progesterone concentrations of bitches. Serial ultrasonographic examinations were performed on small-pet 23 dogs from gestation day (GD) 15 through parturition. The dogs were 3 non-pregnant bitches, 9 spontaneous delivery bitches, 6 partial early embryonic death bitches, 2 whole early embryonic death bitches, and 3 aborted bitches. The late pregnancy (GD 51-54) appeared in 2 of the 3 aborted bitches and the hypoluteoidism appeared in 1 of the 3 aborted bitches. The plasma progesterone concentrations of partial early embryonic death bitches (n=6) showed no significant difference when compared with the spontaneous delivery bitches. We observed that plasma progesterone concentrations were dramatic decrease before the onset of embryonic death in whole early embryonic death bitches that plasma progesterone concentrations of aborted bitches at late pregnancy were significantly decreased when compared with those of spontaneous delivery bitches. The plasma progesterone concentrations of the hypoluteoidism bitch were lower than those of spontaneous delivery bitches. At the hypoluteoidism bitch, fetuses were resorbed in early pregnancy and aborted in late pregnancy. On the basis of the results, the diagnosis of partial early embryonic death could not be confirmed without ultrasonographic examination. The partial early embryonic death was considered a spontaneous phenomenon and uncorrelated with plasma progesterone concentration. However, aborted bitches and whole early embryonic death bitches were related to plasma progesterone concentrations and that of bitches gradually decreased before fetal death. These findings suggest that administration of progesterone may be a useful preventing agent against fetal death.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2020

In this study, a survey was conducted among university students (119 men and 134 women) in Chungbuk province using questionnaires to investigate the variables and eating patterns related to the use of food delivery apps. A survey was conducted from March 22, 2019 to April 3, 2019. Of the total respondents, 77.2% reported that they had ordered food at least once using food delivery apps on smartphones. Further, 63.3% of the total subjects had ordered food delivery through smartphone apps once or twice a month, and the most preferred cuisine for food delivery was fast food, followed by Bunsik (Korean street food/snack), western food, and Chinese food. The average satisfaction scorefor food delivery apps was 3.8 points, and the satisfaction score was the highest with the convenient ordering process (4.0), followed by good taste (3.9) and good portion (3.8). The subjects who used smartphone food delivery apps three times or more a month showed a significantly higher frequency of instant food intake (p=0.0132), dining out (p=0.0282), and late-night eating (p=0.0047) than the subjects who ordered food using delivery apps less than three times a month. In conclusion, these study results may be applied as baseline data for dietary education among university students.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.126-133
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• 2014

This paper addresses order-lot pegging issues in the supply chain of a semiconductor business. In such a semiconductor business (memory or system LSI) order-lot pegging issues are critical to achieving the goal of ATP (Available to Promise) and on-time production and delivery. However existing pegging system and researches do not consider capacity limit on bottleneck steps. This paper presents an order-lot pegging algorithm for assigning a lot to an order considering quality constraints of each lot and capacity of bottleneck steps along the entire FAB. As a result, a quick and accurate response can be provided to customer order enquiries and pegged lot lists for each promised orders can be shown transparently and short or late orders can be detected before fixing the order.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2023

Ensuring the safe arrival of delivery cargo at its intended destination is of utmost importance. Truck drivers play a crucial role in guaranteeing the secure delivery of cargo without any mishaps. However, there are various factors that may lead to delayed arrival of trucks at their destination, such as late departures or prolonged loading operations. The timely departure of cargo transportation is contingent upon several variables, including the driver's experience, cargo volume, and loading time. If the transportation commencement is delayed, it may increase the risk of accidents due to an elevated operating speed. Consequently, we conducted a study to investigate the correlation between cargo loading time, cargo volume, driving experience, and the likelihood of accidents. Our findings indicate that both cargo volume and driver experience can impact the likelihood of vehicle accidents. Furthermore, all factors can have an interactive effect on the occurrence of accidents. However, extending the loading time may mitigate the impact on the likelihood of accidents.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.721-732
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary behavior and late-night eating habit of university students in Daejeon. Questionnaires were collected from 432 students and statistically analyzed according to residence type. One thirds of students took meals irregularly and skipped breakfast because of no time. Both Relative self-boarding and dormitory boarding group skipped breakfast more frequently than home group(p<0.01). The carbonated drink was most frequently chosen during late-night eating. The most favorite alcoholic beverage was soju and 54.7% of students drank soju 1~2 times per week near campus. Almost half of them took late-night foods 1~2 times per week at home(51.8%), near campus(25.8%), near home(15.6%), down town(6.9%). The percentage of late-night eating near campus was higher in dormitory boarding group than both home group and relative self-boarding group(p<0.001). Late-night foods were selected based on taste in 1~2 man won and enjoyed with 2~3 friends until 12 pm. The more in relative self-boarding group chose late-night foods based on taste than both home and dormitory boarding group(p<0.05). The main intake method for late-night foods was delivery. The results of this study suggest that nutritional education is required for relative self-boarding group to change dietary behavior and to select proper late-night foods for their health.