• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.341-345
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• 1998

Soil solutions were collected by zero-tension lysimeters at Kwangju, Kyunggi Province to estimate differences in ion concentration among species and horizons. Zero-tension lysimeters were installed in O, A, and B horizons in Larix leptolepis, Pinus koraiensis, and Quercus mongolica stands. Soil solution samples were collected from September 1996 through August 1998 and analyzed for $K^+$, $NA^+$, $NH_4^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Al^{3+}$, $Cl^-$, $SO_4^{2-}$, $NO_3^-$, and $PO_4^{3-}$. The experimental site had high nitrogen loading from the atmosphere, and $NO_3^-$ was positively correlated with $K^+$ and $Mg^{2+}$. However, $NO_3^-$ and $NH_4^+$ showed a positive correlation only in the O horizon of Q. mongolica stand. Mg^(2+) deficit in the soil was predicted owing to the positive relationship of $Mg^{2+}$ with $NO_3^-$. Concentrations of $K^+$ and $Ca^{2+}$in soil solution were estimated higher in L. leptolepis than in other stands because of high leaching from the plant. Concentration of $Al^{3+}$ in soil solution was negatively correlated with soil solution pH. Mean soil solution pH of A and B horizons in P. koraiensis was lower than 4.7, however the $Al^{3+}$ concentration was lower than the toxic level to plants.

• 한국생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.77-77
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• 1998

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.07a
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• pp.115.1-115
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• 1998

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.211-218
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• 1985

To establish the weed control in transplanted bed of Pinus koraiensis and Larix leptolepis, alachlor, simazine, terbutryn, pendimethalin, oxyfluorfen and amitrol/2,4-D/methabenthiazuron (ustinex) were used by soil treatment and foliage application at 7days after transplantion of seedling. From the of soil treatment, grasses such as Dimeria ornithopoda, Alopecurus aequalis, Agropyron tsukushiense and Setaria verticillata were effectively controVed by 85 to 90% at the respective recommended rate of oxyfluorfen, alachlor and terbutryn. At the application rate of recommentation simazine, oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin and terbutryn respectively controlled 70 to 80% of broad-leaved weeds such as Erigeron annuus, Portulaca olearcea, Cerastium arvense, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Commelina commuis, Chenopodium hybridum and Stellaria alsine. Ustinex and oxyfluorfen were very effective for the control of perennials such as Artemisia princeps and Calystegia japonica. Initial sympton of phytotoxicity and decrease of growth in P. koreaiensis and L. leptolepis were not found by soil treatment and those in P. koraiensis was not shown by foliage application of all tested herbicides. But L. leptolepis foliage-applied with ustinex, oxyfluorfen, terbutryn and pendimethalin was great in early phytotoxicity and severe in growth inhibition.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2001

This study was carried out to elucidate the relationship between wood anatomy and the water flow path in P. koraiensis and L. leptolepis. through the experiment of penetration of the dye solution. The experiment was performed by permeating 1% acid, alkali and direct solution into the xylem just after being cut. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. In P. koraiensis and L. leptolepis, the dye solution penetrated into sapwood and annual rings adjacent to cambial zone were only dyed according to ascent of tree height. 2. The penetrability of latewood was better than that of earlywood. 3. In P. koraiensis and L. leptolepis, the main water flow path in longitudinal direction was the trachied and that in transverse direction was ray trachied and ray parenchyma. Also, the dye solution was found in resin canal. 4. P. koraiensis was more permeable than L. leptolepis. 5. Among the acid, alkali and direct dye solution, the acid dye solution was the most permeable.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.83 no.2
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• pp.205-210
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• 1994

This study was conducted to develop a method of mass production by cutting of superior genotypes of Larix leptolepis and to examine the effects of ortet age, clone, crown position, and an applied plant growth substance upon the rooting of cuttings. Four different ortet ages, 2, 8, 16 and 30 years and three levels of root-promoting substances, indole butyric acid(IBA), at 1000, 2000, and 5000ppm were employed. Greenwood cuttings were taken from mother trees in late July and rooted for three months in rooting medium containing peatmoss : vermiculite : perlite(1 : 1 : 1 by volume). with temperature controlled at $20-25^{\circ}C$, humidity by intermittent misting and light by partial shading in the greenhouse. Cuttings treated with 1000ppm IBA showed highest rooting, with 80%, 71%, 52%, 25% for 2-, 8-, 16-. 30-year-old ortet, respectively. Untreated cuttings showed rooting of 52%, 48%, 36%, 20% for the ortet age of 2, 8, 16, 30 years, respectively. The average number of adventitious roots decreased with increasing ortet age from 2 to 30 years, whereas IBA treatment increased the number of roots in all ages. A variation in rooting among 20 clones tested was observed. The 4 clones, Chungnam 6, and 7 and Chonbuk 1, and 9 showed good rooting of about 67%, while Kangwon 49 showed boor rooting of 40% at 1000ppm IBA treatment. When crown position was compared, cuttings taken from middle crown showed highest rooting of 60%, while cuttings from upper crown showed lowest rooting of 53%.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.79 no.4
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• pp.419-423
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• 1990

