• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2012

It is growing in size of database in companies. This caused to develope data mining techniques to predictive information from the large database. Costs and other effects can give variety of sales exploding through the analysis of the differences. Analysis of the various classification techniques, various angle can be analyzed point of view of the area information. The analysis of rules and patterns associated with a large amount of useful information from the database can be analyzed effectively. Goods store were analyzed using association rules, one of the data mining analysis techniques. Through this type of existing products according to analyze customer buying patterns, data mining has been studied to establish strategic marketing analysis.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.81-92
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• 1998

This study is to define the caring experience of mothers with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus children, by finding core category, contextual factors, ntervening factors, and the patterns of caring, and to velop a practice theory on it. Research method followed grounded theory methodology by Strauss & Corbin. Subjects were six mothers. whose children have had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus for 4 months to 14 years by the interview time. They were selected by theoretical sampling. Data were collected from September, 1995 to January, 1996. Interview were done by long interview technique and observation. Each interview took 50 minutes to 2 hours. Content of interview was recorded and transcribed later. Based on the results of previous interview, content of next interview was planned until data reached to the saturation point. Results were as follows : One hundred and forty concepts were found. These concepts were grouped into thirty-three categories, and then to ten categories. Mothers with diabetic child were revealed to face “being overwhelmed by burden”. Overwhelming by burden is found to be progressed through the cycle production-coping-decrease or in crease process. Mothers showed four patterns of adaptation in caring the diabetic children. 1) If mothers felt large amount of overwhelming by burden because of difficulty of caring and unsympathizing but they had sufficient support, no condition of the child, and their coping mechanism was positive, most of them overcome with strong will, but some fell into burnout. 2) If mothers felt large amount of overwhelming by burden because of difficulty of caring, unsympathizing, insufficient support. serious condition of the child, and their coping mechanism was negative, they fell into burnout by coping with feeling. 3) If mothers felt small amount of overwhelming by burden because of little difficulty of caring and sympathizing, sufficient support. no serious condition of the child, but their coping was negative, most of them fell into burnout by coping with feeling, but some overcome. 4) If mothers felt small amount of overwhelming by burden because of little difficulty of caring and unsympathizing, sufficient support, no serious condition of the child, and their coping was positive, they overcome with strong will. On the basis of the above result, in order to help mothers take good care of their children, nursing assesment and intervention on life readjustment, and getting support should be required. Especially, through understanding mothers' personalities, individual support consistent with each of them should be required. Therefore education. counseling, mutual support and exchange of information will have to be accomplished.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

Graphical processing unit (GPU) contains many arithmetic logic units (ALUs). Because many ALUs can be exploited to process parallel processing, GPU provides efficient data processing. The spatial data require many geographic coordinates to represent the shape of them in a map. The coordinates are usually stored as geodetic longitude and latitude. To display a map in 2-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system, the geodetic longitude and latitude should be converted to the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinate system. The conversion to the other coordinate system and the rendering process to represent the converted coordinates to screen use complex floating-point computations. In this paper, we propose a parallel processing technique that processes the conversion and the rendering using the GPU to improve the performance. Large spatial data is stored in the disk on files. To process the large amount of spatial data efficiently, we propose a technique that merges the spatial data files to a large file and access the file with the method of memory mapped file. We implement the proposed technique and perform the experiment with the 747,302,971 points of the TIGER/Line spatial data. The result of the experiment is that the conversion time for the coordinate systems with the GPU is 30.16 times faster than the CPU only method and the rendering time is 80.40 times faster than the CPU.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.209-217
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• 2003

The term “energy saving is economical” is appropriate for the national view point and for design and assessment of one system, but not appropriate when choosing the system by comparing alternative systems in the early design step. Sometimes, non-energy saving system is more economical than energy saving system because of the price of electricity, gas or oil, which are used for operating the air conditioning system. Therefore, when designing a system, we should consider the efficient alternatives through economic assessment of energy saving method. However, research on non-operating number control of the system is not sufficient because it is more common to use operating number control of the system for most economic assessment of air conditioning systems. For this reason, this research can provide the economic operating number control method as basic design data. The data obtained through analysis of life cycle cost based on amount of yearly energy use, are produced by system simulation of HASP/ACLD/8501 and HASP/ACSS/8502 for six alternative heating$.$cooling systems based on seasonal air conditioning system, which is widely used for medium and large size office buildings in Busan.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.981-988
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• 2002

Generally, the term "energy saving is economical" is appropriate for the national view point and for design and assessment of one system, but not appropriate when choosing the system by comparing alternative systems in the early design step. Sometimes, non-energy saving system is more economical than energy saving system because of the price of electricity, gas or oil, which are used for operating the air conditioning system. Therefore, when designing the system, we should consider the efficient alternatives through economic assessment of energy saving method. However, research on non-operating number control of the system is not sufficient because it is more common to use operating number control of the system for most economic assessment of air conditioning system. For this reason, this research can provide the economics through operating number control as basic design data. The data obtained through assesment of Life Cycle Cost based on amount of yearly energy use, were produced by system simulation of HASP/ACLD/8501 and HASP/ACSS/8502 for six alternative heating/cooling systems based on constant air volume conditioning system, which is widely used for medium and large office buildings in Busan.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.815-821
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• 2021

