• 식물분류학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2017

The last four years of joint botanical collections by the governments of Myanmar and South Korea in Natma Taung National Park and adjacent areas in the Chin State of Myanmar have revealed the presence of 20 naturally occurring species of angiosperms new to the flora of Myanmar. Plants not previously recorded include species originally considered to be only found in neighboring mega-diverse countries. Examples (e.g., for India) include Boehmeria manipurensis Friis & Wilmot-Dear (Urticaceae), Trigonotis hookeri Benth. ex C. B. Clarke (Boraginaceae) and Mycetia radiciflora (C. B. Clarke) Airy Shaw (Rubiaceae); those for China include Microtoena delavayi Prain (Lamiaceae), Pimpinella kingdon-wardii H. Wolff (Apiaceae) and Senecio diversipinnus Y. Ling (Asteraceae). The data presented in this report are expected to be useful sources for phytogeographical studies of these species.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제94권1호통권158호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2005

본 연구는 강원도 평창 지역의 천연 활엽수림을 대상으로 입지유형별 임분의 생장 특성과 생태적 특성을 구명함으로써 각 임분 특성에 맞는 산림관리 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 연구 대상지를 방위, 해발고도, 지형 조건에 따라 36개의 입지유형으로 구분하고 각 입지유형별로 직경 생장량과 직경 생장률 그리고 Shannon-Wither의 다양성지수, 균재도, 풍부도를 파악하여 임분의 생장 특성과 생태적 특성을 비교 분석하였으며, 이를 근거로 산림관리 방안을 제시하였다. 임분의 생장 특성은 방위에 따라서는 동쪽 사면과 서쪽 사면이, 해발고도에 따라서는 서쪽 사면을 제외하고는 해발고도가 낮아짐에 따라, 그리고 지형 조건에 따라서는 사면과 계곡이 양호한 생장 상태를 유지하고 있었다. 생태적 특성은 적정한 습도 조건을 유지할 수 있는 지역으로 방위별로는 북쪽 사면과 서쪽 사면, 지형 조건별로는 계곡의 종 다양성이 높게 나타난 반면 해발고도에 따른 일정한 경향은 찾아볼 수 없었다. 입지유형별 산림관리 방안은 남쪽 사면과 동쪽 사면의 경우 임목 생장과 생태적 특성을 함께 고려한 무육작업이 필요한 반면 서쪽 사면과 북쪽 사면은 생장 촉진을 위주로 한 밀도조절이 필요한 것으로 파악되었다. 해발고도에 따라서는 저지대는 생태적 특성을 고려한 무육관리가 필요하며, 고지대와 중지대는 직경 생장률이 2% 미만인 지역에 대해서는 생장 촉진을 위한 무육작업이 시급한 것으로 나타났다. 한편 지형 조건에 따라서는 남쪽 사면의 중지대와 고지대를 제외하고는 계곡의 생태적 안정성이 기장 양호한 것으로 나타나 친환경적 경영에 가장 적합한 지역으로 평가되었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제56권8호
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• pp.338-342
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• 2013

Purpose: Allergic disease and its comorbidities significantly influence the quality of life. Although the comorbidities of allergic diseases are well described in adult populations, little is known about them in preschool children. In the present study, we aimed to assess the prevalence and comorbidity of allergic diseases in Korean preschool children. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study comprising 615 Korean children (age, 3 to 6 years). Symptoms of allergic diseases were assessed using the Korean version of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire that was modified for preschool children. Comorbidities of allergic diseases were assessed by 'In the last 12 months, has your child had symptoms?'. Results: The prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis as recorded using the ISAAC questionnaire, within the last 12 months was 13.8%, 40.7%, and 20.8%, respectively. The symptom rates of allergic conjunctivitis, food allergy, and drug allergy were 14.8%, 10.4%, and 0.8%, respectively. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in children with asthma was 64.3% and that of asthma in children with allergic rhinitis was 21.6%. The prevalence of rhinitis in children with conjunctivitis was 64.8% and that of conjunctivitis in children with rhinitis was 23.6%. Conclusion: The prevalence of current rhinitis in our preschool children is shown to be higher than that previously reported. Allergic conjunctivitis is closely associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis. However, further studies are warranted to determine the prevalence and effects of these comorbidities on health outcomes in preschool children.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.573-584
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to perform a kinematic analysis of the high jump techniques of the three men's medalists at the 2011 IAAF Championships in Daegu (August 27-September 4, 2011). In particular, a three-dimensional coordinates method was used to analyze the last three strides before touchdown, the touchdown techniques, and the movements after takeoff toward the bar. An analysis of the, data for the biomechanical characteristics of the world's best high jumpers could contribute to an improvement in the performance of a national high jumper. The first conclusion of the data analysis was that the arm movements of the gold medalist, J. Williams, had a single arm form, whereas the arm movements of the other medalists were a double arm form. Second, the difference in the knee joint angles upon touchdown and toe-off was $10^{\circ}$. Third, J. Williams achieved his maximum CM height after takeoff (1.26 m) using the maximum flexion of his knee joint. Fourth, the foot contact duration of A. Dmitrik (0.11 s) was the shortest among the medalists, and the ratio for his transformation of horizontal velocity to vertical velocity was the greatest (75.25%) among the three. Last, the maximum CM height of T. Barry was the greatest, and his foot contact duration was the longest.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.653-662
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• 2003

