• 제목/요약/키워드: Large Bolt

검색결과 107건 처리시간 0.036초

양상선(楊上善)의 삼음삼양(三陰三陽) 학설(學說)에 대한 연구 - 음양속성(陰陽屬性), 관합추(關闔樞), 기혈다소(氣血多少)를 중심으로 - (A Study of Yangshangsun(楊上善)'s theory of three-yum and three-yang(三陰三陽) - focus on attribute of three-yum and three-yang(三陰三陽), the bolt-leaf-hanges(關闔樞) theory, large of small of gi-blood(氣血多少))

  • 이용범
    • 대한한의학원전학회지
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    • 제10권
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    • pp.450-493
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    • 1997
  • Three-yum and three-yang(三陰三陽) is the change state of yum-yang(陰陽) which is caused by six gi(六氣). They mean the flow of six gi(六氣) which exist throughout the viscera, the channel(經絡), and the skin. But it is not easy to understand the meaning because the contents of the attribute of three-yum and three-yang(三陰三陽), the bolt-leaf-hanges(關闔樞) theory and large or small of gi-blood(氣血多少) which is the main clue that explain it in ${\ll}$Somun(素問)${\gg}$ and ${\ll}$Yeongchu(靈樞)${\gg}$ don't coincide with each other. I, the writer, tried to understand the uncertain meaning and the contents which are written about three points above differently in each of the books that are ${\ll}$Somun(素問)${\gg}$ and ${\ll}$Yeongchu(靈樞)${\gg}$. So, from that the course that the book, ${\ll}$Huangjenegeong(黃帝內經)${\gg}$ is handed down is so relatively simple in a wood block-printed book, that the ${\ll}$Huangjenegeongtaeso(黃帝內經太素)${\gg}$ has less wong-words than the Somun(素問) and the Yeongchu(靈樞), and from that Yangshangsun(楊上善) wrote the note in the ${\ll}$Huangjenegeongtaeso(黃帝內經太素)${\gg}$ by royal order about 100 years former than Wangbing(王氷), as making projects of Yangshangsun(楊上善)'s note and the original of the ${\ll}$Huangjenegeongtaeso(黃帝內經太素)${\gg}$ which has relation to the yum-yang(陰陽) attribute of three-yum and three-yang(三陰三陽), the bolt-leaf-hanges(關闔樞) theory, and the large or small of gi-blood(氣血多少) and researching the Yangshangsun(楊上善)'s theory. The result is summarized like this. First, wherease the order of the change of three-yum and three-yang(三陰三陽) which is explained by Yangshangsun(楊上善) consider the change of yangi(陽氣) in body most important, the order of the change gaeggi(客氣)'s three-yum and three-yang(三陰三陽) considers chungi(天氣) most important, and the order of jugi(主氣)'s three-yum and three-yang(三陰三陽) considers jigi(地氣)'s change of ohaeng(五行) most important. If the order of change three-yum and three-yang(三陰三陽) in the ${\ll}$Huangjenegeongtaeso(黃帝內經太素)${\gg}$ is considered, each of taeyang(太陽) and soyum(少陰) are expressed as the base of yum-yang(陰陽) and yangmeong(陽明) and taeyum(太陰) are expressed as the palmy days of yum-yang(陰陽), soyang(少陽) and gyolyum(厥陰) are expressed as pacemaker(樞杻) which controls the change of yum-yang(陰陽). Thus, each has something in common that is fettered by the inside and outside. In the flow of channel(經絡), taeyang(太陽) and soyum(少陰) take charge of the behind of body, yangmeong(陽明) and taeyum(太陰) take charge of the front of body and soyang(少陽) and gyolyum(厥陰) take of the side of body. Second, in Yangshangsun(楊上善)'s bolt-leaf-hanges(關闔樞) theory, three-yum(三陰) is regarded as inside, three-yang(三陽) as outside, so when bolt, leaf and hanges fulfil their duties in inside and outside, the life(life force) is thought to be revealed normally. It is impossible to understand the bolt-leaf-hanges with the conception of the inside and outside which divide three-yum and three-yang(三陰三陽) into taeyang-soyum(太陽-少陰), yangmeong-taeyum(陽明-太陰), soyang-gyolyum(少陽-厥陰) according to yum-yang(陰陽) attribute, hence it need the special conception that is taeyang(太陽)-taeyum(太陰), yangmeong(陽明)-gyolyum(厥陰), soyang(少陽)-soyum(少陰) which center on their duties in inside and outside. In the denunciation of the word open(開) and bolt(關), because Yangshangsun(楊上善) said that the duities of taeyang(太陽) and taeyum(太陰) are shutter(閉禁), bolt(關) is coincided with that significance. Third, with explaining the large or small of gi-blood(氣血多少) of three-yum and three-yang(三陰三陽), Yangshangsun(楊上善) expressed the inside and outside either in the same way or differently. Because the inside and outside is interior of body and exterior of body, it is the explanation that is noticed by the fact that the property of large or small of gi-blood(氣血多少) is either able to be same or different. In this viewpoint, if we unite the contents about large or small of gi-blood(氣血多少) of ${\ll}$Somun(素問)${\gg}$, ${\ll}$Yeongchu(靈樞)${\gg}$, we will find that the descriptions of large or small of gi-blood(氣血多少) of three-yang(三陽) in ${\ll}$Somun(素問)${\gg}$ ${\ll}$Yeongchu(靈樞)${\gg}$ correspond with the ${\ll}$Huangjenegeongtaeso(黃帝內經太素)${\gg}$, but in three-yum(三陰), the contrary presentations exit. The reason is that large or small of gi-blood(氣血多少) of three-yum(三陰) isn't only expressed as che(體) in the point of che-yong(體用), but as a point of yong(用) that is a phenomenon. As researching the original of ${\ll}$Huangjenegeongtaeso(黃帝內經太素)${\gg}$ and Yangshangsun(楊上善)'s notes as a center about three problems that are yum-yang(陰陽) attribute, the bolt-leaf-hanges(關闔樞) and large or small of gi-blood(氣血多少) of three-yum and three-yang(三陰三陽), I, the writer, tried to explain the part which is written differently or has uncertain conception in the book ${\ll}$Somun(素問)${\gg}$ and the book ${\ll}$Yeongchu(靈樞)${\gg}$, but the concrete result of the work like this will be judged according to the question how many theories are correspondent with real presence at a sickbed. Hence, the work to veryfy the theories in the future will be left as assignment.

