• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.281-288
• /
• 2000

In this study, we tried to determine failure criteria for joints of soft rock using ring shear test machine. The residual stress fellowing shear behavior was determined by the result of ring shear test and direct shear test. Ring shear test with the specimens which cover a large deformation range was adapted to measure a residual stress, and was possible to present the peak stress to present the peak stress to the residual stress at the same time. Residual stress is defined a minimal stress of specimens with a large displacement and the result of the peak residual stress is shown by a size of displacement volume. Therefore, the residual stress in soil was decided by shear stress of maximum shear stress - shear displacement(angle) based on the test result of a hyperbolic function ((equation omitted), a, b ＝ experimental constant). In this study, it was proved that the residual stress of rock joint can be determined by using of this method.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회
• /
• pp.356-363
• /
• 2004

In this research, the shear behavior of four different interfaces consisting of 4 types of geosynthetics was examined, and both static and dynamic tests for the geosynthetic interface were conducted. The monotonic shear experiments were performed by using an inclined board apparatus and large direct shear device. The interface shear strength obtained from the inclined board tests were compared with those calculated from large direct shear tests. The comparison results indicated that direct shear tests are likely to overestimate the shear strength in low normal stress range where direct shear tests were not performed. Curved failure envelopes were also obtained for interface cases where two static shear tests were conducted. By comparing the friction angles measured from three tests, i.e. direct shear, inclined board, and shaking table tests, it was found that the friction angle might be different depending on the test method and normal stresses applied in this research. Therefore, it was concluded that the testing method should be determined carefully by considering the type of loads and the normal stress expected in the field.

• KCI Concrete Journal
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.91-99
• /
• 2000

A new type of retrof=t anchor bolt that uses deformed reinforcing bars and a commercial adhesive was developed and then an experimental study was carried out to determine the behavior of the anchors in direct shear. The steel-to-concl몫ete interface was tested. Plain concrete slabs with about 20-MPa compressive strength were used for 23 direct shear tests performed Test variables were anchor diameters (D16, D22. and D29) and edge effect. Three different shear tests were completed: simple shear, edge shear where anchors were pulled against the concrete core, and edge shear where anchors were pushed against the concrete cover In the simple and the edge shear tests where the anchors were pulled against the core, the theoretical dowel strength determined by (equation omitted) was achieved but with relatively large displacements. The shear resistances increased with the increasing displacements. In the edge shear test where the anchors were pushrd against the cover, the peak shear strengths signif=cantly lower than the theoretical dowel strength were determined due to cracks developed in concrete when the edge distance was 80 mm. The peak strengths were about 50% of the dowel strength for Dl6 bar. and about 25% or less of the dowel strength for D22 and D29 bars. Test results revealed that the edge shear where the anchor was pushed against the cover controled.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제26권2C호
• /
• pp.73-80
• /
• 2006

4종류 토목섬유 조합으로 구성된 4가지 토목섬유 접촉면의 정적 및 동적 하중 상태에서의 전단거동을 평가하였다. 정적하중 조건에서 경사판 시험과 직접전단 시험을 수행하였으며, 두가지 시험 결과를 상호 비교하였다. 비교 결과 직접전단 시험의 경우, 직접전단 시험이 수행되지 아니한 낮은 응력 단계에서의 접촉면 전단강도를 실제보다 크게 예측할 가능성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 정적상태에서 수행된 두 종류 시험을 통해 산정된 전단강도를 이용하여 곡선형태의 파괴 포락선식을 구할 수 있었다. 한편 정적 전단강도와 진동대시험을 통해 동적 하중 상태에서 구한 접촉면 전단강도를 비교하여, 하중 특성과 가해진 응력 크기에 따라 각기 다른 마찰 특성을 보임을 확인하였다. 따라서 토목섬유 사이의 접촉면 전단강도를 정확히 평가하기 위해서는 실제 현장에 설치되는 재료를 대상으로 예상되는 응력의 크기와 하중 유형을 고려하여 시험이 수행되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 봄학술 발표회 논문집(I)
• /
• pp.323-326
• /
• 2005

Uniaxial tension test of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) bar reinforced concrete prisms was performed. The objective was to investigate the adequate cover thickness of the GFRP rebars. The tension stiffening effect of GFRP bar reinforced concrete was also studied. The test variables included rebar types (conventional steel rebar and two different GFRP rebars) and cover thicknesses (five different cover thicknesses ranging between 1-3db). Normal strength concrete was used. Cracking patterns on concrete surface and cracking loads were careful1y observed during the direct tensile test. The test results indicated that the adequate cover thickness of the GFRP rebars may even be larger than that of the steel rebars and that the cover thickness of 2db commonly specified for the GFRP rebars may not be large enough. The tension stiffening effect of the GFRP rebars was also quantified and documented from the test results.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술발표회
• /
• pp.595-598
• /
• 2010

