• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.69-80
• /
• 2013

The present study examined balanced bilingual children's cognitive and affective perspective-taking and compared them to that of monolingual children. A total of 133 children aged 4 to 5 years and consisting of 73 Korean-English bilinguals and 60 Korean monolinguals were tested with cognitive perspective-taking and affective perspective-taking tasks. Balanced bilinguals were screened through general language ability tests in both English and Korean. Participant backgrounds were collected through a parent questionnaire. Results showed significant differences in affective perspective-taking between bilingual and monolingual children, demonstrating that bilingual children outperformed monolingual children. Although there was no difference in cognitive perspective-taking between bilinguals and monolinguals, the result showed that children's cognitive perspective-taking ability develops with age. This study provides basic information about bilingual children's perspective-taking ability and their bilingual advantage.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.185-197
• /
• 2016

This study was conducted to examine the factors affecting the life satisfaction of married female immigrants and Korean husbands. Data for this study were obtained from the National Survey of Multicultural Families conducted in 2012. The study sample consisted of 5,232 couples within the first five years of marriage. Data were evaluated using a paired t-test, K-mean cluster analysis, ANOVA, and ordered logistic regression analysis. The results were as follows: 1) life satisfaction was higher for married female immigrants than for Korean husbands. 2) The general characteristics, acceptance attitude, language acceptance, and social network differed significantly depending on life satisfaction levels. 3) The multicultural acceptance attitude of husbands, ability of married female immigrants to speak Korean, and ability of Korean husbands to speak wives' native languages improved life satisfaction levels. The results of this study can be used to improve the life satisfaction of married female immigrants and Korean husbands.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.174-186
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The study examined the correlation of perceived health status, health behaviors, and marital satisfaction in women who have immigrated to Korea through marriage. Method: Data were collected via questionnaires that investigated health status, health behaviors, Korean language ability, characteristics of couple, and marital satisfaction. Three hundred four subjects were selected for a 4-month period. The data of 300 subjects were analyzed using descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and correlation, after four questionnaires were excluded due to incomplete data. Results: Perceived health status varied significantly according to nationality, existence of religion, and period of immigration. The scores for perceived health status among women who had lived in Korea for more than 5 years were lower than for women who had resided for 1-3 years. There was a significant positive correlation between health status and health behavior, and health status and Korean language ability, but a negative correlation between health status and age. Conclusion: A program for the improvement of health in immigrant women should include communication assistance as their mother language and should provide periodic health screening.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.205-212
• /
• 2018

As a way to improve the software education ability of the pre - service teachers, we conducted programming learning using two types of programming tools (Python and Scratch) at the regular course time. In programming learning, various types of errors, which are factors that continuously hinder interest, achievement and creativity, were collected and analyzed by type. By using the analyzed data, it is possible to improve the ability of pre-service teachers to cope with the errors that can occur in the software education to be taught in the elementary school, and to improve the learning effect. In this study, logic error (37.63%) was the most frequent type that caused the most errors in programming in both conventional language that input text and language that assembles block. In addition, the detailed errors that show a lot of differences in the two languages are the errors of Python (14.3%) and scratch (3.5%) due to insufficient use of grammar and other errors.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
• /
• v.27
• /
• pp.7-29
• /
• 2012

This study was aimed to analyze - focusing on the thesis of Younes - the pronunciation error occuring mostly for Arabian speakers to learn French pronunciation for Arabians and to suggest the effective study plan to improve such errors and provide the effective studying method. The first part is on how the Arabic and French pronunciation system are distinguished, especially by comparing and analyzing the system of graphemes and phonemes, with which we focused on the fact that Arabian is a language centralized on consonants, while French is a verb-centered language. In the second part, we mainly discussed the cause and the types of errors occurring when Arabic speakers study French pronunciation. As of the category of mistakes, we separated them into consonants and verbs. We assumed the possible method which can be used in learning, focusing on /b/, /v/, /p/, /b/ - in case of non-verbs and consonants - and /y/, /ø/, - in case of verbs - which don't exist in Arabic pronunciation system. One of the troubles the professors in Arabian culture have in teaching French to native learners is how to solve the problem on a phonetic basis regarding speaking and reading ability, which belong to verbal skill, among the critical factors of foreign language education, which are listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. In fact, the problems occuring in learning foreign language are had by not only Arabian learners but also general groups of people who learn the foreign language, the pronunciation system of which is distinctly distinguished from their mother tongue. The important fact professors should recognize regarding study of pronunciation is that they should encourage the learners to reach the acceptable level in proper communication rather than push them to have the same ability as the native speakers, Even though it cannot be said that the methods suggested in this study have absolute influence in reducing errors when learning French pronunciation system, I hope it can be at least a small help.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.287-308
• /
• 2023

After launching its service in November 2022, ChatGPT has rapidly increased the number of users and is having a significant impact on all aspects of society, bringing a major turning point in the history of artificial intelligence. In particular, the inference ability of large language models such as ChatGPT is improving at a rapid pace through prompt engineering techniques. This reasoning ability can be considered as an important factor for companies that want to adopt artificial intelligence into their workflows or for individuals looking to utilize it. In this paper, we begin with an understanding of in-context learning that enables inference in large language models, explain the concept of prompt engineering, inference with in-context learning, and benchmark data. Moreover, we investigate the prompt engineering techniques that have rapidly improved the inference performance of large language models, and the relationship between the techniques.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.131-158
• /
• 2006

