• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.151-155
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• 2011

Background and Objectives : Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) originates from regurgitation of gastric contents to the laryngopharynx, and it is relatively common disease in otolaryngology. Proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) medication is frequently using treatment method in present time, but controversies exist regarding treatment for it. High-resolution manometry (HRM) system is a newly developed device that using 36 channels and pressure topography plotting program, checking the function and status of esophagus. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical usefulness of HRM in LPRD patients who do not response to PPI medication. Subjects and Method : From July 2009 to July 2010, a total of 99 patients who were suspected LPRD according to symptoms (Reflux Symptom Index >13) and laryngoscopic findings (Reflux Finding Score >7) were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Patients were consisted of 31 men and 68 women, the mean age was 51.8 years, the mean BMI was 22.46. Patients have taken PPI medication for 2 months, after medication, they performed HRM. Comparative analysis was performed with results of the difference in symptoms. Results : In 99 patients, 37 patients (37.4%) show not improvement of LPRD symptoms after PPI medication. Among them, 18 patients (48.6%) showed abnormal findings that were classified as Peristaltic dysfunction (38.9%), Diffuse esophageal spasm (11.1%), Relaxation impairment of LES (11.1%), Achalasia (5.6%), Hypotensive LES (11.1%), Relaxation impairment of UES (11.1%), Nutcracker esophagus (5.6%), Decreased resting pressure (5.6%). Other 62 patients (62.6%) show improvement of LPRD symptoms, 23 patients (37.1%) showed abnormal findings. Most common finding was Peristaltic dysfunction (43.4%) More prevalent abnormal findings of HRM were found in patients who revealed no response to PPI medication (48.6% vs. 37.1%), but it does not reach the statistical significance. Conclusion : Although statistical significances is not showed, the difference observed in the frequency of HRM abnormal finding between response and no response for PPI medication. It has been estimated that HRM may be used to determine differential diagnosis in patients with LPRD. Further studies in lager population containing normal controls will be needed to prove clinical usefulness.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.136-141
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• 2008

Background and Objectives: Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a very common disease among outpatients of department of otorhinolaryngology. Although there are several diagnostic tools for LPR disease and ambulatory 24-hour double-probe pH monitoring is gold standard method, empirical diagnosis by reflux symptom index and reflux finding score (RFS) are mainly used. So we analyzed the relationship between ambulatory 24-hour double-probe pH monitoring and RFS in patients with LPR. Subjective and Method: Fifty patients with LPR symptoms and abnormal RFS and ambulatory 24-hour double probe monitoring were enrolled. Each items and sum of laryngeal reflux score were compared the results of ambulatory 24-hour double-probe pH monitoring in upper (UES) and lower (LES) esophageal sphincter. Results: There were no significant correlation between the results of ambulatory 24-hour double-probe pH monitoring in UES (pH<4 and pH<5) and each item and sum of RFS. However, supine time and reflux number of UES (pH<5) were showed the partial correlations with diffuse laryngeal edema and thick endolaryngeal mucus (p=0.03, p=0.01). Although there were no relationship between the results of ambulatory 24-hour double-probe pH monitoring in LES and sum of RFS, the significant correlations presented between granuloma and total time (p=0.008), upright time (p=0.008, reflux number (p=0.049) of LES. Conclusion: Although granuloma among items of RFS showed significantly correlation with the results of ambulatory 24-hour double-probe pH monitoring in LES, there were no significant correlation between the results of ambulatory 24-hour double-probe pH monitoring in UES and LES and items and sum of RFS.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.81-89
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• 1983