Changes in the area of geo-ecosystem $(62^{\circ}09'S,\;58^{\circ}31'w)$ reflect climatic changes in the South Shetland Islands. Air temperature and deglaciation will increase. The ice-free space area at the SSSS 8- (ASPA 121) site has enlarged threefold during the last 21 years, thus creating conditions for inhabitation and succession. Wind, water and snow play important roles in transportation of geochemical components. They distribute nutrients, mineral substances, seeds, fragments of plants and animals, etc. Plant and animal colonization is patchy and it happens at random in an 'island' - like manner. The colonization pattern is dependant, to a high degree on physical factors. The newly uncovered ice-free areas are at first inhabited by a vascular plant known as the Deschampsia antarctica. The border of the land-oasis with Admiralty Bay is the place where the processes related to animal feeding at the sea and reproduction on the land take place. Bird colonies and pinniped lairs form centers of fertilization surrounded by high chemical gradients dependent on the direction of the flow of nutrients $(e.g.\;NH_4)$. During the last 25 years, the numbers of penguins in this region have decreased, and thus the amount of materials excreted on land has diminished. The numbers of fur seals change in multi-annual cycles, and their migration into this area is related to the E1 $Ni\~{n}o$ phenomenon. The numbers of elephant seals in the area did not change. Organic matter deposited by the sea onto the shore are a source of nutrients and deficient chemical elements on land. Mineral matter is washed out into the waters of Admiralty Bay. These processes change seasonally, and multi annually. Negative effects on the environment at Arctowski Station induced by man are slight, but noticeable nevertheless. Physical processes have the largest influence on the living conditions and distribution of plants and animals, and as a consequence, on the functioning of the geo-ecosystem in the coastal-shore zone of the Maritime Antarctic.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.346-350
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• 2009

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze in detail the relationship between outcome and time course of effect in medically refractory primary cervical dystonia (CD) with phasic type that was treated by bilateral globus pallidus internus (Gpi) deep brain stimulation (DBS). Methods : Six patients underwent bilateral implantation of DBS into the Gpi under the guide of microelectrode recording and were followed for $18.7{\pm}11.1$ months. The mean duration of the CD was $5.8{\pm}3.4$ years. The mean age at time of surgery was $54.2{\pm}10.2$ years. Patients were evaluated with the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) and relief scale using patient self-reporting. Results : The TWSTRS total scores improved by 64.5%, 65.5%, 75.8%, and 76.0% at 3, 6, 12 months, and at the last available follow-up after surgery, respectively. Statistically significant improvements in the TWSTRS scores were observed 3 months after surgery (p=0.028) with gradual improvement up to 12 months after surgery, thereafter, the improvement was sustained. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the scores at 3 and 12 months. Subjective improvement reported averaged $81.7{\pm}6.8%$ at last follow-up. Mild dysarthria, the most frequent adverse event, occurred in 3 patients. Conclusions : Our results show that the bilateral Gpi-DBS can offer a significant therapeutic effect from 3 months postoperatively in patients with primary CD with phasic type, without significant side effects.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.171-182
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 북한의 인구현황, 도로현황, 도로의 기능 및 역할을 살펴보았다. 또한, 남한과 중국의 도로망 및 Asian Highway와 연계할 수 있는 도로에 대해 남북축과 동서측 $5{\times}5$로 전망하였다. 추가적으로, 도로의 투자우선순위를 결정하기 위하여 평가항목 및 가중치를 산정하고 전문가그룹의 설문조사를 바탕으로 AHP 분석방법을 활용하였다. 분석결과 축별 우선순위는 남북축은 남북2축(개성~평양~안주~중국),남북5축, 남북1축, 남북3축, 남북4축 순으로 선정되었으며 동서축은 동서2축(남포~평양~원산), 동서1축, 동서3축, 동서4축, 동서5축 구간이 투자우선순위가 높은 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제80권3호
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• pp.257-264
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• 1991