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인장하중을 받는 중대형급 선설치 앵커볼트의 콘크리트파괴강도 평가를 위한 연구 (A Study on the Concrete Breakout Capacity Evaluation of Medium-to-Large size CIP Anchor Bolts under Tension Loading)

  • 박용명;전명희;이건준;김철환
    • 한국강구조학회 논문집
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.493-501
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    • 2011
  • 콘크리트용 앵커볼트의 설계에 $45^{\circ}$ 콘파괴 이론이 그동안 적용되어 왔으나, 2,000년 이후부터 CCD(Concrete Capacity Design) 방법이 새로운 설계법으로 도입되었다. 그러나, 본 방법은 중소형 앵커볼트에 대한 실험 결과에 근거한 관계로 앵커볼트의 직경이 50mm 이하이고 매입깊이가 635mm 이하인 경우에만 허용되고 있다. 따라서 M50 이상의 중대형 앵커볼트에 대한 합리적인 인장파괴강도식의 도출이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 매입깊이 400~450mm의 M56 선설치 단일 앵커볼트의 콘크리트 인장파괴강도 평가를 위해 5개의 시험체에 대해 실험을 수행하였다. 그리고, 본 실험 결과와 최근의 타 실험 결과를 종합하여 매입깊이가 280~1,200mm인 중대형급 앵커볼트에 대해 현 설계기준의 인장파괴강도식의 적용성 여부를 평가하였다.

