• 전자공학회논문지S
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• 제35S권2호
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• pp.31-39
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• 1998

In this paper, we have presented a quantitative performance effect of CCP(Call Control Processor) when SAAL(Signalling ATM Adaptation Layer) function is distributed from CCP to SIMs(Subscriber Interface Modules) in an ATM switching system with distributed architecutre. For the performance analysis, SLAM II simulation language is used and subscriber signalling messageand inter-processor communication messages according to Q.2931 based local call processing procedure are taken into consideration in the proposed queuing network model. The results of simulation are compared with in case of processing SAAL function on CCP. It is observed that the processing utilization of CCP reach 24,000 BHCA and 25,700 BHCAwhen SAAL function load amounts to 10% and 20% of the processing time of the total message, respectively. These values shows that the processing utilization of CCP is alleviated about 7% in comparison with 2,000 BHCA in case that SAAL function is carried out on CCP. Consquently, it is shown that we have to consider seriously how to distribute the functions concerning call processing in a large cale ATM switching system architecture accomodating a number of SIMs.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.399-417
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to explore the adaptability of U.S. multiple-choice items to measure Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching (MKT) in Korea. For this purpose, the authors selected the number and operations form B which was developed by Learning Mathematics for Teaching (LMT) project at the University of Michigan and then adapted items in terms of general cultural context, school cultural context, mathematical substances, and language in Korea. The survey was administrated to 77 Korean in-service teachers who had more than three years of teaching experiences. Based on the survey, the authors compared the data to that of U.S. teachers who had participated California's Mathematics Professional Development Institute. As a result, the survey measures less knowledge Korean teachers than more knowledgable Korean teachers and there are strong correlations of relative item difficulties between Korean teachers and U.S. teachers for both Content Knowledge (CK) items and Knowledge of Content and Students (KCS) items. This study implies the future direction for developing items to measure teacher knowledge as well as designing effective teacher education programs.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2009년도 학술대회
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• pp.290-294
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• 2009

병원, 관공서와 같이 규모가 크고 복잡한 공공기관을 방문하는 경우 우리는 종종 어디로 가서 무엇을 해야 할지에 대한 혼란을 겪게 된다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 상황인지 기반의 안내 시스템을 제안하고, 사용자의 상황 인지를 위한 지식 모델을 설계한다. 시스템은 능동적으로 사용자의 상황에 대처해야 하므로, 상황 인지 기반의 안내 서비스를 위해 사용자의 위치와 프로세스를 통합적으로 인지 할 수 있어야 한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 시공간 상황 변화를 인지하고 대응 할 수 있는 위치와 프로세스가 통합된 지식 모델을 제시한다.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제65호
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• pp.93-103
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose a method for optimizing a multiple pronunciation dictionary used for modeling pronunciation variations of non-native speech. The proposed method removes some confusable pronunciation variants in the dictionary, resulting in a reduced dictionary size and less decoding time for automatic speech recognition (ASR). To this end, a confusability measure is first defined based on the Levenshtein distance between two different pronunciation variants. Then, the number of phonemes for each pronunciation variant is incorporated into the confusability measure to compensate for ASR errors due to words of a shorter length. We investigate the effect of the proposed method on ASR performance, where Korean is selected as the target language and Korean utterances spoken by Chinese native speakers are considered as non-native speech. It is shown from the experiments that an ASR system using the multiple pronunciation dictionary optimized by the proposed method can provide a relative average word error rate reduction of 6.25%, with 11.67% less ASR decoding time, as compared with that using a multiple pronunciation dictionary without the optimization.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.264-269
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 영어 2음절 단어가 한국어에 차용될 때 어떻게 음절수가 변화하는지 살펴보고 있다. 일반적으로 영어 2음절 단어는 여분의 음절이 더해져서 차용되는 경향이 강하므로, 본 논문에서는 음절수가 증가하는 경향을 분석하여 음절수를 증가시키는 조건을 밝힐 뿐 만 아니라 음절수 증가 알고리즘을 찾아내는 것을 목표로 한다. 구체적으로 영어 2음절 차용어의 음절수를 증가시키는 요인으로는, 첫째 단어에 이중 모음이 있거나, 둘째 특정한 형태의 자음군이 있거나, 셋째 단어에서 마지막 자음과 그 앞의 모음의 특성에 따라서 어말 모음이 삽입되는 경우에 음절수가 증가한다. 이러한 요인에 근거하여 2음절 차용어의 음절수 예측 알고리즘을 4가지 규칙으로 제시하고 그 적용과정의 예를 들고 있다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.379-385
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• 2006

