• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2009

Forest parks are regarded as one of the scientific ways to keep the forest sustainably developed, meanwhile deliver the benefits to the general public. The development of forest parks in China has experienced simply more than 20 years and both the exploitation and management institutions haven't been set up systematically, which, in reality, reflects as inadequate legislative and policy framework. Without the regulatory guidance and collaborating assistance of environment relating governmental sectors at both national and local levels, it's inevitable that the development of forest parks in the country would face constant problems and conflicts. Therefore, it might be helpful to sort out this conflicts and problems and further more to work out how to solve the barriers. The research in this report started with introducing the IUCN Protected Areas Categories, the overall current situations in China and compared the definition of forest parks in the country and that in international experience. It is to aim to find out the real usufruct rights conflicts during the exploitation and management of forest parks and the method used in this report is field visit, previous investigation, collecting secondary materials, interview, analysis and comparison. The research result in this report couldn't cover all the conflict situations during the forest parks' exploitation and management in China but will provide the analysis of this problem from the legal perspective. Practical application and concerning suggestion will be fully discussed in Part 5 in terms of legislative, social and environmental effects.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.110-118
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• 2015

구산선문 중 가지산문 장흥 보림사는 문화 생태경관적으로 중요한 위치에 있는데도 조경분야의 연구가 부족하다. 본 연구로 17세기 이후 장흥 보림사 경관요소의 변화를 고찰하여 그 가치를 새롭게 인식하고 조경사적 위치를 확인하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 전남 장흥 보림사 일원의 경관요소에 대해 현장답사와 사적기(事蹟記), 중창기, 1928년 후지시마 가이지로(藤島亥治郞)의 보림사 실측도, 조선고적도보(朝鮮古蹟圖譜) 등의 관련 고문헌과 보림사정밀지표조사보고서, 국가기록원 및 전남 장흥의 과거 사진자료를 통해 경내 건축물과 지당, 사찰림 등의 경관요소의 변화를 고찰해보고자 하였으며 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 보림사의 입지는 보조선사탑비의 내용을 통해 풍수적으로 길지에 위치함을 알 수 있으며 십육나한상과 천불로 비보하려했음을 알 수 있었다. 중국의 남화선사와 비교했을 때, 주변의 환경구성은 비슷하지만 단을 쌓아 건물을 배치한 것은 차이점으로 보였다. 둘째, 보림사의 건축경관은 일제강점기와 한국전쟁을 거치고 현재까지 경관의 변화가 이어지고 있는 상태이므로 과거 경관자료 아카이브 구축 등의 조치가 필요하다고 판단되었다. 셋째, 보림사의 지당은 보림사사적기의 내용으로 보아 가장자리에 돌을 쌓아 만든 부정형이었을 것으로 판단되며 중창기의 내용을 통해 지당의 이름을 용천(湧泉)으로 추정해볼 수 있다. 또한 현재의 경관은 과거의 사진과 비교해보았을 때 경내 지반사업으로 인한 지표의 상승으로 변형을 가져온 것으로 보였다. 넷째, 보조선사탑비와 보림사사적기에 언급되고 있는 장생표주(長生標柱)는 한국전쟁 이전 사진자료에서 나타난 대웅보전 앞의 마른 향나무로 추측하고 있으나 도갑사의 국장생과 황장생을 참고하였을 때 석비형으로 추정되었다. 또한 보림사 중창기에 나타난 홍살문은 병자호란이후 승군의 충성에 대한 사액으로 세워진 것으로 확인되었다. 다섯째, 보림사 중창기에서 보림사의 연못 조성 등 사찰경관요소 조성 시 풍수지리를 고려하였음을 알 수 있었으며 또한 소나무, 보리수, 감나무의 식재기록이 나타나고 있었다. 여섯째, 차나무림은 정약용의 구증구포법 전수와 초의선사의 보림백모차, 이유원의 가오고략 등 관련 문헌을 통해 통일신라부터 시작된 선차일여의 다맥을 이어오고 있음이 확인되었다. 일곱째, 비자나무림은 관련 고문헌을 통해 비자가 국가의 제사와 의료약품으로 쓰였고 항공사진 및 보호림 지정구역의 위치를 통해 비자림이 내화수림대의 역할도 하는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.91-106
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• 1993