Many economical and efficient methods such as sand drain method(SD), plastic board drain(PBD), sand compaction pile, vacuum consolidation method, etc., have been used for soft grounds. The case of sand compaction pile has an effect on accelerating consolidation and increasing bearing capacity by penetration at regular intervals under soft grounds for reducing the drainage path. But, this method has caused not only the nature damage by extracting the sands indiscreetly but also the economical problem for importing the sands because it needs so much sand to make the sand compaction pile. Thus, this study choosed the bottom ash which has similar engineering characteristics with sand. It was performed that clogging test and large direct shear test changing the bottom ash replacement ratio in soft ground for studying strength characteristics of soft ground using bottom ash compaction pile. As a result of the test, the internal friction angle was largely increased and the cohesion was decreased as the replacement ratio increased.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.38-42
• /
• 2015

Purpose: Accuracy and variability of movement in daily life require synchronization of muscular activities through a specific chronological order of motor performance, which is controlled by higher neural substrates and/or lower motor centers. We attempted to investigate whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over primary sensorimotor areas (SM1) could influence movement variability in healthy subjects, using a tapping task. Methods: Twenty six right-handed healthy subjects with no neurological or psychiatric disorders participated in this study. They were randomly and equally assigned to the real tDCS group or sham control group. Direct current with intensity of 1 mA was delivered over their right SM1 for 15 minutes. For estimation of movement variability before and after tDCS, tapping task was measured, and variability was calculated as standard deviation of the inter-tap interval (SD-ITI). Results: At the baseline test, there was no significant difference in SD-ITI between the two groups. In two-way ANOVA with repeated measurement no significant differences were found in a large main effect of group and interaction effect between two main factors (i.e., group factor and time factor (pre-post test)). However, significant findings were observed in a large main effect of the pre-post test. Conclusion: Our findings showed that the anodal tDCS over SM1 for 15 minutes with intensity of 1 mA could enhance consistency of motor execution in a repetitive-simple tapping task. We suggest that tDCS has potential as an adjuvant brain facilitator for improving rhythm and consistency of movement in healthy individuals.

• 한국건축시공학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.125-132
• /
• 2018

본 연구에서는 UHPC의 인장성능을 파악하기 위해 직접 인장시험을 계획하였으며, 직접인장시험의 문제점으로 나타나는 균열 부위의 불규칙성을 시험체 중앙부 노치 도입을 통해 보완하였다. 또한 직접인장 시험 값의 편차 발생을 줄이기 위해 배치별로 구분한 다량의 시험체를 제작하여 신뢰성 높은 직접인장강도 값에 대한 참고자료로서 제시하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 또한 현장 적용에 가장 적합한 강섬유 혼입률 1.5%에 대한 설계기준강도 120MPa의 배합을 양생조건을 두어 시험체의 역학적 특성 및 신뢰구간을 검토하였다. 결과적으로 압축강도 및 직접인장강도의 배치별 평균에 대한 편차는 큰 차이를 나타나지 않았으며, 직접인장 시험시 균열 위치는 모두 20mm 이내에서 발생하였다. 직접인장강도의 95% 신뢰구간에서는 평균 및 표준편차에서 범위가 상당히 작으며, 양생조건별 큰 차이가 발생하지 않았다. 결과를 통해 안전성 높은 직접인장시험이 이루어 졌으며, 배치별 시험체 제작 및 시험진행에 따른 신뢰성 높은 결과가 도출되었다고 판단된다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.1252-1258
• /
• 2005

The coarse grained materials which is produced in the domestic stony mountains are used as principle materials in the construction sites such as dams, ports, pavement structures and etc. Despite using of various fields like this, There is few apparatuses to experiment these materials in the country. some design parameters of the structures until these days was used from the result of former research abroad. Hereupon, We have developed the large scale direct shear test apparatus and we conduct research in order to get a shear strength of the coarse grained materials from the domestic stony mountains in Kyuong-gi, Choong-chung and Kyoung-sang province. As results of the test, it was revealed that the internal friction was ranging from $38.6^{\circ}$ to $44.5^{\circ}$ and the cohesion was from $1.1kg/cm^2$ to $1.7kg/cm^2$ depending on the local rock conditions.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.619-626
• /
• 2005

This work aims at studing the stress-strain-strength behavior of an CSG(cemented sand and gravel) materials. An analysis of the mechanical behavior of the CSG is performed from the interpretation of results by unconfined compression test, large triaxial compression test in which the influence of both the degree of cementation and age. For CSG, It was concluded that the characterristics of compression are direct measurment of the degree of cementation and age. In addition, hyperbolic model is adopted to express the relation between elastic moduli and cementation, age, confined stress in small strain. The results of the test show that clear correlation with each other