• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.903-911
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• 2008

Association rule mining searches for interesting relationships among items in a given large database. Association rules are frequently used by retail stores to assist in marketing, advertising, floor placement, and inventory control. Many data is most quantitative data. There is a need for partitioning techniques to quantitative data. The partitioning process is referred to as binning. We introduce several binning methods ; parameter mean binning, equi-width binning, equi-depth binning, clustering-based binning. So we apply these binning methods to several distribution types of quantitative data and present the best binning method for association rule discovery.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.130-143
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• 2012

Franchise store retailing is taking on ever greater roles in business and commerce in China. The diverse product range, small-batch order, high frequency and time-specific requirements inherent in retail logistics make it the most complicated of all categories of logistics. In franchise store retailing, expanding business scales make trans-regional development a trend. Without a well-functioning logistic system, the standardized delivery of products would be held back, impacting trans-regional development strategy and operational costs. Therefore, the efficiency of franchise store retailing largely depends on logistical efficiency. The integrated and streamlined management of franchise stores depends in large measure on their logistical centers. As such, logistical centers constitute the key link and bears on core competitiveness in franchise store retailing. This thesis begins with an analysis of the current developments and four basic logistical models of franchise store retailing in China, proceeds to summarize developmental trends as well as focal issues and proposes an efficiency enhancing plan.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2012

Purpose - The objective of this paper is to suggest that a company's CRM activities have an effect on customer loyalty in the Korean retail industry. Typically, Korean customers use large local marts with convenience in the absence of any other choice. Therefore, this study aims to shed light on the fact that customers do not break away from their preferred retail stores, either owing to their stringent loyalty (the lie loyalty) or difficulty in turning to alternative choices. Research design, data, methodology - By surveying a sample of 200 hyper-markets through a questionnaire, and excluding dubious and missing responses, I obtained 181 samples to be included in the empirical analysis. The survey was conducted for two weeks during October 2011. AMOS and SPSS18 statistical packages were used for conducting statistical analysis for this study. This paper was developed using the concept of customer equity on CRM, which is known to have a positive impact on customer loyalty through the satisfaction and switching-barrier parameters. The hypothesis of this paper is that customer equity is composed of relationship equity, value equity and brand equity, and that the relationship equity variable has positive effects on the value equity and brand equity amongst other types of customer equity. Moreover, customer equity influences customer loyalty through parameters including customer satisfaction and switching costs in the Korean retail industry. Results - According to the results of the analysis, it was confirmed that relationship value had a positive effect (+) on all variables, including the perceived QoS (Quality of Service), store brand images, economic value, and store convenience. It was also confirmed that the assumption that the perceived QoS (Quality of Service), economic value, and store convenience had a positive effect on customer satisfaction was shown to be statistically significant, with a p-value below 0.05. Only the store brand value variable had an effect on the switching-cost variable with respect to the causal sequence of the variables, including the perceived QoS, store brand value, economic value, and store convenience. The remaining variables did not seem to influence the switching-cost variable. On the other hand, another effect showed that customer satisfaction had a statistically significant influence on the switching-costs variable. Moreover, the customer satisfaction and switching-cost variables also had a statistical influence on customer loyalty. Conclusions - The CRM activities had an influence on various variables (including perceived QoS, perceived economic value, store brand value, and store convenience) pertaining to customer values. Customer satisfaction and switching-cost had some effects on customer loyalty as a parameter. This confirms that stringent loyalty exists with respect to customer loyalty in the retail industry. The fact that the variable had such a statistically significant influence on the switching-cost and store brand equity variables means that consumers react to the reputation of a brand, confidence about the store, and quality confidence. The implications of this study in the retail industry should be further extended to devise strategies for customer retention.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2013