This study was carried out to investigate the cause of pith-damaged wood formation, the state of growth, and difference of chemical composition of Japanese Larix(L. leptolepis Gorden). 1. Larix grew normaly to 10 years, and the volume increment was 32.4%. But it was gradually decreased to 19.4% from 11 to 13 years that the heartwood damage was occurred. Therefore, the volume increment was decreased 13%. The decayed wood was formed from fire wound portion of bark by forest fire. The volume loss from pith-dagmaged wood occurred by forest fire was more than 20%. 2. On the ash content, heartwood(0.05%) and pith-damaged wood(0.08%) was lower than sapwood(0.29%). The difference of extractive contents are considered the reason. It is considered that this ash content difference is depend upon the extractive contents among sap, heart and decayed wood parts. Holocellulose contents were from 54.3% to 59.3% and there were no difference among heartwood, pith-damaged wood, and sapwood, On the pentosan contents, heartwood(6.3%) and pith-damaged wood(6.6%) were higher than sapwood. Lignin contents of pith-damaged wood was tower than heartwood (34.4%). This seems to weaken all kinds of wood strength.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.5
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• pp.736-743
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• 2010

This study examined the ecological attributes of classified forest community by cluster analysis in the mixed forest of Mt. Seokbyung Experimental Forest of Gangwon-Do. The vegetation data were collected in randomly established 51 sample plots (2.04 ha) and analysis adopted the cluster analysis, importance value index, and Shannon's diversity index. Main results were as follows; 1) the study area was classified into 4 clusters (A, B, C and D). 2) The cluster A was dominated by Pinus densiflora with an importance value of 71.6%. The most dominant species in the cluster B and cluster C were Larix leptolepis (57.1%) and Quercus mongolica (40.2%), respectively. Finally, The cluster D was dominated by P. densiflora (30.6%) and Q. mongolica (31.0%) with the mixed forest. 3) In the P. densiflora community (cluster A), distribution of DBH class showed a reverse J-shaped curve. In the L. leptolepis community (cluster B), individuals of dominant species had the bell-shaped distribution. Oak species indicated uniform distribution of DBH class (under 25 cm) in the mixed P. densiflora - Q. mongolica community (cluster D). 4) The species diversity index of the communities in descending order were: Pinus densiflora - Q. mongolica community > Larix leptolepis community > Pinus densiflora community > Quercus mongolica community.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.67-71
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• 2004

This study was carried out to evaluate soil carbon and nutrient storage of three adjacent coniferous plantations (Larix leptolepis, Pinus densiflora and Pinus rigitaeda) growing on a similar site with a same planting age (42-year old) in the Sambong Exhibition Forests, Hamyang-gun, Gyungsangnam-do. The soil carbon concentration among three plantations was not significantly different in 0∼10cm soil depth, but other two depths (10∼20cm and 20∼30cm) showed higher carbon concentration in P. densiflora plantation than the other two plantations. The exchangeable cation concentrations (Ca and Mg) in 0∼10cm depth were significantly lower in L. leptolepis plantation than in the other two plantations, while nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were not significantly different among three plantations except for nitrogen at 10∼20cm depth in P. rigitaeda plantation. Soil carbon storage in 0∼20cm depth of three plantations was unaffected by the stand types. Soil nutrient storage was not significantly different at each depth except for nitrogen storage at 10∼20cm depth in P. rigitaeda plantation because of the variation of bulk density and coarse fragment. This result demonstrates that soil carbon and nutrient concentrations among the plantations on a similar soil condition can be altered significantly by tree species effects over 40 years after plantation establishment.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 1997

일본잎갈나무잎을 채취하여 아세톤 : 물 (7 : 3, v/v) 의 혼합용액으로 추출한 후 에틸아세테이트용성 화합물과 수용성 화합물로 분리하였으며 Sephadex LH-20으로 충진한 칼럼을 사용하여 화합물을 단리 하였다. 단리 화합물을 확인하기 위하여 셀룰로오스 박층 크로마토그래피(TLC)를 실시한 후 자외선 램프 하에서 관찰하였다. 바닐린 발색제를 분무히여 정색반응을 조사하고 $R_r$ 값을 구하였다. 단리된 화합물들의 구조는 $^1H$-NMR과 $^{13}C$-NMR 스펙트럼을 이용하여 그 구조를 규명하였으며 에틸아세테이트용성 화합물에서는 (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, kaempferol-O-arabinofuranoside와 kaempferol-3-O-arabinopyranoside, 수용성 화합물에서는 apigenin-8-C-rhamnosyl-($1"'{\rightarrow}2"$)-glucoside(2"-O-rhamnosylvitexin)을 단리 하였다.