• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.93-97
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• 1990

Two cases of giant cell tumor of bone diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology are described. Case 1 was a 28-year-old male who had pain sense for one year at the right distal thigh. His radiologic finding revealed a destructive cortical lesion with soft tissue extension at medial side of epiphysis of the distal femur. Case 2 was a 21-year-old female complaining pain at left distal forearm for eight months and showed a well-demarcated expansile osteolytic lesion with multiseptation, and cortical destruction at epiphysis and metaphysis of the left distal radius on the X-ray. Fine needle aspiration of each lesion was performed. The aspirate of the case 1 revealed moderate cellularity, which was composed of scattered giant cells of osteoclastic type and small round to oval monotonous stromal cells in large areas. Giant cells were evenly distributed in single or small groups and had irregular but abundant cytoplasms with 10 to 20 nuclei in the center. The nuclei showed ovoid shape, fine granular chromatin, and a small but conspicuous nucleolus. Stromal cells were dispersed in isolated pattern or sometimes aggregated in clusters and showed the same nuclei as those of giant cells and scanty cytoplasms. Comparing to case 1, case 2 had a more translucent abundant cytoplasm in the giant cells and more spindled stromal cells. All two cases revealed neither nuclear atypism nor increased abnormal mitoses In both giant and stromal cells, suggesting no evidence of malignancy. Thereafter the lesions were treated with excision and curettage, and histologically confirmed as giant cell tumors of the bone.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.301-302
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• 2001

The giant croaker, Nibea japonica is a large, estuarine sciaenid distributed around southem Korea and Japan. In Repubic of Korea, giant croaker is a highly desired commercial and recreational species and there is interest in develoment of techniques for production of fish for enhancement of wildstocks and aquaculture since the giant croaker possesses some desirable characteristics for aquaculture including tolerance to widely varying salinities and receptivity to induced spawning in captivity. (omitted)

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.172-175
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• 1994

Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid is one of the most malignant tumors and survival for longer than three years after diagnosis is exceptional. Multinucleated giant cells of osteoclastlike appearance are seen un some of the anaplastic carcinoma, but only three cases in which the diagnosis was made by fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology are reported in the international literature. We experienced a case of anaplastic carcinoma with osteoclastlike giant cells in a 66-yr-old female, diagnosed by FNA cytology. The smears revealed two cell populations: multinucleated giant cells and large polygonal or spindle shaped malignant cells. The FNA cytodiagnosis of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma containing osteoclastlike giant cells was substantiated by subsequent biopsy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.92-100
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• 1987

On rare occasions, the left atrium may become extremely large in the mitral valvular disease, showing giant left atrium. The giant left atrium frequently produce compressing effects to the adjacent organs, resulting in the postoperative problems with regard to the hemodynamic and respiratory management. We experienced 13 patients with giant left atrium combined with mitral valvular disease from Oct. 1980 through June 1986. Eleven cases underwent mitral valve replacement with left atrial plication and the other 2 cases were underwent mitral valve replacement without left atrial plication. The follow-up period was 19.3 months in average. There were remarkable postoperative improvements in the chest roentgenogram, echocardiogram, lung function test, NYHA functional class in patients who underwent plication procedure. The postoperative mortality was 9% in plication cases and 50% in non-plication cases.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2018

Objective : The objectives of this study were to evaluate the immediate and long-term efficacy and safety of coil embolization for large or giant aneurysms. Methods : One hundred and fifty large or giant aneurysm cases treated with endovascular coil embolization between January 2005 and February 2014 at a single institute were included in this study. Medical records and imaging findings were reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate prognostic factors associated with major recurrence (major recanalization or rupture) and delayed thromboembolism after selective coil embolization. Results : Procedure-related symptomatic complications occurred in five (3.3%) patients. The mean clinical and radiological follow-up periods were 38 months (range, 2-110) and 26 months (range, 6-108), respectively. During the follow-up period, the estimated recurrence rate was 4.6% per year. Multivariate analysis using Cox regression showed the degree of occlusion to be the only factor associated with recurrence (p=0.008, hazard ratio 3.15, 95% confidence interval 1.34-7.41). The patient's history of rupture in addition to the size and location of the aneurysm were not associated with recurrence in this study. Delayed infarction occurred in eight cases, and all were incompletely occluded. Conclusion : Although immediate postprocedural safety profiles were reasonable, longterm results showed recanalization and thromboembolic events to occur continuously, especially in patients with incomplete occlusion. In addition, incomplete occlusion was associated with delayed thromboembolic complications. Patients with incomplete occlusions should be followed carefully for delayed recurrence or delayed thromboembolic events.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.7
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• pp.47-53
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• 1989

