• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.873-878
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• 2000

Tension stiffening effects of reinforced concrete member with large diameter bar, mainly used at reactor building of nuclear power plant, are studied by uniaxial structural tests. Bond length and stress of steel bar, size of steel bar, and compressive strength of concrete are evaluated to tension stiffening by uniaxial tests. Problems and solution during the uniaxial test are suggested. The prevent splitting cracks, concrete cover-to-bar diameter ratio $c/d_{b}$ is kept 2.6~2.8. Because the bond length is increased as the size of steel bar, the specimen length of the D35 steel bar is required at least 2.0 m. The specimen length must be decided with bond length as well as concrete cover-to-bar diameter ratio to prevent splitting crack.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.131-143
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• 2023

The CFRP bar was used to achieve more ductile and durable headed-stud shear connectors in composite components. Three series of push-out tests were firstly conducted, including specimens reinforced with pure steel fibers, steel and CFRP bars. The distributed stress was measured by the commercial PPP-BOTDA (Pre-Pump-Pulse Brillouin optical time domain analysis) optical fiber sensor with high spatial resolution. A series of numerical analyses using non-linear FE models were also made to study the shear force transfer mechanism and crack response based on the test results. Test results show that the CFRP bar increases the shear strength and stiffness of the large diameter headed-stud shear connection, and it has equivalent reinforcing effects on the stud shear capacity as the commonly used steel bar. The embedded CFRP bar can also largely improve the shear force transfer mechanism and decrease the tensile stress in the transverse direction. The parametric study shows that low content steel fibers could delay the crack initiation of slab around the large diameter stud, and the CFRP bar with normal elastic modulus and the standard reinforcement ratio has good resistance to splitting crack growth in headed stud shear connectors.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제61권6호
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• pp.711-719
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• 2017

This study investigates the effects of reinforcing bar diameter and cover depth on the shrinkage behavior of restrained ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) slabs. For this, twelve large-sized UHPFRC slabs with three different rebar diameters ($d_b=9.5$, 15.9, and 22.2 mm) and four different cover depths (h=5, 10, 20, and 30 mm) were fabricated. In addition, a large-sized UHPFRC slab without steel rebar was fabricated for evaluating degree of restraint. Test results revealed that the uses of steel rebar with a large diameter, leading to a larger reinforcement ratio, and a low cover depth are unfavorable regarding the restrained shrinkage performance of UHPFRC slabs, since a larger rebar diameter and a lower cover depth result in a higher degree of restraint. The shrinkage strain near the exposed surface was high because of water evaporation. However, below a depth of 18 mm, the shrinkage strain was seldom influenced by the cover depth; this was because of the very dense microstructure of UHPFRC. Finally, owing to their superior tensile strength, all UHPFRC slabs with steel rebars tested in this study showed no shrinkage cracks until 30 days.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2011

The use of headed bars as opposed to standard 90- or 180-degree hooked bars in beam ends, beam-column joints or other steel congested areas for anchorage and bond has become more favorable due to the fact that steel congestion is often created by large bend diameters or crossties. This research mainly focuses on evaluating the code provisions regarding the use of headed bars. Nine simply supported rectangular concrete beams with headed longitudinal reinforcement were tested under a four-point monotonic loading system. The design clear spacing, which varies from 1.5 to 4.25 times the bar diameter, was the only parameter for the experimental investigation. The test results showed that the closely-spaced headed bars were capable of developing to full yield strength without any severe brittle concrete breakout cone or pullout failure. Bond along the bar was not sufficient due to the early loss of concrete integrity. However, the headed bars were effective for anchorage with no excessive moment capacity reduction. This implies that the clear spacing of about 2 times the bar diameter for headed bars may be reasonable to ensure the development of specified yield strength of headed bars and corresponding member design strength.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.180-188
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• 2011

최근 대구경철근에 적용할 수 있는 기계적 철근이음장치에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 대구경 기계적 철근이음재에 대한 구조적 성능평가에 대하여 연구가 수행되었다. 원자력발전소에 대구경의 기계적 철근이음장치를 적용하기 위해서 2가지 형태의 철근이음장치에 대한 실험이 수행되었으며, 원자력발전소에 적용되는 11번과 14번 및 18번에 대한 대구경 철근 이음 장치가 조립되어 정적 및 동적실험이 수행되었다. 실험은 ASME SEC III DIV.2 CC-4330에 따라 이루어졌다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.68-75
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 반복하중을 받는 외부 보-기둥 접합부에 정착된 57mm 확대머리철근의 정착성능을 평가하였다. 총 4개의 외부 보-기둥 접합부 실험체를 계획하였으며, 콘크리트 압축강도, 측면피복두께, 횡보강근비 및 파괴유형을 주요 실험 변수로 설정하여 정착성능평가를 수행하였다. 성능평가 결과, 접합부에 정착된 대구경 확대머리철근의 정착성능에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 요소는 측면피복두께 및 횡보강근으로 나타났으며, 외부 보-기둥 접합부에 정착된 57mm 대구경 확대머리철근은 반복하중하에서도 충분한 정착성능이 발현되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2001

