• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.69-79
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to analyze the mid-term changes of beach and dune morphology at Sohwang beach, Korea using by Total Station. Measurements executed 4 times during two year. Based on ArcInfo as point cloud obtained through precise measurement data by Total Station, alteration of beach and dune was analyzed at DEM, of which cell size is about 1m. Since these artificial constructions have influenced current systems of this region, the large-scale sand movements above mentioned have occurred around the jetty and the sea-wall. There occurred sedimentation in the north of the Jetty and erosion in the south of the Jetty, which is installed at the central part of object area. The direction of recent topographic development does not coincide with that of wind, and, rather, topographic changes occurred mainly at beaches and dunes due to the transformation of coastal water flow caused by artificial structure nearby. If precise measurement is conducted periodically, and long term monitoring is carried out by installing equipment measuring movement pattern of sediment around artificial structure, cause of topographic change around the object area could be discovered.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.567-572
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• 2013

Mammals act as an important role in maintaining ecosystem, but direct observation is very difficult. Nevertheless, in order to understand the impact of various changes about a sudden environment, long-term monitoring through direct investigation is essential. This study investigated home range analysis using GPS tracking device and behavioral ecology of Korean waterdeer (Hydropotes inermis), indigenous and native species in Korea. Studies on ecological characteristics and home range of Korean waterdeer are insufficient. Therefore, we studied home range using the GPS technique for critical point of existing research. Data showed the active movement in daytime ($44.1km^2$) than night ($30.0km^2$) and large area of activity in winter ($3.7km^2$) and spring ($44.1km^2$) than summer($0.04km^2$) and autumn ($0.01km^2$). The most used area of Korean waterdeer was forested area and wetland, agricultural area, waters in order of frequency based on the land coverage map. Our research represents overall characteristics of Korean water deer due to measurement of area of activity. However, this research signified behavioral ecology for Korean waterdeer, and further investigation in necessary.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.705-712
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• 2001

It is of great importance to represent the directional ocean waves in a laboratory basin for hydraulic model tests. The directional ocean waves can be expressed as a linear superposition of a large number of component waves with different frequencies and propagating directions. The aim of the study is to check the wave generating characteristics by serpent-type wave generating system in PKNU (Pukyong National University) which is composed of 10 piston-type wave generators. In the experiment, spatial variation of irregular wave heights and propagating angles are measured in the multi-directional wave maker basin. Target wave directional spectrum is reproduced in the area of multi-directional wave maker basin. The directional spreading of the generated waves varied spacially in the basin. They differed from target spectrum as the measurement point becomes far from the center line normal to the generator face, The effective generation area where that target can be reproduced is limited to the triangular area attached the generator face. According to the results, it is emphasized that the effective experiment area in the basin considered wave generator characteristics should be determined in consideration of experimental conditions including structural shapes, water depth, wave directionality etc.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1285-1285
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• 2001

For NIR measurements of papers normally diffuse reflectance accessories are used which can provide a large sampling area. The in-line process control FT-NIR spectrometer MATRIX-E enables the contactless measurement of paper samples of low silicone coat weights on label-stocks in a paper converting factory. For this study concentrations of silicone between 0 and 2 g/$m^2$ on various paper substrates were included in a quantitative method. The aim was to achieve an absolute value for the deviation from the target value of 1 g/$m^2$ during continuous movement of the paper with velocities around 400 numinute. Influences from the uncoated paper type due to supplier, color, opacity, area densities, pre-coating as well as different compounds of the agent silicone were investigated and it was found that all these papers can be represented in one PLS-model. Especially the fact that silicone as an element is present in clay coated papers is of no consequence to the measurements with MATRIX-E. Moreover during in-line installations the variation of the moisture contents in the moving paper due to variable machine velocities as well as the reflecting material of the cylinder have to be considered. It is shown that the result of the in-line calibration has the same prediction ability compared to lab scale results(Root Mean Square Error of Cross-Validation RMSECV = 0.034 g/$m^2$).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1193-1193
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• 2001

For NIR measurements of papers normally diffuse reflectance accessories are used which can provide a large sampling area. The in-line process control FT-NIR spectrometer MATRIX-E enables the contactless measurement of paper samples of low silicone coat weights on label-stocks in a paper converting factory. For this study concentrations of silicone between 0 and 2 g/㎡ on various paper substrates were included in a quantitative method. The aim was to achieve an absolute value for the deviation from the target value of 1 g/㎡ during continuous movement of the paper with velocities around 400 m/minute. Influences from the uncoated paper type due to supplier, color, opacity, area densities, pre-coating as well as different compounds of the agent silicone were investigated and it was found that all these papers can be represented in one PLS-model. Especially the fact that silicone as an element is present in clay coated papers is of no consequence to the measurements with MATRIX-E. Moreover during in-line installations the variation of the moisture contents in the moving paper due to variable machine velocities as well as the reflecting material of the cylinder have to be considered. It is shown that the result of the in-line calibration has the same prediction ability compared to lab scale results (Root Mean Square Error of Cross-Validation RMSECV = 0.034 g/㎡).