가변적인 컴포넌트의 재사용성이나 적응성을 높이기 위해 룰 기반 컴포넌트 개발 방법들이 제안되고 있다. 룰 기반 컴포넌트 개발에서 사용하는 룰 엔진들은 룰을 표현하기 위해 추가적인 스크립트 언어가 필요하며 따라서 복잡한 비즈니스 룰을 표현하는데 어려움이 많다. 본 논문에서는 다양한 룰 표현과 성능 향상을 위한 컴파일러 기반의 룰 엔진을 제안한다. 제안한 룰 엔진은 룰의 컨디션과 액션 부분을 표현하기 위해 자바 프로그래밍 언어를 사용한다. 따라서 복잡한 비즈니스 룰을 쉽게 표현할 수 있으며 실행 시에 동적으로 룰의 컨디션과 액션 객체를 생성해서 실행시킬 수 있다. 성능 면에서도 제안한 룰 엔진은 스크립트 기반 룰 엔진보다 우수하다. 성능 실험에 의하면 컴파일러 기반의 룰 엔진 성능은 스크립트 기반 룰 엔진인 JSR-94 보다 2.5배의 높은 성능을 보이고 있다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.2126-2131
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• 2005

Interactions of a humanoid with a human are important, when the humanoid is requested to provide people with human-friendly services in unknown or uncertain environment. Such interactions may require more complicated and human-like behaviors from the humanoid. In this work the arm motions of a human are discussed as the early stage of human motion imitation by a humanoid. A motion capture system is used to obtain human-friendly arm motions as references. However the captured motions may not be applied directly to the humanoid, since the differences in geometric or dynamics aspects as length, mass, degrees of freedom, and kinematics and dynamics capabilities exist between the humanoid and the human. To overcome this difficulty a method to adapt captured motions to a humanoid is developed. The geometric difference in the arm length is resolved by scaling the arm length of the humanoid with a constant. Using the scaled geometry of the humanoid the imitation of actor's arm motions is achieved by solving an inverse kinematics problem formulated using optimization. The errors between the captured trajectories of actor arms and the approximated trajectories of humanoid arms are minimized. Such dynamics capabilities of the joint motors as limits of joint position, velocity and acceleration are also imposed on the optimization problem. Two motions of one hand waiving and performing a statement in sign language are imitated by a humanoid through dynamics simulation.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.92-98
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• 1989

Concept analysis is a formal linguistic exercise to determine certain defining attributes. The basic purpose of concept analysis is to clarify ambiguous concepts in a theory, and to propose a precise operational definition which reflects its theoretical base (Walker, 1983, 27~28). In later life, elderly people are faced with various psychological problems such as depression, and lowered self-esteem for these psychological problems of the elderly. Reminiscence has been studied as an effective therapeutic measure by gerontologists and psychologists. It is considered to have potential as an effective nursing intervention with geriatric clients. The purpose of this paper was to explore the feasibility of adopting reminiscence as a nursing intervention through analysis of the concept. The concept can be defined as follows : Reminiscence is thinking and talking about one's past with or without a specific purpose. It is a composite mental process which involves psychological, emotional, and social interactional aspects. The defining attributes of reminiscence are : 1. Thinking about past experiences which are meaningful to oneself. 2. It includes the emotional aspect of past experiences. 3. It occurs with or without specific purposes. 4. It is communicated to others by means of language and the subject has the feeling of being heard. In regard to the consequences of reminiscence, it is expected to contribute to psychological adaptation by providing a sense of self-fulfillment and self-achievement, promoting the discovery of the meaning of life, decreasing depression, and overcoming guilt feelings and conflict about one's past. However, if the past is regarded as a total failure, it may be harmful to the psychological well-being of the subject.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2018

Background: The process of language translation, adaptation, and cross-cultural validation of tools for use in multiple countries requires the adoption of well-established, comprehensive, and rigorous methodological approaches. Back translation, which is the most recommended method, permits the detection of errors in the translation and the identification of words or phrases that cannot be accurately or literally translated. Objects: The aim of this study was to verify the content validity of a Korean version of a Balance Evaluation Systems test (BESTest) by using a back-translation method. Methods: This research was conducted in six steps: 1) translation of the BESTest into Korean, 2) evaluation of the translation conformity of Korean-translated BESTest, 3) evaluation of the degree of translation comprehension, 4) back translation of Korean BESTest, 5) evaluation of the technical and conceptual equivalence, and 6) completion of the Korean version of BESTest by the translation verification committee. Results: In this study, Korean version of the BESTest achieved a rating of more than 3 (moderate) for translation comprehension, and technical equivalence and conceptual equivalence of back translation were evaluated as 3 (moderate) or more. Conclusion: The Korean version of the BESTest has proven content validity and is an appropriate tool to measure balance function.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.271-292
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate what English teachers think about what and how to teach culture, as a way of helping students build relevant background knowledge and enhance their motivation in learning English. A total of 300 teachers completed a self-report questionnaire in four areas: (i) their understanding and liking of English-spoken countries, (ii) their use of materials and tools for teaching culture, (iii) their consciousness of teaching culture, and (iv) their needs for culture learning in the teacher-training program. The results show that (i) they think American culture is dominant in EFL but they are much interested in British culture; (ii) they rely on internet most for their cultural experience while they think students get much of the cultural information from textbooks; (iii) they are very much conscious of the importance of teaching culture for improving students' English proficiency; (iv) they want to learn in the teacher training program more about cultural practice, which can be subsumed under the so called 'small c'. The findings suggest that (i) textbooks need to include contents to promote students' cultural awareness and foster intercultural competence, (ii) teachers should use authentic materials with appropriate adaptation, and (iii) a teacher training program should cover a wide range of contents and skills for teaching culture.