Purpose - Eggs are nutritionally complete and one of the most popular natural foods. Moreover, the poultry industry is one of the important food industries. However, early industrialization of the poultry industry on its own did not lead to further development compared to other livestock industries. In this study, we investigate what factors influence consumers' behavior and how consumers' understanding of retail business affects their propensity to consume. This study is different from other studies as it analyzes how the brand names of manufacturers and distribution companies affect the purchasing characteristics or actual purchase behavior of consumers in order to suggest how these manufacturers and distribution companies can increase their competitiveness. Research design, data, methodology - This study conducted a survey of 250 randomly selected egg purchasers in discount stores from January to April 2013. Consumers' purchase tendencies were calculated through frequency analysis. This result was then utilized using cluster analysis to draw a conclusion about which purchase tendency influenced consumers buying three different brands of eggs or whether this tendency really affected consumers. As a result, the outcomes of Hypotheses 2 and 3 were not clear so we drew a conclusion with our analysis of Hypothesis 1. Results - While the outcomes of Hypotheses 2 and 3 did not clearly indicate whether purchasing tendencies affected consumers when buying eggs, our analysis of Hypothesis 1 indicated that consumers were affected by the quality of the eggs rather than exterior factors such as the brand name. Thus, we concluded that it is important to promote the excellence of the quality of the eggs. Usually firms buy eggs from farms and repackage them in order to sell them. In this sense, if consumers were aware of this egg production process, and eggs were fairly distributed to retailers, large retail PB businesses would also be able to enhance their competitiveness. Conclusions - The brand, packaging, retail outlet, and other external features influenced the purchase of eggs to a certain degree, while shelf life, grade of the eggs, cleanliness, and other intrinsic characteristics had more influence. In particular, shelf life was the most important factor influencing purchase. Consumers were influenced not only by intrinsic characteristics of the eggs but also by large-scale producers' brands. Consumers relied upon the brand despite reduced competition because they found it difficult to identify shelf life and/or cleanliness. Small businesses and/or large-scale retailers can remain competitive by maintaining the freshness and cleanliness of the eggs. Further studies need to investigate areas in which consumers' cognition of the product is poor and/or the purchase inclination with regard to less developed industries such as eggs. In this study, the greatest problem was that consumers did not consume in accordance with the current situation as consumers have preferred fresh and clean eggs for a long time compared to purchase decisions based on external brands and/or packaging.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2017

최근 유통산업에서는 Future Store(미래형 매장)를 통해 효율적인 매장운영과 차별화된 고객 서비스를 창출하고 있다. 이러한 매장의 지능화는 IoT 등의 기술을 활용하여 적용되고 있으며 이로 인한 업무 프로세스의 개선을 통한 효율적인 매장운영과 고객의 쇼핑 편리성을 제공하기 위한 서비스 개발에 초점이 맞춰져 있다. 이러한 유통산업에서의 추세의 변화는 국내 유통업계에 이미 발전기를 거쳐 성숙기로 접어들고 있다는 의미이기도 하다. 미국 및 유럽 등 유통산업이 먼저 성숙한 국가의 경우에서도 최근의 추세는 운영의 효율성과 고객서비스를 극대화하는 방향으로 가고 있는데 가장 큰 이유는 이미 수많은 유통업체들이 포화상태에 이르러 경쟁에서 살아남기 위함이다. 본 논문은 유통 매장의 고객의 상품주문 후 수취 서비스의 자동화와 효율화를 위한 드라이브 스루 서비스에 대한 연구로서 고객이 구매하고자하는 상품을 주문하면 피킹 스케줄링 에이전트를 통해 적시에 상품 패킹 및 피킹 처리를 한다. 이후 고객이 매장 주차장에 입장하면 입장 정보와 파킹 위치를 파악하여 고객에게 신속하게 상품을 전달할 수 있도록 지원하는 서비스이다. 이를 위해 서비스 시스템 구성, 서비스 프로세스, 소프트웨어 에이전트에 의한 상품 피팅 스케쥴링 기법 및 주문상품 수취 및 확인 프로세스를 제안한다. 제안한 서비스는 유통매장 드라이브 스루 시스템, 유통매장 배송 시스템, 유통 물류 디지털 피킹 시스템, 실내외 대형 주차관리 시스템에 적용가능하며, 유통매장의 IoT 기술 적용을 통한 한 차원 높은 고객 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 장점이 있다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2011년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.749-752
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• 2011