The advantage of big data is to collect a large amount of data on the Internet and refine and use valuable data. That is, the unstructured data is processed so that the user can analyze and utilize it from a necessary point of view. This paper is a relatively small project and is based on unstructured data that can be closely applied to real life and used for marketing. The subjects of the experiment were modeled on lodging companies in the Seoul metropolitan area an hour away from Seoul, and analyzed for the increase in lodging rates before and after marketing using big data. As an experiment that shows the effects of increasing sales, reducing costs, and increasing returns by users, we propose a system to determine and filter whether data input in the process of analyzing big data such as social networks can be used as accommodation-related information.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.33 no.4 s.92
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• pp.350-357
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• 2000

This paper evaluated the influence of point source and flow events on inorganic nitrogen fractions at 17 sites of Taechung Reservoir during 1993${\sim}$1994. Total nitrogen (TN) averaged 1.53 mg/L during the study and ranged between 0.70 and 2.56 mg/L. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) accounted for >90% of TN regardless of season and location, indicating a nitrogen-rich system showing eutrophic${\sim}$hypereutrophic conditions. Some 67${\sim}$94% of DIN was NO$_{3}$-N, whereas mean level of NH$_{4}$-N was less than 5% of DIN. During monsoon 1993, dilution of NO$_{3}$-N was evident in the headwaters as a result of mixing of lake water with rain water, while NH$_{4}$-N increased>100% compared to the premonsoon. Values of NH$_{4}$-N had a positive correlation with rainfall (r=0.85; p<0.001) and negative correlations with theoretical water residence time(r=-0.90; p<0.001) and conductivity(r=-0.78, p<0.001), respectively. These outcomes suggest that NH$_{4}$-N came from external input from the watershed during the monsoon. In both years, mean TN was greater in the mid-lake sites than any other sites. A great amount of TN in the mid-lake was most pronounced in monsoon 1994 because of an accumulated influence of the point sources during low inflow. Overall data suggest that concentrations of TN in this system did not show large differences along the longitudinal gradients and its distributions is likely determined by point-sources rather than inflow regime.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.5 no.8
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• pp.181-188
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• 2016

Recently, as the amount of spatial information increases, an interest in the study of spatial information processing has been increased. Spatial database systems extended from the traditional relational database systems are difficult to handle large data sets because of the scalability. SpatialHadoop extended from Hadoop system has a low performance, because spatial computations in SpationHadoop require a lot of write operations of intermediate results to the disk, resulting in the performance degradation. In this paper, Spatial Computation Spark(SC-Spark) is proposed, which is an in-memory based distributed processing framework. SC-Spark is extended from Spark in order to efficiently perform the spatial operation for large-scale data. In addition, SC-Spark based on the GPGPU is developed to improve the performance of the SC-Spark. SC-Spark uses the advantage of the Spark holding intermediate results in the memory. And GPGPU-based SC-Spark can perform spatial operations in parallel using a plurality of processing elements of an GPU. To verify the proposed work, experiments on a single AMD system were performed using SC-Spark and GPGPU-based SC-Spark for Point-in-Polygon and spatial join operation. The experimental results showed that the performance of SC-Spark and GPGPU-based SC-Spark were up-to 8 times faster than SpatialHadoop.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.671-683
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• 2017

Groundwater control is a significant issue in most underground construction. An estimate of the inflow rate is required to size the pumping system, and treatment plant facilities for construction planning and cost assessment. An estimate of the excavation-induced drawdown of the initial groundwater level is required to evaluate potential environmental impacts. Analytical and empirical methods used in current engineering practice do not adequately account for the effect of the jointed-rock-mass anisotropy and heterogeneity. The impact of geostructural anisotropy of fractured rocks on tunnel inflows is addressed and the limitations of analytical solutions assuming isotropic hydraulic conductivity are discussed. In this paper the unexcavated Zagros tunnel route has been classified from groundwater flow point of view based on the combination of observed water inflow and numerical modeling results. Results show that, in this hard rock tunnel, flow usually concentrates in some areas, and much of the tunnel is dry. So the remaining unexcavated Zagros tunnel route has been categorized into three categories including high Risk, moderately risk and low risk. Results show that around 60 m of tunnel (3%) length can conduit the large amount of water into tunnel and categorized into high risk zone and about 45% of tunnel route has moderately risk. The reason is that, in this tunnel, most of the water flows in rock fractures and fractures typically occur in a clustered pattern rather than in a regular or random pattern.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.697-703
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• 2010

In recent semiconductor manufacturing clean rooms, air washers are used to remove airborne gaseous contaminants from the outdoor air introduced into a clean room. Meanwhile, there is a large amount of exhaust air from a clean room. From an energy conservation point of view, heat recovery is useful for reducing the outdoor air conditioning load required to maintain a clean room. Therefore it is desirable to recover heat from the exhaust air and use it to cool or heat the outdoor air. In the present study, numerical analysis was conducted to evaluate the recovered heat of an exhaust air heat recovery type air washer system, which is the key part of an energy saving outdoor air conditioning system for semiconductor clean rooms. The present numerical results showed relatively good agreement with the available experimental data.