Cultivars of bell and other types of pepper introduced from United States of America and from Japan were planted in the Kyungpook National University experiment farm to investigate their characteristics. Such introductions from Japan as 'Oojishi', 'Saitama Wase', 'Beianeiko', and 'Ichiba' were leading in fresh fruit yield, followed by such introductions from America as 'Keystone Resistant Giant # 3' and 'Emerald Giant'. The introductions from Japan were high yielding and with good fruit set but their fruits were smaller than those of introductions from America. Cultivars introduced from America were inferior to those from Japan in yield and vigor but produced large fruits. Fruits of 'Keystone Resistant Giant #3', 'Yolo Wonder' selections, 'Emerald Giant', and 'Mercury' were the largest. among them Other cultivars such as 'Cubanelle', 'Sweet Banana', 'Anaheim' selections, and 'Cherry Sweet' were also included in the experiment, their characteristics were investigated and their usage was discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.310-316
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• 2022

Giant pacific octopus, Enteroctopus dofleini, is a large mollusk distributed in the East Sea of Korea. In this study, the catch status of giant pacific octopus by drift line fishery and the effect of sea temperature on fishing ground were investigated in Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do, which is the central coast of the East Sea. The average catch of giant pacific octopus in Gangwon-do was 1,570 tons over the past ten years, and it accounted for 21% in 2008 and 44% in 2021 compared to the total catch in the East Sea during the same period. Such data indicates that the catch in Gangwon-do has recently increased. In this study area, giant pacific octopus weighing 1.1-5.0 kg dominated accounting for 56% of the total individuals, and followed by those weighing 1 kg or less. However, the ratio of catch of giant pacific octopus over 5.1 kg tended to increase in 2021, which is thought to be related to the sea temperature that affected the fishing ground. The main depth of fishing ground was from 21 m to 50 m in this area and fishing grounds were widely distributed throughout the season except summer. Fishing ground was formed with the conditions of bottom sea temperature under 10℃ and was diminished by moving of giant pacific octopus to deeper depth with conditions of bottom sea temperature over 18℃.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.365-370
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• 2005

We have made a multi-wavelength study of the X-ray bright giant shell complex 30 Doradus in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). This is the one of the largest H II complexes in the Local Group. The Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) and the Parkes 64-m single dish observations reveal that the distribution and internal motions of H I gas show the effects of fast stellar winds and supernova blasts. The hot emitting gas within the 30 Doradus complex and the entire giant H II complex are encompassed by an expanding H I shell. We investigate the dynamical age of this H I shell and compare to the age of starbursts occurred in the 30 Doradus nebula using the radiative transfer model and the infrared properties.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.289-293
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• 2018

Odontomas are considered a type of odontogenic hamartoma, and are generally reported not to exceed 3 cm in diameter. Some authors have referred to odontomas with a diameter exceeding 3 cm as giant odontomas. As hamartomas, giant odontomas generally show no signs or symptoms, but if they perforate the mucosa to become exposed in the oral cavity, oral and maxillofacial infections can result. Surgical removal and a histopathological examination may also be required to differentiate them from osteomas, cemento-osseous dysplasia, or mixed odontogenic tumors. This report presents the case of a 28-year-old woman with a giant odontoma in the right mandibular third molar area. Based on a review of the literature published since 2010, only 11 cases of "giant" or "large" odontomas have been reported, most of which were of the complex odontoma type. It was confirmed that they tend to occur in the right posterior mandible.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.19-24
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• 2024

The future military combat environment is rapidly expanding the role and importance of artificial intelligence (AI) in defense, aligning with the current trends of declining military populations and evolving dynamics. Particularly, in the civilian sector, AI development has surged into new domains based on foundation models, such as OpenAI's Chat-GPT, categorized as Super-Giant AI or Hyperscale AI. The U.S. Department of Defense has organized Task Force Lima under the Chief Digital and AI Office (CDAO) to conduct research on the application of Large Language Models (LLM) and generative AI. Advanced military nations like China and Israel are also actively researching the integration of Super-Giant AI into their military capabilities. Consequently, there is a growing need for research within our military regarding the potential applications and fields of application for Super-Giant AI in weapon systems. In this paper, we compare the characteristics and pros and cons of specialized AI and Super-Giant AI (Foundation Models) and explore new application areas for Super-Giant AI in weapon systems. Anticipating future application areas and potential challenges, this research aims to provide insights into effectively integrating Super-Giant Artificial Intelligence into defense operations. It is expected to contribute to the development of military capabilities, policy formulation, and international security strategies in the era of advanced artificial intelligence.