스마트 폰의 보급에 맞추어 대형 백화점 및 대형 할인점들도 잇따라 애플리케이션을 출시하고 있다. 그러나 이들의 애플리케이션은 기존의 웹(web)을 바탕으로 했던 상품 정보 리스트, 검색, 장바구니 등의 기능을 단지 모바일 디바이스에 맞추어 그대로 이식하는 수준에 머물고 있다. 본 논문에서는 휴대성과 이동성의 장점을 가진 모바일 서비스 환경을 이용하여 대형 상점을 이용하는 고객이 상품의 현재 위치를 실시간으로 확인 할 수 있도록 도와주는 쇼핑 플래너 시스템의 개발 내용에 대해 기술한다. 본 시스템은 기존 상품을 단순 검색하는 방식에서 더 나아가 상품의 현재 위치를 대형 상점의 지도상에 표시해주고, 지도상에 표시된 상품의 행사 유무를 알려주며, 고객이 구매 계획했던 상품과 비교하여 구매하지 않은 상품을 구별 할 수 있도록 해준다. 스마트 모바일 환경에서 실행될 수 있는 이러한 기능들을 통해 고객은 좀 더 쉽고 빠르게 구매하려는 상품을 찾을 수 있으며, 더이상 상품의 위치 또는 재고여부를 파악하기 위해 고객이 직원을 찾아다니는 불편함을 해결 할 수 있게 된다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2017

Purpose - Since Korean distribution market was opened, the domestic environment in department stores has been changed by the pattern of consumption and consumer need based on income classes. As multilateral Free Trade Agreement (FTA) accelerates opening markets, the scale of circulating capital has become bigger. Large-scale commercial facilities have developed quickly as a form of a large shopping center, thus, the matter of choice and securing market area became an important valuable in this trend. Moreover, multi-complex space has been proposed as the goal of successful business with promoting the public benefit. Research design, data, and methodology - This research studied consumer behavior using data about the life style and sales of consumers, not statistical data or survey as previous studies. This research tried to find the differentiation in complex cultural space with consumption behavior of department store. Results - As the structure of society and culture was getting diverse and complex, economic growth and development with such diversity and complexity improved consumers' quality of life. The changes of consumer life style are quite natural like human instinct. Department stores have activated retail business with the products of accumulated technology. Moreover, they have created the space of consumption and culture. Because of these social and environmental changes, department stores are being developed as Multi-functional spaces as well as sale places considering the strategies of department and the changes of consumers' purchasing behaviors. Conclusions - Urban culture complex is a landmark standing for the culture era of 21st century. It has provided an opportunity for consumers to enjoy culture, and has been an important factor to improve company images. Based on these roles and needs, expectancy effects are related with consumer preference and space preference, and the attitude toward companies. Moreover, the expectancy effects from those relationships are getting bigger and bigger. We should respect nature, a characteristic of Korean architecture, maintain visual continuity that harmonies with nature in the development of the complex space of the domestic department stores, and should take significance in the development of the complex cultural space in the direction of feeling the hierarchy of the space to obtain the visual pleasure with the artificial structure.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.25-38
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• 2011

외환위기 이후 급격한 출점과 성장을 해온 대형마트 점포수가 이미 포화상태에 이르렀다는 우려의 목소리도 있지만 신규 출점은 계속적으로 지속될 전망이고 향후 대형마트 성장세는 둔화되나 점포수 등 외형적 성장은 계속되는 가운데 상품 차별화 추구, 고객니즈부응, 고마진획득 등이 지속적으로 가능해져 PB상품 개발이 불황 국면 극복을 위한 저성장 시대의 마케팅 전략의 하나로 자리 잡을 것으로 전망 된다. 또한 국내 3대 대형마트가 의류PB 브랜드를 계속적으로 출시, 확장하고 있는 상황과 운영전략에 대해 연구하고 이를 바탕으로 국내 대형마트의 PB의 성공사례와 문제점을 도출하여 PB의 필요성에 대해 차별화와 고이익 창출을 위한 성공적 전략 방안을 논의 하고자 한다. 본 연구는 대형 마트 PB의 개념과 전략 방안 및 성공사례와 전망을 살펴보고, 현재 전 세계적으로 빠른 성장을 보이는 PB를 단순히 유통업체가 상품을 유통시키면 된다는 제한된 역할 수행에서 벗어나, 제조업체가 지닌 유통 채널에 대한 지배력을 얻을 수 있다는 것을 의미 확장하여 설명하고자 한다. 이미 세계 주요 선진유통업체들은 자사의 상품차별화와 수익성향상을 위해 PB상품 개발에 많은 노력을 쏟고 있으며, 이를 통해 다국적전략 및 외형적 확장, 더불어 높은 재무성과를 창출하고 있는 좋은 사례는 쉽게 접할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 국내 할인점의 포화에 따른 새로운 대안을 위해서는 차별화된 PB운영 전략이 필요함을 국내3개 주요할인점 사례를 통해 제시하였다. 특히 의류 PB상품은 철저한 시장분석과 디자인트렌드 및 고객니즈를 반영한 상품개발로 차별화된 상품력 및 고마진 획득을 통해 출점 정체된 대형마트 지속성장에 새로운 돌파구를 마련하는 좋은 계기를 줄 수 있는 시사점을 제공하여 할인점 출점 한계에 따른 새로운 상품전략 방안을 제시하였다. 본 연구는 할인점 주요 3개사의 경영실적과 세계 몇 개국의 대표적인 PB성공사례를 중심으로 연구하여 국내 전체 소매 산업에 일반화하기에는 다소 무리가 있다. 향후에는 국내에 입점된 다국적 SPA 브랜드와 국내 할인점 PB를 중심으로 비교분석하여 가치를 극대화한 의류PB 확대전략에 대한 추가연구가 필요하다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.23-35
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• 2013