The objective of this study is to prepare a proposal for desired changes in the laws and regulations system of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) about cultural assets preservation. The related Korean regulatory system and literature for EIA have been surveyed and case studies have been analyzed and actual cases where cultural assets protection were of issue have been studied to deduce the problems of those areas. Based on the result of this study, proposed changes are as follows; 1. "Status of cultural Assets" is to be included as common assessment factor for all categories of object projects in "Table 2: Essential Assessment Factors for Individual Project Category" of "Ordinance for Preparation of EIA Statement, etc." 2. "Status of Underground Cultural Assets and Potential Underground Cultural Assets" is to be inserted as a survey factor in "Table 3:Format of and Instruction for Impact Statement". 3. The clause of "-- the survey should be performed on-site and the investigation report should be submitted." is to be inserted in methods of survey in "Table 3". 4. Ground survey of cultural assets should be performed prior to completion of project planning, that is, from the stage of pre-study for site selection. 5. The application of impact abatement from "Methods and Plants for Impacts Abatement" of "Report for Development of EIA Statement Technologies" should be included, with proper modification of timing, in "Ordinance for Preparation of EIA Statement, etc." 6. The expense liability clause in "Cultural Assets Preservation Act" is to be revised as "a certain ratio of expenses for excavation should be borne by the government." 7. Regulatory device for collecting appropriate opinions should be established. It may include Cultural Assets Preservation Committee's hearing to the project owner's opinion. be established. It may include Cultural Assets Preservation Committee's hearing to the project owner's opinion.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.111-129
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• 2007

Industrial heritage artifacts may include the industrial products, technologies and infrastructures that have contributed to modernization beginning with the Industrial Revolution. The history of our industrial heritage spans 50 to 150 years and can be characterized by taking into account the site and the technology. This paper analyzes 13 precedents in Japan, Canada, and the United States in terms of these concerns, with focus on the reuse of abandoned mines as industrial heritage. Field surveys and interviews about each abandoned mine were used to obtain historical records and material. The results describe progress in three phases (1) recognizing phase, (2) organizing phase, and (3) maintenance management phase. A proper methodology for reuse is necessary to ensure the authenticity of the abandoned mine, particularly in the face of poor tourism-oriented approaches. As a result of analyzing the 13 cases, we determined that the following principles should be considered during the reuse process. Firstly, reuse of abandoned mines should not be compulsory but should be a spontaneous process and especially, should be carried out by inhabitants. Secondly, education and real experiences in the abandoned mine should be used to ive visitors a feeling of authenticity. Thirdly, creative remodeling methods can be used to enhance the abandoned mine's facilities and the site. Finally, historic and new functions should be the focus of the revitalization. Because this paper mainly focused on 13 precedents, there are likely more diverse cases. However, the conclusions of this report have practical value for reuse of abandoned mines and can be used in establishing methods for reusing Korean abandoned mines as industrial heritage.

• 식물병연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2013

Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV; genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) causes severe losses to various legume species and a number of non-legume species, particularly freesia plants. In a survey of virus diseases in Gyeonggi province, Korea, BYMV isolates were identified from many cultivated freesia species. Here, we determined the complete nucleotide sequences of a BYMV freesia isolate (BYMV-Fr; accession number FJ492961). BYMV-Fr genome consists of 9,545 nucleotides (nt) excluding the poly (A) tail and encodes 3,057 amino acid (aa), with an AUG start and UAG stop codon, containing one open reading frame typical of a potyvirus polyprotein. The polyprotein of BYMV-Fr was divided to ten proteins and the cleavage sites of each protein were determined. The coat protein (CP) and polyprotein of BYMV-Fr were compared at the aa level with those of the previously reported 4 BYMV isolates. BYMV-Fr shared 90.1 to 97.1 and 91.0 to 92.5% at the CP and polyprotein homology. Interestingly, BYMV-Fr showed identities of a lower level at the nt level of 5' noncoding region (61.4 to 67.6%) and at the aa level of P1 (71.4 to 72.8%), comparing with four BYMV isolates. Based on the aa sequence diversity of CP and polyprotein, phylogenetic analysis with the four BYMV isolates showed two distinct groups and BYMV-Fr and most BYMV isolates were most closely related to the clover yellow vein virus among 52 potyviruses. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the complete genome sequence of BYMV freesia strain.

