• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2433-2437
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• 2013

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent regulator of angiogenesis and thereby involved in the development and progression of solid tumours. Associations between three VEGF gene polymorphisms (-634 G/C, +936 C/T, and +1612 G/A) and breast cancer risk have been extensively studied, but the currently available results are inconclusive. Our aim was to investigate associations between three VEGF gene polymorphisms and breast cancer risk in Chinese Han patients. We performed a hospital-based case-control study including 680 female incident breast cancer patients and 680 female age-matched healthy control subjects. Polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis was performed to detect the three VEGF gene polymorphisms. We observed that women carriers of +936 TT genotypes [odds ratio (OR) =0.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.28, 0.76; P=0.002] or 936 T-allele (OR=0.81, 95% CI= 0.68, 0.98; P=0.03) had a protective effect concerning the disease. Our study suggested that the +1612G/A polymorphism was unlikely to be associated with breast cancer risk. The -634CC genotype was significantly associated with high tumor aggressiveness [large tumor size (OR=2.63, 95% CI=1.15, 6.02; P=0.02) and high histologic grade (OR=1.47, 95% CI= 1.06, 2.03; P=0.02)]. The genotypes were not related with other tumor characteristics such as regional or distant metastasis, stage at diagnosis, or estrogen or progesterone receptor status. Our study revealed that the VEGF -634 G/C and +936 C/T gene polymorphisms may be associated with breast cancer in Chinese Han patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.5063-5069
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• 2016

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in most countries of the world. It is ranked first in females in Morocco (accounting for 33.4% of the total cancer burden) and more than 60% of cases are diagnosed at stage III or IV. During the last decade, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has become an important aspect of breast cancer treatment. The objective of this study was to describe self-reported HRQOL in patients with breast cancer and to investigate its associations with sociodemographic and clinical variables. Methods: A prospective study was carried out in the main oncology centers in Morocco. Quality of life was measured using the Moroccan Arabic versions of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C 30 (EORTC QLQ C30) and the Breast Cancer-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-BR23). Statistical analyses were performed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analyses. Results: A total of 1463 subjects were included in the study, with a mean age of 55.6 (SD. 11.2) years, 70% being married. The majority had stage II (45.9%) and a few cases stage IV (12.9%) lesions. The participants' global health mean score was 68.5 and in "functional scales", social functioning scored the highest (Mean 86.2 (SD=22.7)). The most distressing symptom on the symptom scale was financial difficulties (Mean 63.2 (SD=38.2)). Using the disease specific tool, it was found that future perspective scored the lowest (Mean 40.5 (SD=37.3)). On the symptom scale, arm symptoms scored the highest (Mean 23.6 (SD=21.6)). Significant mean differences were noted for many functional and symptom scales. Conclusion: Our results emphasized that the general HRQOL for our study population is lower than for corresponding populations in other countries. This study provided baseline information on the quality of life for a large sample of Moroccan women diagnosed with breast cancer.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2017

본 연구는 거대유방암 환자대상으로 환자의 움직임과 모양의 변화에 따른 선량변화를 콘빔단층촬영영상(CBCT)과 변형영상정합기법(DIR)을 적용하여 적응형방사선치료계획을 재구성하여 기존에 사용된 쐐기접선조사기법(TWF)과 종속조사면 병합치료방법(FIF) 그리고 세기조절방사선치료계획(IMRT)을 이용하여 선량비교평가를 시행하고자 하였다. CT와 CBCT를 MIM6 사용하여 변형영상정합기법영상(DIRCT)을 만들어 각각의 치료계획을 시행하였다. 계획표적체적(PTV)은 왼쪽 유방이고 균질성지표(HI), 적합성지표(CI), 조사범위지표(CVI)의 값을 확인하였다. 관심장기(OAR)는 반대쪽 유방, 폐 그리고 심장이며 평균선량, 최대선량과 장기 특성에 따른 기타 지표들을 비교 분석하였다. PTV인 유방의 HI 값은 DIRCT를 이용한 모든 치료계획방법에서 증가하였으며, CVI, CI의 결과에서는 DIRCT를 이용한 치료계획방법에서 모두 감소하였다. 폐에서의 평균선량과 최대선량은 DIRCT 이용한 IMRT 치료계획방법이 다른 치료계획보다 증가함을 보였으며, 심장의 평균선량과 최대선량은 DIRCT를 이용한 TWF와 FIF는 감소했으며, 오히려 IMRT의 결과는 증가하였다. 유방암 방사선치료 시 환자의 움직임과 셋업 오차로 인해 유방모양의 변경을 감암했을 때 TWF와 IMRT보다 FIF 방법을 이용했을 때 반대편 유방과 심장, 폐의 피해선량을 효과적으로 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.886-891
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• 2009