우리나라는 1980년대초 산림녹화(山林綠化)를 달성하고, 본격적인 산림자원조성시대(山林資源造成時代)로 진입하게 되었다. 산지자원화(山地資源化)를 달성하기 위해서는 최근 대형화고 있는 산림화재(山林火災)에 대한 과학적인 관리체계수립이 절실히 요청된다. 본 연구(硏究)에서는 산림화재(山林火災)의 원인을 기상요인(氣象要因)과 인위적(人爲的) 요인(要因)으로 대별하여 산림화재(山林火災) 발생위험(發生危險)을 예측할 수 있는 Model을 개발하므로써 산림화재(山林火災)의 조기발견(早期發見) 및 진화(鎭火)를 가능케 하고 위험도가 높은 지역에 진화장비(鎭火裝備) 및 진화인원(鎭火人員)을 사전에 배치하는 등, 과학적인 산림화재방지(山林火災防止)의 이론적(理論的) 기초(基礎)를 제공하고자 수행하였다. (1) 기상인자(氣象因子)를 이용한 산화위험율추정(山火危險率推定)은 선형확율(線形確率)모델(LPM)을 기초로 하여 여러 시계열 기상인자를 독립변수(獨立變數)로 하고 산화발생의 유무(有無)를 종속변수(從屬變數)로 한 WLS분석(分析)을 수행하여 확률모델화 하였다. (2) 인위적요인(人爲的要因)에 의한 산화위험율추정(山火危險率推定)은 산화발생건수를 이용하여 각(各) 시(市) 군별(郡別) 잠재위험등급(潛在危險等級)을 산정하고, 산화발생사례를 원인별로 규명하여 각 원인들이 전체 산화에서 차지하는 비율에 각 원인별로 산화전문가의 주관적인 판단에 의해 위험등급을 매겨 당일(當日) 산화위험지수(山火危險指數)를 작성해서, 잠재위험등급(潛在危險等級)과 당일산화지수(當日山火指數)를 조합(組合)하여 인위적(人爲的)인 요인(要因)에 의한 산화위험을 지수화(指數化)하였다. (3) 앞의 기상요인(氣象要因)에 의한 산화위험(山火危險) Model에 지난 8년간의 기상자료를 대입하여 얻은 확률들을 기준으로 위험수준을 일정구분하여, 이를 인위적(人爲的)인 요인(要因)에 의한 산화발생지수(山火發生指數)와 조합하여 최종(最終) 산화발생위험지수(山火發生危險指數)를 작성하였다.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2011

With the discovery of WooJam JabJeo, Jang-Taegyung[1809~1887] was highlighted as a noted doctor who won fame in the neighborhood of Gwangju, but with 'WoodJam Mango' seeing the light of day, this study was able to confirm the appearance of a literary man enjoying a reputation enough to sway literary circles with his writing of poems. It's possible to confirm his past related to medical service only until age of 42, which is because description in "WooJam JabJeo" came to a halt there. The situation is that the contents of 'WooJam Mango' started from age of 46 and were carried on even until after his death by his followers. Therefore, there exists a very intense impression that he might have put a focus on the life as a literary man ever after his mid-40s. and considering that he breathed his last at the age of 79, it's not difficult for us to estimate that his life was predominantly a series of literary activities rather than a health care provider. The place names appearing in "WooJam JabJeo" and "WooJam Mango" are limited to today's Jeonlanam-do, and this researcher would say that the through-composed poems, which sang of the beauty of Gwangju area scenery are the works, deserve to get a spotlight in local history even today. Through the above discussion, this study could prove that WooJam is a flawless figure enough to represent Gwangju and Jeonlanam-do as a health care provider and a literary person as well.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.307-318
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• 2001

Objective : Surgical experiences of pseudoaneurysms such as traumatic, mycotic and ill-defined unknown causes of aneurysms are rare. The authors have studied the results of surgical management from such cases in our series. Patients and Method : In the last 17 years, 1320 patients with cerebrovascular aneurysms were managed surgically. Among these, 16 patients showed the pseudoaneurysms. The authors analyzed retrospectively the clinical characteristics, treatment methods, management outcomes and problems in the managements. Results : There were 6 patients with traumatic aneurysm, 4 mycotic aneurysms and 6 ill-defined unknown causes of aneurysm. The sites of traumatic aneurysms were cavernous portion of the internal carotid artery(n=3), distal portion of the anterior cerebral artery (n=2) and vertebral artery(VA : n=1). Good outcomes in 5 cases could be obtained by extracranial - intracranial bypass followed by parent vessel occlusion or resection of aneurysm followed by re-anastomosis of parent vessel. The sites of mycotic aneurysm were peripheral portions of middle cerebral artery(MCA : n=3) and posterior cerebral artery(PCA : n=1). The outcomes of the patients with a mycotic aneurysm were relatively poor. It was partially due to the development of new aneurysm after treatment in one. The sites of ill-defined unknown causes of aneurysm were extracranial carotid artery(n=3), V2 portion of the VA(n=1), peripheral portion of the PCA (n=1) and MCA(n=1). Good outcome in all cases could be obtained by resection of aneurysm with or without saphenous vein graft. Conclusion : For the treatments of cerebrovascular pseudoaneurysm, combinations of aggressive medical, endovascular and surgical managements seem mandatory. Insertion of stent for a extracranial carotid artery aneurysm and coiling for a peripheral mycotic aneurysm can be option in future.