1982년 9월부터 11월까지 사이에 경기도(京畿道) 일원의 소에서 발열(發熱), 구내염(口內炎), 연하장애(嚥下障碍)를 나타내는 질병(疾病)이 유행성(流行性)으로 발생하였다. 이와같은 질병(疾病)은 같은시기에 충청남도(忠淸南道), 강원도(江源道), 전라남도(全羅南道) 및 경상남도(慶尙南道)의 일부지역에서도 산발적으로 발생하였고, 특징적인 임상소견(臨床所見)으로서 확인된 발생두수(發生頭數)는 73두에 달하였다. 이 질병(疾病)에서 관찰된 주요 병변(病變)은 구강점막(口腔粘膜), 인후두(咽喉頭), 식도(食道) 및 사위(四胃)의 수종(水腫), 출혈(出血), 변성(變性) 및 괴사(壞死)이었으며 이들 병변(病變)중에서도 식도(食道)와 인후두근육(咽喉頭筋肉)의 초자양변성(硝子樣變性)과 출혈(出血)은 진단적(診斷的)인 소견(所見)으로 간주되었다. 특징적인 임상소견(臨床所見)을 보인 소에서 채취한 혈청(血淸)에서 Ibaraki바이러스에 대한 중화항체(中和抗體)가 증명되었다. 이상과 같은 임상(臨床), 역학적(疫學的), 병리학적(病理學的) 및 혈청학적(血淸學的) 소견(所見)에 의하여 질병(疾病)은 Idaraki병(病)이라고 진단(診斷)되었으며 일본(日本) 이외지역의 발생보고는 처음인 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
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• 제61권12호
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• pp.692-696
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• 2018

Background and Objectives This study investigated the relationship between reflux symptom index (RSI) and psychiatric problems such as depression, somatization, and anxiety. Subjects and Method We prospectively analyzed 231 patients with symptoms with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) using the RSI and the reflux finding score. Results Seventy nine patients (34.2%) were diagnosed with LPR. A significant correlation was detected between the RSI and depression ($18.4{\pm}8.3$ vs. $12.3{\pm}7.0$, p<0.001), anxiety ($19.5{\pm}8.5$ vs. $13.0{\pm}7.3$, p<0.001), and somatization ($19.2{\pm}9.1$ vs. $13.6{\pm}7.5$, p<0.001). A multivariate analysis confirmed a significant association between heartburn and depression [odds ratio (OR): 1.241, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.003-1.537, p=0.047], choking and anxiety (OR: 1.747, 95% CI: 1.297-2.352, p<0.001), and choking and somatization (OR: 1.707, 95% CI: 1.248-2.336, p=0.001). Conclusion Our preliminary results suggest that patients with high RSI may need to be carefully evaluated for psychiatric problems.

• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기관식도과학회 1982년도 제16차 학술대회연제순서 및 초록
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• pp.7.4-8
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• 1982

오늘 날, 물질 문명이 고도로 발달함에 따라 인두 및 인두 손상이 날로 증가하는 경향을 보이고 있다. 교통 사고나 운동 경기는 폐쇄적 외상을 일으키기 쉽고 빈도는 적지만 심각한 증상을 초래하는 개방적 외상의 원인으로는 총상이나 자상 등을 들 수 있다. 인후두의 개방적 외상에서 가장 문제가 되는 것은 적절한 치료에 있다. 이 부위의 외상은 손상의 정도나 범위에 따라 차이는 있지만 신속한 처치가 요구되고 협착이나 누출 등과 같은 심각한 후유증을 남기기 때문에 적절한 치료 방법이 요구되는 것이다. 일반적으로 이에 대한 치료는 적절한 기도 유지를 위한 기관절개술과 단순 봉합등을 일차적으로 시행하고 차후에 후유증에 대한 이차 수술을 시행하는 것이 보통이다. 최근, 저자들은 자상으로 인해 인두 뿐만 아니라 인두까지 광범위한 개방적 외상을 입고 이차 감염까지 일으켜 인후두 조직 및 전경부 피부의 심한 결손을 보인 환자에게 잔여 후두 적출술을 시행한 후 피부봉이나 육경피부변을 사용하지 않고 전경부 피부변을 이용해서 피부 결손부를 얻었기에 문헌적 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.49-52
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• 2016

The lobular capillary hemangioma (LCH) was previously known to pyogenic granuloma and is benign vascular lesion which grows rapidly on skin and mucosa. It arises from whole body, but oral and nasal cavities are most predilection sites in the head and neck area. The laryngeal LCH looks like a granulomatous lesion of posterior glottis and its common etiology are tracheal intubation and laryngopharyngeal reflux disease etc. The LCH in larynx can cause blood tinged sputum and lump sense. The lesions refractory to medical therapy or causing dyspnea may require surgical excision. A 74-year-old man who presented gradually aggravated dyspnea, lump sensation and hoarseness of one month came to our hospital. The stroboscopic examination revealed large well-margined glottic mass. It was excised with $CO_2$ laser and finally diagnosed as LCH. We present a rare unique case of glottic LCH with a review of literatures.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.5-8
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• 2001

