• ETRI Journal
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.190-198
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• 2012

An adaptive correlation noise model (CNM) construction algorithm is proposed in this paper to increase the efficiency of parity bits for correcting errors of the side information in transform domain Wyner-Ziv (WZ) video coding. The proposed algorithm introduces two techniques to improve the accuracy of the CNM. First, it calculates the mean of direct current (DC) coefficients of the original WZ frame at the encoder and uses it to assist the decoder to calculate the CNM parameters. Second, by considering the statistical property of the transform domain correlation noise and the motion characteristic of the frame, the algorithm adaptively models the DC coefficients of the correlation noise with the Gaussian distribution for the low motion frames and the Laplacian distribution for the high motion frames, respectively. With these techniques, the proposed algorithm is able to make a more accurate approximation to the real distribution of the correlation noise at the expense of a very slight increment to the coding complexity. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the average peak signal-to-noise ratio of the decoded WZ frames by 0.5 dB to 1.5 dB.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.541-555
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• 1996

The Fourier transform plays a central role in the theory of distribution on Euclidean spaces. Although Lebesgue measure does not exist in infinite dimensional spaces, the Fourier transform can be introduced in the space $(S)^*$ of generalized white noise functionals. This has been done in the series of paper by H.-H. Kuo [1, 2, 3], [4] and [5]. The Fourier transform $F$ has many properties similar to the finite dimensional case; e.g., the Fourier transform carries coordinate differentiation into multiplication and vice versa. It plays an essential role in the theory of differential equations in infinite dimensional spaces.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.294-299
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 선형적으로 흔합된 영상신호에 잡음이 첨가된 영상을 대상으로 뉴우턴법과 할선법의 고정점 알고리즘 독립성분분석을 적용하여 분리성능을 비교${\cdot}$검토하였다. 여기서 뉴우턴법의 고정점 알고리즘은 기울기 변화에 따른 속성을 이용하며, 할선법의 고정점 알고리즘은 접선의 변화를 이용하는 속성을 가진다. 실험에 이용된 신호는 2개의 $512\times512$ 픽셀 2차원 영상이며, 가우스 분포와 라플라스 분포의 잡음을 각각 이용하였다. 실험 결과, 원 영상을 분리하는 시간에서는 뉴우턴법의 고정점 알고리즘 독립성분분석이 할선법의 고정점 알고리즘 독립성분분석보다 보다 빠르며, 복원성능에서는 할선법의 고정점 알고리즘 독립성분분석이 더욱 우수한 특성이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 한편, 잡음이 많이 첨가될수록 뉴우턴법의 FP-ICA와 할선법의 FP-ICA사이의 추출속도와 분리성능은 더욱 더 큰 차이가 있음도 알 수 있었다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2012

근사분산을 최대화하는 least favorable한 ${\epsilon}$-contaminated 정규분포는, 중간 영역에서는 가우시안이나 그 외의 영역에서는 라플라시안 분포를 갖는다는 사실에 근거하여 본 논문에서는 이 확률분포 하에서 비선형 잡음제거 알고리즘을 유도하고 이의 성능을 확인한다. 제안 알고리즘은 위 잡음 환경에서 MLE(maximum likelihood estimator) 이며, efficacy를 최대화한다는 기준에서 최적임을 증명한다. 또한, 유도한 필터를 미리어드 필터와 결합함으로써 임펄스 잡음을 효과적으로 제거하기 위한 비선형 필터를 제안하고 이를 이론적으로 분석한 다음 ${\alpha}$-stable 확률분포를 갖는 잡음에 열화된 이미지를 이용하여 그 성능을 확인한다.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.264-269
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• 2015

The chest X-ray image cannot be focused in the same manner that optical lenses are and the resultant image generally tends to be slightly blurred. Therefore, the methods to improve the quality of chest X-ray image have been studied. In this paper, the inherent noises of the input images are suppressed by adding the Laplacian image to the original. First, the chest X-ray image using an Gaussian high pass filter and an optimal high frequency emphasis filter has shown improvements in the edges and contrast of flat areas. Second, using fuzzy logic_histogram equalization, each pixel of the chest X-ray image shows the normal distribution of intensities that are not overexposed. As a result, the proposed method has shown the enhanced edge and contrast of the images with the noise canceling effect.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1987년도 전기.전자공학 학술대회 논문집(II)
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• pp.854-858
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• 1987

This paper considers impulsive noise which produce burst error in high speed(approx.160Kbps) data transmission like ISDN(Integrated Servise Digital Network) using PSTN(Public Switching Telephone Network). To begin with, we obtains the transfer function of subscriber line to calculate the variation of bandwidth when the gain of receiver is fixed and channel capacity of non-gaussian channel in upper-and lower bound, and evaluates the transmission capability. In this paper compares channel capacity bounds which obtains when probability density function of impulsive noise is Laplacian distribution function with impulsive noise generated by waveform synthesier.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2011