Torque Shear형 고장력 볼트 이음부의 피로거동에 관한 실험적 연구 (An Experimental Study on the Fatigue Behavior of Torque Shear Type High Tension Bolted Joints)

  • 장동일;이성욱
    • 한국강구조학회 논문집
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    • 제8권3호통권28호
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    • pp.151-160
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    • 1996
  • The fatigue test under the constant amplitude repeated loading is performed to investigate the fatigue behavior of the Torque Shear type high tension bolted joint which is able to manage the axial force uniformly. From the test results, it's known that the reduction of the axial force of T/S bolt followed by the elasped time is similar to that of the high tension bolts. The difference of relaxation is not occurred according to the position of bolts, the size of the introduced axial force but the effect of the variation of temperature is large. In the reduction of the axial force followed by the cumulation of the fatigue load, the outer bolt is larger than the inner bolt. This result depends on the difference in the distribution of the non-slip zone. The variation of the surface roughness affects the slip and the reduction of the anal force.

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현장실험과 수치해석을 통한 GFRP 록볼트 센서의 적용성 연구 (A Study on the Application of GFRP Rock Bolt Sensor through Field Experiment and Numerical Analysis)

  • 이승주;장석현;이강일;김범주;허준;김용성
    • 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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    • 제18권4호
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    • pp.129-138
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    • 2019
  • 본 연구에서는 모니터링이 가능한 나선형 철근 록볼트 센서와 GFRP 록볼트 센서를 대형 모형사면에 매설하여 사면붕괴 현장실험을 수행하고 개별요소법 및 유한요소법의 수치해석을 수행한 후 사면붕괴 초기에 발생하는 비탈면의 거동 특성을 분석하였다. 또한, 현장실험과 수치해석 결과를 비교·분석하고 나선형 철근 록볼트 센서와 GFRP 록볼트 센서의 암반 사면붕괴 모니터링으로 현장 적용성에 대해 고찰하였다. 본 연구를 통해 스마트 사면 붕괴 예·경보 시스템을 개발하였으며 향후 이 시스템은 산사태 및 지반 붕괴 전조정보를 사전에 감지하여 붕괴위험 지역에 거주하는 주민들의 원활한 대피를 유도하는데 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

압전소자를 이용한 볼트토크 및 크랙의 정량적평가에 관한 연구 (Quantitative Assessment of the Fastening Condition and the Crack Size with Using Piezoceramic(PZT) Sensors)

  • 홍동표;홍용;왕고평;김병진;김영문
    • 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국소음진동공학회 2006년도 추계학술대회논문집
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    • pp.603-606
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    • 2006
  • We present a study on the development of a practical and quantitative technique for the assessment of the structural health condition with using piezoceramic(PZT) sensors. The electro-impedance-based technique with the PZT patches is very sensitive for evaluation of the incipient and small damage in a high frequency range, and however the commonly traditional modal analysis method is effective only for considerably larger damages in low frequency range. The paper presents the technique in detecting and characterizing real-time damage on the specimen that is an aluminum plate fastened with bolts and nuts by different torques and as well a plate with a crack. By using the special arrangement of the PZT sensors, the required longitudinal wave is generated through the specimen. A large number of experiments are conducted and the different conditions of the specimens, i.e. the location and extent of loosening bolts, and the plate with a crack are simulated. respectively. Since fixing and loosening the loosened bolt is controlled by a torque wrench, we can control exactly the experiment of the different torques. Compared with the simulated healthy condition, we can find whether or not there is a damage in the specimen with using an impedance analyzer with the PZT sensors. Several indices are discussed and used for assessing the different simulated damages. As for the location of bolt loosening, the RMSD is found to be the most appropriate index for numerical assessment and as well the RMSD shows strongly linear relationship for assessing the extent of the bolt loosening, and the frequency peak shift ${\Delta}F$ is used to assess the cracked plate. The possibility of repeatability of the pristine condition signatures is also presented and the appropriate frequency range and interval are uniquely selected through large numbers of experiments.