Background and Objectives： Complications arising from endotracheal intubation are uncommon but, when they do occur, can be significant. Placement of an endotracheal tube frequently results in trauma to the underlying laryngeal and tracheal tissue, although the trauma is usually reversible. Occasionally, these changes can be of a more permanent nature and result in severe impairment of the airway and/or voice. It is proposed that a common factor-gastroesophageal reflux-might be responsible. This study was performed in order to develop the animal model of LPRD using rats and investigated that LPRD could produce significant damage to larynx especially vocal cords. Materials and Methods : The each four rats were used in the experiment and control study. Each was anesthetized and larynx was exposed and injured in the unilateral aritenoid. Injured site was contact with normal saline(control group) and synthetic gastric juice(experimental group). The larynx was examined after 7days in normal environment. Results : All was survived in the control group and two was survived in the experimental group. In the control group, some inflammation cells was found but in the experimental group, granulation was found. Conclusion : We developed animal model of LPRD using rat and thought LPRD may Play an important role in the development of permanent laryngeal injury.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2020

We present four cases of aberrant carotid arteries manifesting as pharyngeal masses with throat discomfort. The symptoms of this anomaly are very similar to those of laryngopharyngeal reflux or globus pharyngeus. The identification of this anomalous artery is essential for the head and neck surgeon because the anomaly frequently manifests as a symptomatic pulsatile mass in the pharynx. All patients complained of foreign body sensation in the throat and showed protrusion of the posterolateral pharyngeal wall anteromedially. CT scans demonstrated that there were two cases involving the right common carotid artery (CCA) and two cases involving both CCAs in the retropharyngeal space. As conclusion, the aberrant course of the artery can occur on both sides of CCAs, and it can manifest as a pharyngeal mass. When the patients complain of foreign body sensation in the throat without any other abnormal findings in the pharynx, we should consider the possibility that it may be due to the aberrant course of the CCA and its bifurcations in the retropharyngeal space.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2022

Hunminjeongeum had 17 initial consonant letters. Among them, five consonant letters, those are ㄱ (牙音, molar sound letter), ㄴ (舌音, lingual sound letter), ㅁ(脣音, labial sound letter), ㅅ (齒音, dental sound letter), ㅇ (喉音, guttural sound letter), were served as chief consonants. There was no argument that consonant letters were made by symbolizing the shape of vocal organs during phonation of them. It could be phoniatrically explained that all of five chief consonants were morphologically symbolized from left lateral view of vocal tract during articulation. Although 'ㄱ' was known as molar sound, it was not modeled the shape of molar tooth but modeled the shape of tongue at molar teeth bearing area. The same principle applies to 'ㅅ', and it was represented the shape of upper surface of anterior tongue instead of incisor teeth. 'ㄴ' was a lingual sound and directly shaped the shape of tongue. 'ㄷ' was made by addition of a stroke 'ㅡ' meaning hard palate above 'ㄴ'. 'ㅁ' was represented the shape of lateral view of anterior mouth. 'ㅇ' was looked like shaping left lateral view of laryngopharyngeal space.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2017

Background and Objectives: Gastric acid reflux is known to be the most important cause of contact granuloma. Therefore, anti-gastric acid reflux medication has been used as the first line treatment although there are other treatment methods such as surgery or steroid injections. Actually, the role of surgery in the treatment of contact granuloma has not been established clearly. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of surgical treatment for contact granuloma. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 14 patients who were diagnosed with contact granuloma and treated with surgery from 2011 to July 2016 at Hanyang University hospital. Results: Of 14 patients, 9 (64.3%) were male and 5 (27.4%) were female. The mean age was 53.8 (${\pm}6.1$) years. The main symptoms were voice change followed by globus, dyspnea, and asymptomatic. Mean Reflux Finding Score (RFS) before surgery was 13.5 and mead Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) was 10.4. The causes of surgery were inadequate response to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) in 4 cases, airway obstruction with large granuloma in 8 cases, and differential diagnosis in 2 cases. Of 14 patients, recurrence occurred in 8 (53.3%) patients after surgery. In 8 recurrent cases, 5 patients showed complete remission and 3 patients showed partial remission with PPI medication. Conclusion: The role of surgery in the treatment of contact granuloma might be limited due to high recurrence rate.