Purpose - This paper attempts to identify the problems and limitations of a market maintenance project conducted according to the 「Special Act for the Development of Traditional Markets and Shopping Street」 and to present a revised direction for the special law and lay the groundwork for market maintenance projects to be promoted smoothly. Research design, data, and methodology - The revised direction for the legislation and the proposal were written based on an investigation of the problems and the legal system, and proposed measures for market maintenance operation and system improvements to derive the improvements needed for market maintenance projects. Results - A market maintenance project has been conducted as a means to reinvigorate traditional markets that are economically depressed, and to revive the local economy. It was largely conducted in the form of reconstruction and redevelopment and represents the interests of landowners and merchants. Thus, it is most likely to contribute to the gradual disappearance of traditional markets. First, as part of a market maintenance project, many companies are building multipurpose buildings or high-rise residential buildings to increase profits. In these high-rise buildings, they can raise rents, which may not be affordable for some existing small businesses. To solve such problems, the large-scale store registration requirement needs to be relaxed or abolished once the market maintenance project is completed. If the large-scale store registration requirement is to be abolished, the term 'large retail store' should be changed in the 「Special Act for the Development of Traditional Markets and Shopping Street」. After registration, the Small and Medium Business Administration should train merchants, offer consultations, and support events, to the extent that the existing traditional market management modernization project permits, and further continue to manage and support its ongoing activities. However, unless large-scale store registration is abolished, adding an exception clause in the special law to relax large-scale store registration criteria, and permitting changes to building use is another option. At the end of a market maintenance project, empty stores should be purchased by the Small and Medium Business Administration, and local government, etc., at the actual construction cost, to utilize them as public rental shopping areas, which in turn may be re-utilized as a temporary market for another market maintenance project. The second problem in market maintenance projects is merchant-protection. Currently, the special law prescribes that a temporary market be created for merchants to conduct business during the rental period of a market maintenance project. Conclusions - In reality, a market maintenance project is conducted usually in big metropolitan cities with 500,000 residents or more. The main building type created under these projects is a multipurpose building. For this reason, it is very difficult to secure a location for a temporary market in the surrounding area of such a project. To solve this problem, this study suggests 'public rental shopping areas' as mentioned above.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.156-162
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• 2020

This study was conducted to analyze the current management status of green tea processors in two regions (Hadong-gun and Boseong-gun) in Korea and to suggest directions for the development of the green tea industry based on an understanding their difficulties in management. This study showed that the number of green tea farms and the cultivation area had decreased, while the average unit sales price of green tea in Boseong-gun was approximately three times higher than that in Hadong-gun. Also, this study found that Hadong-gun mainly provided green tea products to wholesalers, whereas Boseong-gun sold it directly to the local retail stores targeting tourists, and this results in generating relatively higher unit prices. Meanwhile, we discovered that both regions had difficulties in management which were caused by the demand for low delivery unit costs from large corporations and small food companies. Therefore, in order to develop the green tea industry in both regions, the size of green tea fields and the scenery satisfaction should be improved to draw more tourists and boost tourists' intention to revisit. In addition, it is necessary to enhance guidance and accessibility of related tourist sites, to expand green tea experience activities, and to improve product satisfaction by developing various goods. By inducing more tourists in these ways, it could change the sales type of green tea from wholesale to retail and help activate the management of green tea processors.