Cancer/testis(CT) antigens은 여러 종료의 암에서는 발현이 되지만, 정상조직에서는 고환에서만 발현이 되는 특이성을 가지고 있다. 이러한 특이성은 immunotherapy을 하기 위한 항암백신 개발에 매력적인 유전자로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 29개의 한국유방암조직에서 13개의 CT antigens (NY-SAR35, SCP-1, SSX-1, SSX-2, SSX-4, MAGE-1, MAGE-3, MAGE-4, MAGE-10, CT-7, NY-TLU57, NY-ESO-1, and LAGE-1)의 발현빈도를 RT-PCR을 통하여 조사하고 환자의 임상학적 분류와 CT antigens의 발현빈도에 대하여 조사하였다. 29개의 유방암조직에 RT-PCR결과, 13개의 CT antigen중에 MAGE-3 (66%)와 MAGE-1(57%)에서 발현빈도가 가장 높았고 LAGE-1 (55%),NY-SAR-35 (49%),MAGE-4(41%), NY-ESO-1(38%), CT-7(24%), SSX-4(24%)순으로 발현빈도를 보였다. 그러나 SSX-1, SSX-2. MAGE-10와 NY-TLU-57의 발현은 3-7%로 매우 낮았고 특히 SCP-1는 발현되지 않았다. 29 유방암 조직에서 적어도 하나 이상의 CT antigen이 발현되는 샘플은 28(98%)이였다. 그러나 환자의 임상학적 분류와 CT antigens의 발현빈도와는 특징적인 관꼐가 없음을 알수있었다. 29개의 유방암조직에서 MAGE-3와 NY-ESO-1의 Protein level에서의 발현을 알아보기 위하여monoclonal antibody를 이용하여 면역조직염색을 하였다. MAGE-3은 29개 조직중에서 12개의 조직에서 발현되었으며 NY-ESO-1은 11개의 조직에서 발현되었다. 그러므로 CT antigens은 한국 유방암 조직에서 빈번하게 발현된 것을 알 수 있었으며 CT antigens을 기반으로 한 암 백신개발의 잠재적인 표적이 될 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.3469-3472
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• 2013

Extract of Lentinula edodes mycelia (LEM) is currently utilized as an oral biological response modifier (BRM) medicine for cancer patients. However, its effectiveness for breast cancer patients with postoperative adjuvant hormone therapy has not yet been scientifically verified. In this study, we investigated the influence of LEM on the quality of life (QOL) and immune response in breast cancer patients undergoing postoperative adjuvant hormone therapy. Twenty patients were studied in total. They received only hormone therapy in the first 4 weeks followed by hormone therapy and LEM during the next 8 weeks. Laboratory tests, QOL score and peripheral blood cytokine production levels were evaluated during the study period. No changes in QOL or cytokines were noted after the first 4 weeks. In contrast, during the following combined therapy period, improvements were noted in QOL and cytokine levels. Although a future large-scale investigation is necessary to confirm these results, these data suggest that the concomitant use of LEM with postoperative adjuvant hormone therapy improves the QOL and immune function of patients.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2012

Purpose: Purpose: The free deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap is a popular option for autologous breast reconstruction. However, the anatomy of the deep inferior epigastric artery(DIEA) may vary from one individual to another. Unexpected vascular anomaly can confuse the surgeon and affects on the safety of the free DIEP flap. Materials and Methods: Thirty five consecutive patients who underwent free DIEP/TRAM flap for immediate breast reconstruction between Mar. 2010 and Oct. 2010 were enrolled in this study. Computed tomography angiography (CT angiography) of abdomen was evaluated part of our standard preoperative assessment: atypical patterns of DIEA/DIEP were evaluated by preoperative CT angiography and compared with intraoperative finding. Results: Atypical patterns of DIEA/DIEP which may affect preoperative planning were noted as the following: Circummusclar/subfascial DIEA (n=1), DIEA running underneath rectus muscle (n=8), septocutaneous perforator (n=3), peritoneo-cutaneous perforator (n=1), a large branch going into peritoneum (n=1), and very early division and muscle penetration of DIEA (n=1). Conclusion: Atypical DIEA/DIEP that might change the operation plan is not rare, so the individualized planning based on the preoperative CT angiography is recommended. Preoperative CT angiography could help to select reliable and easy-to-dissect perforator in free DIEP/TRAM breast reconstruction.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.85-88
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• 2011

Purpose: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a relatively uncommon type of stress-induced cardiomyopathy characterized by transient left ventricular regional wall motion abnormalities. Emotional and physical stresses play a key role in this type of cardiomyopathy in postmenopausal women. The current hypothesis is that the syndrome represents a form of catecholamine surge due to stress or epinephrine-mediated acute myocardial stunning. Methods: A 44-year-old woman had suffered premature ventricular contraction following a cardiogenic shock during a breast augmentation surgery under enflurane anesthesia and tumescent solution infiltration. She was treated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation at a local clinic. Then she was brought to the Emergency Department of the authors' hospital. Results: The woman's echocardiogram showed an ejection fraction of 20~25% with associated basal hyperkinesis and left ventricular apical ballooning. The patient was admitted to the ICU and required inotropic support for two weeks. The patient's condition dramatically improved, and her ejection fraction returned to 70%. Conclusion: It is believed that there were multiple triggering factors of the onset of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in the woman's social and family history, including infiltration of a large volume of the tumescent solution and VPCs induced by enflurane anesthesia without premedication. The importance of careful history-taking, careful pre-operative consultation on psychological suffering especially for breast surgery, premedication before surgery, patient reassurance, and post-operative psychosocial and emotional assistance was again seen in this case.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1159-1168
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• 2012

The experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of Alisma canaliculatum with probiotics (ACP) on the growth performance, meat composition, oxidative stability, and fatty acid composition of broiler meat. Sixteen probiotic strains were tested for their levels of acid, bile, and heat tolerance. Among them, Lactobacillus acidophilus KCTC 3111, Enterococcus faecium KCTC 2022, Bacillus subtilis KCTC 3239, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCTC 7928 were selected for use in ACP. Exactly 140 Ross broiler chicks were assigned to four dietary treatments in five replications for 5 wks in a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments were NC (Negative control; basal diet), PC (Positive control; basal diet with 0.005% Chlortetracycline), ACP-0.5% (basal diet with 0.5% ACP powder), and ACP-1% (basal diet with 1% ACP powder). According to the results, body weight of the broilers increased, and feed conversion ratio improved in the ACP-0.5% group compared to the NC group (p<0.05). Crude protein content of breast meat was higher (p<0.05) in the ACP-0.5% group, whereas crude fat content of thigh meat was lower (p<0.05) in the supplemented groups. Breast meat absolute and relative weights were both higher (p<0.05) in the ACP groups compared to the control group. Further, ACP diets increased gizzard and decreased large intestine relative weights, whereas kidney relative weight decreased upon the addition of a higher level (1%) of ACP (p<0.05). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values of breast and thigh meats were reduced (p<0.05) by ACP supplementation compared to control. Regarding the fatty acid composition of breast meat, arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, PUFA, and n6 fatty acid levels decreased (p<0.05) in the ACP groups, whereas the levels of linoleic acid, PUFA, PUFA/SFA, and n6 fatty acid in thigh meat decreased (p<0.05) by ACP and PC diets. It can be suggested based on the study results that ACP-0.5% diet could be an effective feed additive for broilers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권14호
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• pp.5607-5609
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• 2014

Introduction: Although continuing education is necessary for practicing nurses, it is very difficult to organize traditional classes because of large numbers of nurses and working shifts. Considering the increasing development of mobile electronic learning, we carried out a study to compare effects of the traditional face to face method with mobile learning delivered as text messages by cell phone. Materials and Methods: Sixty female nurses working in our hospital were randomly divided into class and short message service (SMS) groups. Lessons concerning breast cancer screening were prepared as 54 messages and sent in 17 days for the SMS group, while the class group participated in a class held by a university lecturer of breast and cancer surgery. Pre- and post-tests were undertaken for both groups at the same time; a retention test also was performed one month later. For statistical analysis, the paired T test and the independent sample T test were used with SPSS software version 16; p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean age and mean work experience of participants in class and SMS groups was $35.8{\pm}7.2$, $9.8{\pm}6.7$, $35.4{\pm}7.3$, and $11.5{\pm}8.5$, respectively. There was a significant increase in mean score post-tests (compared with pretests) in both groups (p<0.05). Although a better improvement in scores of retention tests was demonstrated in the SMS group, the mean subtraction value of the post- and pretests as well as retention- and pretests showed no significant difference between the 2 groups (p=0.3 and p =0.2, respectively). Conclusions: Our study shows that teaching via SMS may probably replace traditional face to face teaching for continuing education in working nurses. Larger studies are suggested to confirm this.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.3-12
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• 1997

One-to three -month-old infants(n=252) were compared their growth performance(weight, length, head circumference, chest circumference) by feeding methods in cross-sectional study. There were two groups : breast-fed(BF) and formula-fed groups(FF). The weights of infants at 1, 2, and 3 postpartum month were 4.50$\pm$0.48kg, 5.76$\pm$0.62kg and 6.67$\pm$0.68kg, respectively. The weigh of male infants was higher than females. The length were 53.7$\pm$2.6cm, 57.4$\pm$3.3cm, 61.1$\pm$3.1cm at one to three postpartum months, respectively. The length of male infants was higher than females, too. Overall there were no significant differences between feeding methods in weight, length, head and chest circumferences, and monthly weight and length velocity. But 3-month-old formula-fed male infants showed bigger significantly in weight, monthly weight velocity and chest circumference than the breast-feds. By Korean standards, weight-for-height Z-score were distributed from 0 to ＋2. Not only was there a few malnourished infants but also overnourished were noticed, especially in formula-fed group. From this survey, long-time survey on growth and development of large scales might be necessary to determine the effect of feeding methods of infants after 3 months and to set proper grwoth standard for infant. And it was suggested the that the careful attention of polarized nutritional problems of early infants was needed, especially in formula-fed group. (Korean J Community Nutrition 2(1) : 3~12, 1997)