Recently, it has increased that the importance of gas pressure weldment of steel bars in large construction bars. But there has hardly been any studies about it. Therefore we need more research. SD40 steel bar (32mm in diameter) which has been practically used at construction sites are tested about tension, bonding, fatigue, a macro structure and micro structure at foil gitudinal section and hardness to fed out the mechanical property and best welding ranges in some cases of mechanical cut and gas cut before gas pressure welded. It is that a gas-pressure welded zone of steel bar where was cleaned of impurities in way of two-upsetted method is more excellent bending and tension property than the regulation of KD D 0244. Also gas cut bars gained hardness from the heat affected zone so. In conclusion, to improve the weldability of steel bars, it is considered best to clean mechanically cut sutra- faces and then weld them by a method of 2 step upset way.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.405-409
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• 2008

This technical paper is proposing a sound concept in the application of the rehabilitation method of the water supply steel pipe in the large diameter ranged from 1,800mm to 3,500mm. There were conducted the experimental tests for the specimens as well as the real steel pipe of diameter 2,200mm. The water pressure ejected from nozzle tip should be at least 2,500bar to have the satisfied surface profiles required in the design criterion. The most difficult thing is to keep the water pressure at the nozzle tip as 2,500bar during the consecutive work in the interval of the work site more than 1km. It is found that the method suggested in this study is adequate method to meet the specified design criteria. The results of this study provide the useful information how to setup the equipments for the successful work. This method also provides not only the omission of the blasting process but also the effect of the budget reduction.

• 도시과학
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2018

With the increase of the skyscraper center, the development of large-diameter and high-strength reinforcing bars is being carried out to solve the dense reinforcement. In case of the steel reinforced concrete with a small cross section such as beam-column joints, the development length becomes short when straight bars are used. Therefore, it is possible to solve the problem that the development length becomes short by using the bearing strength of the hooked bar and headed bar. In this study, the exterior beam-column joint test of SD700 hooked bar and headed bar with anchorage length of 20db was conducted to extend the development length limitation of hooked bar and headed bar. As a result of the evaluation of the anchorage strength using the design equation by KCI, the average of the [measured value]/[predicted value] ratio was 1.31 for the hooked reinforcing bars. In the case of headed bars, the average of the [measured value]/[predicted value] ratio was 1.12. In addition, in order to compare the anchorage performance of the hooked bar and the headed bar, the measured values were divided by the square root of the compressive strength of the concrete to compare the anchorage strength. Under the same conditions, the anchorage strength of headed bars was 8.5% higher than the hooked bars.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2017

외부 보-기둥 접합부에서는 철근정착을 위해 갈고리철근 사용하고 있으며, 철근과밀배근 해소와 시공작업의 어려움으로 확대머리철근의 사용이 증가하고 있다. SD600 51 mm 확대머리철근을 사용할 경우 ACI318-14 및 KCI2012기준에서 사용을 제한하고 있다. 이번 연구에서는 외부 보-기둥 접합부 내에 고강도 대구경 철근의 확대머리 철근의 사용이 가능하도록 실험 60 MPa, 80 MPa 콘크리트강도로 제작된 실험체의 정착상세별 구조성능을 평가하였다. 모든 실험체에서는 보의 휨항복파괴가 발생하였으며, 실험체의 모멘트-변위 곡선에서 비슷한 양상을 보였다. 다른 실험체보다 갈고리가 한쪽방향으로 배근한 실험체에서는 갈고리철근 배근방향에 의해 전단저항능력이 달라지므로 3.5%변위비 이후에 부착응력 감소가 더 크게 나타났으며, 전단변형능력도 더 크게 나타났다. 실험체의 내진성능을 확인하기 위하여 ACI374.1-05기준과 비교하였으며, 실험결과 충분한 내진성능을 확보하였다. 이를 통하여 외부 보-기둥 접합부에서 SD600, 51 mm 확대머리철근의 사용이 가능한 것으로 판단된다.