The purpose of the present study is to explore an effective way of teaching English vocabulary which is geared toward improving students' English communicative competence. This study focuses on English verbs, which may be followed by patterns according to subcategorization. Learning verbs must include learning about patterns as well as meaning in order to improve the ability to use verbs receptively and productively, or communicative competence. On the basis of the language progression proposed by Willis (2003), a teaching strategy which helps learners learn English verb patterns effectively and systematically was proposed. The effect of the teaching strategy was investigated. The subjects of the experimental group who learned English verb patterns intentionally through the teaching strategy proposed by this study significantly improved themselves in the ability to use them receptively and productively. This result shows that the teaching strategy including improvisation, recognition, rehearsal, system building, exploration and consolidation is helpful to improving communicative competence.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.1-19
• /
• 2001

The current status of in-service teacher development shows that teachers' awareness can be enhanced through critical reflection. This study shows how an English teacher improved her own teaching situation through action research. It reports back the action research the teacher-researcher carried out in the EFL classroom setting. Aiming to improve the pupils' English speaking ability, the teacher introduced 'Task-based Language Teaching (TBLT)' to the English class. The teacher and the pupils took part in the evaluation process of learning and teaching. It was found that the new approach to teaching speaking helped the pupils improve speaking ability and take an active role in learning process. It is further suggested that teacher-initiated action research can be done in collaboration with colleagues, administrators and researchers.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.17-34
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to research into the recognition level of employment and overseas employment on 173 students majoring in dental technology at two colleges in Daegu metropolitan city and Jeju self-governing island through questionnaires which are recorded individually. The results are as follows. 1. About 31.8% students chose dental technician department taking their aptitude into consideration when they entered college. 52% students gained information about dental technology through internet, and 57.3% students among them, which was the highest level, were under age 20. 2. 48.6% students responded that they thought the level of satisfaction with major was average and there was a difference according to their ages among the level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with their major and the previous knowledge of major they had gained before entering college. 75.1% students said they wouldn't transfer to other major even if they were given the chance, which was much higher than the opposite case. And only 2.3% students had dissatisfaction at their major, which means students majoring dental technology evaluate their major positively. 3. Most students(58.4%) wanted to get a job for living cost and 53.2% students took advice from their seniors or elderly people in choosing their jobs. 64.7% students answered they should have professional skills to get a good job, which was different according to their ages. In addition, 51.4% students of dental technology department regarded the opportunities to exert their abilities as the most important element in choosing their jobs. That means students value self-decision and selfrealization when they choose their jobs. 4. The majority of students(32.9%) preferred to work at the dental laboratory in dental college hospital as their workplace. Moreover, seniors over age 21 wanted to work in the field of porcelain and juniors under age 20 preferred to work in the implant part concerning the field which students wants to work. 5. About 91.3% students have ever heard about overseas employment and wanted to work abroad if given the opportunities(77.5%). This points out students have much interest in overseas employment and positive attitude. And there was a difference according to age and grade in case of the preferred country when they work abroad 6. The main barrier to overseas employment was a lack of communication ability(63.0%), therefore, students thought foreign language education should be activated to improve overseas employment(26.0%). To show this more specifically, juniors thought foreign language education and internship are most important factors(both are 21.4% alike), while seniors thought foreign language education is essential(24.6%) as a way to improve overseas employment. Students also thought that participation in language study club helps to prepare for overseas employment(69.4%). When putting all these survey results together, it's very important to develop people in advance who have job ability and language ability necessary for overseas employment as well as to improve job awareness in the field of dental technology. Consequently, it's needed to seek for various ways to get a overseas job through foreign language education and overseas internship.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.370-377
• /
• 2013

Traumatic brain injury(TBI) is a brain damage caused by an external physical force. TBI patients have disturbances of functioning including attention, memory, reasoning,, executive function, and pragmatic language. The aim of this study was to develop the cognitive-pragmatic language ability assessment protocol for traumatic brain injury(CAPTBI) and to evaluate reliability and validity. This study was also conducted to investigate domains that contributed to differentiate between the normal and TBI groups. The CAPTBI data were obtained from 226 normal adults and 62 TBI patients(mean age=$43.95{\pm}11.92$, $46.37{\pm}11.87$, M:F=110:116, 48:14). The CAPTBI had high item internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct validity, and concurrent validity. The normal group performed significantly better than the TBI group in all domains of the CAPTBI and the separate scores for 9 domains. All 9 domains were found to be significant variables to discriminate between the two groups. The most powerful variable was executive function followed by memory, organization, pragmatic language, problem-solving, attention, orientation, reasoning, and visuoperception in order. The CAPTBI could discriminate between the two groups accurately by 95.5%. This result demonstrated that 97.3% of normal adults and 88.7% of TBI patients could be discriminated by CAPTBI. In conclusion, The CAPTBI is appropriate for evaluating and identifying cognitive-pragmatic language disorders in TBI patients.