• 융합경영연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.10-32
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• 2017

The landscape of corporate reporting is changing quickly. The concepts, elements and principles that characterize the way organizations plan, manage and report their annual performances are currently being questioned, debated, and redesigned throughout the world. However, widening the scope of corporate performance and reporting is a major issue. Research needs to bridge the gap between social and financial performance by considering corporate performance in a wider perspective. At base, IR is a relatively new but powerful idea: enhancing the way organizations think, plan and report the story of their business. Organizations are using IR to communicate a clear, concise, integrated story that explains how all of their resources are creating value. This paper examines the rise of what has been widely claimed to represent a new and striking future for corporate reporting, namely the notion of "Integrated Reporting" (IR). Unfortunately, there is poor empirical research work undertaken which has focused on published integrated reports. This research study provides initial analysis of the content and structure of the corporate integrated reports published in 2013 and available on the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) Emerging Examples Database. As part of this study, Integrated Reports were analyzed for company information, report information and report content. Moreover, they were also evaluated as to the extent these adhered to the integrated reporting (IR) Guiding Principles, Content Elements, and the multiple capitals model. Findings of this study indicate that "early integrated reports were mostly lengthy, fail to adhere to all the guiding principles, and covered four of the six capitals suggested." At present, no universally accepted global framework for IR exists and it is still largely a voluntary practice. We believe that IR of both financial and non-financial performance should be made mandatory, and it should become a universal practice for all the global listed companies within the next 5-10 years.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.652-655
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• 2022

Patients with advanced malignant tumors, including both jaws, is a challenging task for a head and neck surgeon. Current treatment landscape demonstrates good functional, anatomical, and aesthetic results in patients who could previously receive only palliative care. The extensive tissue defects resulting from oncological resections in the head and neck region require immediate reconstruction due to the exposure of vital structures and their contact with the external environment. A patient was operated using a three-team multidisciplinary approach involving simultaneous work of three specialized teams of maxillofacial and reconstructive microsurgeons, as well as an implantologist and a prosthodontist. This approach allowed simultaneous tumor resection with subsequent reconstruction of the intraoperative defect involving bilateral harvesting of two revascularized free fibular osteomusculocutaneous flaps with dental implantation and simultaneous rehabilitation of dentition with crowns.

• 식물병연구
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.452-458
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• 2023

In the Goesan region, located in Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea, a significant outbreak of soft rot infections was documented in August 2021, affecting fruits of Momordica charantia, commonly known as bitter melon or bitter gourd. The symptoms included a noticeable transition to yellowing in the affected fruits, eventually leading to their collapse. The bacterial strain KNUB-09-21 was isolated from the diseased fruits. Molecular analysis, using the sequences of the 16S rRNA region and three housekeeping genes (dnaX, recA, and leuS), along with the results of compound utilization in the API ID 32 GN system, provide strong evidence for the identification of the isolate KNUB-09-21 as Pectobacterium brasiliense. The pathogenicity of strain KNUB-09-21 on M. charantia was confirmed through a controlled inoculation test. Within two days, inoculated fruits displayed soft rot symptoms closely resembling those observed in naturally affected fruits. This is the first report of soft rot on M. charantia in Korea.

• 식물병연구
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2024

In July 2021, symptoms of soft rot were observed on the stems of Ficus carica in Yeongam, Jeollanamdo, Korea. To accurately diagnose the cause, infected stem was collected and bacterial strain was isolated. Among these, the pathogenic strain KNUB-08-21 was identified as Pectobacterium aroidearum through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated sequences of the dnaX, leuS, and recA genes. The affiliation of the isolate with this bacterial species was also confirmed by its biochemical characteristics obtained using API ID 32 GN system. Artificial inoculation confirmed the strain's pathogenicity in figs, causing significant damage to both stems and fruits. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. aroidearum causing soft rot disease in F. carica in Korea.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2024

Dental sedation plays a pivotal role in alleviating patient anxiety during various procedures. Remimazolam, a benzodiazepine derivative, stands out for its distinctive attributes, particularly its rapid onset of sedation coupled with a brief duration, making it an invaluable option for dental applications. The patient was admitted for the extraction of impacted third molars via patient-controlled sedation and not only demonstrated stable vital signs but also expressed a high level of satisfaction with the procedure. An in-depth analysis of plasma remimazolam concentrations and changes in the Patient State Index revealed negative correlation patterns, highlighting the inherent potential of remimazolam in achieving effective sedation. This expanded research scope aims to provide a more nuanced understanding of the pharmacological responses to remimazolam in dental sedation scenarios. This case report offers valuable insights into the evolving landscape of dental sedation methodologies and paves the way for a more informed and evidence-based approach to the use of remimazolam in patient-controlled sedation.