Mini Double Gears Frame is critical part of PDP and also produces couple hundred thousand every month. In the process of mass production, product inspection is very important process. Double Gear, one of the part of machine, was inspected by human eyes which caused mistakes and slow progress. To achieve the speed and accuracy the system was compensated by vision system which is inspecting automatically. The focus value is measured based on the fact that high contrast images have much high frequency edge information. High frequency term of the image is extracted using the high-pass filter and the sum of the high frequency term is used as the focus value. We used a Gaussian smoothing filter to reduce the noise and then measures the focus value using the modified Laplacian filter called a Sum modified Laplacian Focus values for the various lens positions are calculated and the position with the maximum focus value is decided as the focused position. The focus values calculated in various lens position showed the Gaussian distribution. We proposed a method to estimate the best focus position using the Gaussian curve fitting. Focus values of the uniform interval lens positions are calculated and the values are used to estimate the Gaussian distribution parameters to find the best focus position.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2001년도 합동 추계학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.26-29
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• 2001

In a target tracking problem the radar glint noise has non-Gaussian heavy-tailed distribution and will seriously affect the target tracking performance. In most nonlinear situations an Extended Robust Kalman Filter(ERKF) can yield acceptable performance as long as the noises are white Gaussian. However, an Extended Robust $H_{\infty}$ Filter (ERHF) can yield acceptable performance when the noises are Laplacian. In this paper, we use the Interacting Multiple Model(IMM) estimator for the problem of target tracking with glint noise. In the IMM method, two filters(ERKF and ERHF) are used in parallel to estimate the state. Computer simulations of a real target tracking shows that hybrid filter used the IMM algorithm has superior performance than a single type filter.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.144-153
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• 2009

최근, 사용자 제작 콘텐츠(UCC: User Created Contents) 또는 다시점 비디오(Multiview Video) 등의 응용을 위한 경량화 부호화 기술의 필요성이 대두됨에 따라 비디오 부호화 복잡도의 대부분을 차지하는 움직임 예측/보상 과정을 부호화기가 아닌 복호화기 측에서 수행하는 분산 비디오 부호화 기술(Distributed Video Coding)에 대한 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. Wyner-Ziv 부호화 기술은 채널 코딩을 이용하여 원본 영상에 대한 복호화기 측의 예측영상인 보조정보에 포함된 잡음을 제거함으로써 영상을 복원하는 구조를 가진다. 일반적인 Wyner-Ziv 부호화 기술은 키 프레임 간의 움직임 예측/보상 과정에 기반한 프레임 보간법을 통해 보조정보를 생성하며, Shannon limit에 근접한 성능을 보이는 Turbo 코드나 LDPC 코드를 통해 잡음을 제거한다. Wyner-Ziv 부호화 기술은 채널 코드의 복호화를 위해 보조정보에 포함된 잡음의 정도를 예측하는데, 이를 '가상 채널 잡음(Virtual Channel Noise)'이라 하며 일반적으로 Laplacian이나 Gaussian으로 모델화 한다. 본 논문은 변환영역에서의 주파수 단위에 적응적인 채널 잡음 모델링에 기반한 Wyner-Ziv 부호화 방법을 제안한다. 다양한 영상에 대한 제안 방법의 실험 결과는 기존 방법과 비교하여 최대 약 0.52dB에 해당하는 율-왜곡 성능의 향상을 보여준다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.529-536
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• 2016

In this paper we proposed an unsupervised algorithm to estimate the reverberation time (RT) directly from the reverberant speech signal. For estimation process we use maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) which is a very well-known and state of the art method for estimation in the field of signal processing. All existing RT estimation methods are based on the decay rate distribution. The decay rate can be obtained either from the energy envelop decay curve analysis of noise source when it is switch off or from decay curve of impulse response of an enclosure. The analysis of a pre-existing method of reverberation time estimation is the foundation of the proposed method. In one of the state of the art method, the reverberation decay is modeled as a Laplacian distribution. In this paper, the proposed method models the reverberation decay as a Gamma distribution along with the unification of an effective technique for spotting free decay in reverberant speech. Maximum likelihood estimation technique is then used to estimate the RT from the free decays. The method was motivated by our observation that the RT of a reverberant signal when falls in specific range, then the decay rate of the signal follows Gamma distribution. Experiments are carried out on different reverberant speech signal to measure the accuracy of the suggested method. The experimental results reveal that the proposed method performs better and the accuracy is high in comparison to the state of the art method.