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선박용 판형 열교환기의 볼트풀림방지 및 수량최소화기법 개발 (Development of a Technique to Prevent Bolt Looseness and to Decrease in Quantity for the Plate Type Heat Exchanger Used in Large Craft)

  • 김호윤;배원병;장영준;한승무;김철
    • 한국정밀공학회지
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    • 제24권9호
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    • pp.44-51
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    • 2007
  • There are many methods to assemble various parts of a product, and one of them is the bolting system widely used in a industrial field due to the merits; easiness to obtain strong tightening force, simplicity of assemble or disassemble in order to repair, substitution or cleaning, and so on. But this bolting system needs attachments not to let a bolt loose and they are an important factor to cost a great deal. In this study, some equations are suggested and FE analyses are carried out to verify the cause of the bolt looseness occurring in the tightening process. And because the number of bolts in the bolting system has been decided by empirical know-how of designers in the field, safety rate in the plate type heat exchanger is often too high. Therefore the equations to decrease in quantity are suggested in consideration of the relationship between a critical shearing force acting on the screw and a normal force acting on the cooling plate by the working fluid.

자동차 에어 브레이크 스프링 고정용 SCM435 볼트의 파손 해석 (Failure Analysis of SCM435 Bolt for Fixing Automotive Air Brake Spring)

  • 윤서현;김민헌;남기우
    • 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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    • 제23권1호
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    • pp.73-81
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    • 2020
  • This study analyzed the causes of failure of SCM435 bolts that fix the springs of automobile air brakes that have been fractured during use. The cause of failure was analyzed using SEM, EDS, metallogical microscope and Vickers hardness tester. In the fracture, the ratchet mark began at the outer boundary of crack origin, and the grains at crack origin were found to have clear intergranular corrosion. One SCM435 bolt was subjected to a stress of 398 MPa, it's a stress of about 80% of the fatigue limit. As a result of such a large applied stress, cracks occurred at the corrosion origin and were fractured. In order to prevent the SCM435 bolt from fracture, it is necessary to use the correct composition, the accuracy of heat treatment, preventing damage by external impact, preventing corrosion of the damage part by moisture, and introduction a compressive residual stress by peening.

장대록볼트 정착방식에 따른 인발거동특성 사례연구 (A Case Study on Tensile Behavior Characteristics of Long-length Rockbolt for Anchoring Systems)

  • 한상현;여규권
    • 지질공학
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.65-73
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    • 2007
  • 지하발전소 시공을 위한 지하대규모 공동 굴착시 소성영역이 크게 발생되므로 일반적으로 장대록볼트를 이용한다. 그러나 장대록볼트 설치시 록볼트 길이에 따른 휨발생과 정착효과에 대한 문제가 야기되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 지하대규모 공동 굴착시 가장 효율적인 정착방식을 결정하기 위하여 천단부와 측벽부에서 장대록볼트의 길이를 5.0m, 7.5m, 10.0m, 15.0m와 정착방식을 톱니 모양, 홈 모양 및 매끈한 모양으로 변경시키면서 현장인발시험을 실시하였다. 현장인발시험에 의하여 하중과 변위를 단계별로 측정하고 거동특성을 평가하여 개선된 정착방식을 제시하였다.

플랜지 볼트의 플라워 형상 결함 개선을 위한 단조 금형설계 (A forging die design to improve the flower shape of flange bolt)

  • 김관우;이근태;조해용
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • 제40권4호
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    • pp.314-319
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    • 2016
  • 플랜지 볼트는 체결하중을 분산시키기 위한 와셔와 같은 역할을 하는 플랜지를 가지고 있으며, 주로 냉간단조로 성형된다. 플랜지의 단조 시 꽃무늬 모양의 결함이 발생할 수 있다. 이 결함은 치수 정밀도 및 품질 저하 등의 문제점을 야기할 수 있어 이에 대한 개선이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 플랜지 볼트의 플라워 형상 결함을 개선하기 위한 금형 설계방법을 제안하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 기존의 단조 공정에서 앞판의 내경을 변수로 금형을 수정하였다. 수정된 금형을 적용한 단조 공정은 상용 유한요소해석 코드인 DEFORM-3D를 이용하여 시뮬레이션 하였고, 해석결과를 기준으로 단조 실험을 하여 결과의 신뢰성을 검증하였다.