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.383-388
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• 2014

This study was examined the physical characteristics (geometry, yield strength, thousand-seeds weight, true density, and moisture content) required for mechanization-related technologies such as (harvesting, washing, transport, and drying). Large differences in the size and shape of boxthorn berries(Jangmyeong, Bullo, Chungmyeong, and Hokwang) are used to analyze these physical properties. The average diameter, volume, surface area, and sphericity rate are calculated using long and short diameters of the boxthorn berry according to its variety. Hokwang has the largest measured surface area, and Bullo, the smallest. Average yield strength is 1.78 kPa and the mechanical pressure of soft boxthorn berries is not more than 1 kPa. Bullo has the highest true density. The optimum drying time for the measurement of moisture content is 4 hours at the drying temperature of $100^{\circ}C$.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.123-133
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• 2023

This paper proposes a thermography-based coating thickness estimation method for steel structures using model-agnostic meta-learning. In the proposed method, a halogen lamp generates heat energy on the coating surface of a steel structure, and the resulting heat responses are measured using an infrared (IR) camera. The measured heat responses are then analyzed using model-agnostic meta-learning to estimate the coating thickness, which is visualized throughout the inspection surface of the steel structure. Current coating thickness estimation methods rely on point measurement and their inspection area is limited to a single point, whereas the proposed method can inspect a larger area with higher accuracy. In contrast to previous ANN-based methods, which require a large amount of data for training and validation, the proposed method can estimate the coating thickness using only 10- pixel points for each material. In addition, the proposed model has broader applicability than previous methods, allowing it to be applied to various materials after meta-training. The performance of the proposed method was validated using laboratory-scale and field tests with different coating materials; the results demonstrated that the error of the proposed method was less than 5% when estimating coating thicknesses ranging from 40 to 500 ㎛.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.975-978
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• 2007

This paper investigates stage acoustics in concert halls for ensemble performance in terms of stage support parameters. A concert hall with large stage area was selected. Objective measurements were carried out according to Gade's methods for investigating stage support (ST1). The sound field on the stage was evaluated using stage and audience acoustical parameters. According to the positions at stage, different acoustical characteristics were found. Higher ST1 and lower $IACC_{E3}$ were measured near side and rear stage walls. In case of conductor/soloist vs. orchestra player, objective measurement of acoustical parameters shows that early sound fields depend on the source-receiver distance but late sound fields depend on the location of side and rear walls. In addition, in-situ evaluation of the trio instrumentalists was carried out. Results show that ensemble is favored by higher early reflection of sounds and sound diffusion affecting ‘blending’ of their performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.63-71
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• 1992

Generally, Web & Flange of I shape beam are composed of plane for optimization of measurement in investigating the behavior resistant to horizontal force and bending moment on large section Therefore, longitudinally traperzoidal web section beam has an important function as a body for carrying more load and ensuring more support area. There is only a limited usefulness for analyzing the behavior of web section with opening. It is experimentally verified that this traperzoidal web section has a good resistant caopacity. conclustions on the above research results are as follows : 1) resistant capacity on the above can be more 15% increased than normal case 2) stiffener welding work and complexity of shopdrawing can be excluded in advance 3) traperzoidal section can be applied in structural practice.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.18 no.3 s.49
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• pp.64-68
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• 2003

Measurement of dried deposition for air pollutant was investigated in Gwang-ju Health college area for a year. The average value of air pollutants was investigated three times a month. Measured heavy metals and concentration of mass are not corelated. Heavy metals were thrown up air as state of large particles and they were moved by wind. Deposition of heavy metals and deposition velocities were high in the order of Fe > n > Cu > Pb > Cr and Pb > Fe > Cr > Zn > Cu, respectively. The pattems of deposition velocity of heavy metals for a year were much the same as each other except that Pb is faster than others.