• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.1 s.114
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• pp.1-9
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• 2006

The purposes of this study are to develop the concept and the measurement method of IGS(Index of Greenness in Streetscape) and to analyze the present condition of street environments through field surveys of IGS in Seoul. IGS is a new index which directly expresses human's perceptions of plants in a street and defined as the area ratio of which leaves of plants occupy in an eye-level view of a person standing on the center line of a street. In practice, IGS can be calculated from a photograph taken from a center point of a street at about 1.5 meter height from the ground with single lens reflex camera equiped with 50mm standard lens. The photograph must have a special composition in a way that the center point of the photograph is positioning at the visual vanishing point of street center line. Then the IGS can be calculated by computing the percentage of the area covered with the plant leaves in the photograph. Types of streets in Seoul were classified according to road functions into 4 types. We performed field surveys and calculated IGSs from 300 sample sites in Seoul. Followings summarize some of study results. The average IGSs for arterial roads, highways, alleys and back streets are 16.91%, 16.33%, 13.97% and 7.50% respectively. The difference of average IGS values between Ginkgo biloba and Platanus occidentalis was relatively large. From observation IGSs from April 4th, 2003 to October 2nd, 2003, it was evident that the range and timing of each plant species' IGS change is not the same. According to questionnaire to public officials taking charge of street greening, the current evaluated IGS is 24.4%, and it is expected to be 40.7% in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.65-78
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• 2015

An important factor in assessing the beneficial qualities of a city's intersection spaces can be measured by examining a pedestrian's approach to the space and calculating the openness observed in the overall design of adjacent buildings. These spaces are influential, since they offer opportunities for pedestrians to spend time and take in views of the surrounding environment. The intersection of horizontal components in cities such as Bundang-si and Suwon-si can provide a sense of openness or greenness. We believe that there is a need for careful analysis and study of such components, as defined by designations in Bucheon-si research, and that this study can give important insights for future urban planning and design. When assessing the openness of an intersection, a key variable is the reported rate of perforation, which factors into the greenness of a space. Because of the large and varied scope of this research, this rate is highly variable, as there were many differences between each site. In descending order of average ratios: Seongnam-si, 41.79% > Bucheon-si, 35.40% > Suwon-si, 30.42%. The data compared for each city was divided into study sites selected at downtown locations as well as in urban outskirts. Openness and greenness were analyzed at each downtown and outskirt site. A summary of the results shows a decreased openness average of -2.63% in downtown locations versus outskirt. The greenness ratios in urban outskirt areas were 4.86% greater than downtown locations on average. As it relates to the results of this analysis of openness, the comprehensive property zoning for each city was determined as a ratio of residential to commercial designations. This study analyzes view points within urban cross intersections in the downtown landscape. It presents basic data and research directions to promote a better environment with regard to openness, and consists of an analysis of the relationship between a variety of physical components.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.1 s.120
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• pp.28-35
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the visual preference factors for river scenery, which can vary according to changes in water levels, to estimate the optimal ratio of water surface/river width. Five locations on the Youngsan and Sumjin Rivers were selected as representative samples and field survey data such as channel geometry with water levels were prepared to develop the slide of river scenery, To estimate the level of satisfaction in river scenery, slides of 4 different water levels at each of the representative locations were developed through questionnaire. To analyse the correlation between the visual preference for river scenery and preference factors, a multi regression analysis method was adopted in this study. According to the results of the multi regression analysis, Factor B(Aesthetic factors) have the greatest affect on visual preferences and Factor A(A Feeling of Open space and Physical factors) affect significantly to visual preferences for river scenery. The results of analysis shows that the most preferred W/B ratio varies from 0.5 to 0.7 and this result indicates that many people prefer high levels river flow to maintain a natural and harmonious view of rivers. The results of this study will contribute to the field of river landscape design and river restoration projects in order to maximize the human being's satisfaction as a part of nature.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.1 s.108
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• pp.33-48
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to discover the landscape visual image of the slope scene and their harmony with surrounding sceneries. This research utilized the basic study tool of psycho-physics and processed the case study of ten types of slope construction scene along the highway. The analysis was performed by the data obtained from the questionnaires and the photos for the slope construction scene. The questionnaires for analysis the image of the slope construction scene and their harmony with surrounding sceneries were designed using semantic differential scale and 5 point Likert-scale. The major findings were as follows. 1. At the part of the visual preferences analysis, the slope revegetation methods showed high level of preferences generally than on the slope structure methods. While the slope revegetation methods were estimated friendly, continuity, harmonious, soft, light and wide, the slope revegetation methods were estimated unstable, female, static, simple, omnipresent, appeared as policeman of weak inclination. Also the slope structure methods were estimated stable, manly, complicated, steep and healthy but rough, unharmonious, unfamiliar and heavy. 2. Psychological factors, related to the satisfaction for the slope revegetation methods were composed of three factors, aesthetic, individuality and physical character. And the slope structure methods were composed of five factors, aesthetic, individuality, stability, physical character, and complexity. 3. At the part of harmony with surrounding landscapes, the slope revegetation methods were evaluated highly but the slope structure methods received the lowest evaluation. Also the harmony analysis with surrounding view on the slope revegetation methods showed degree of high more than average in all texture, form, color and scale but the slope structure methods showed degree of fewer than average degree in form, scale, color and texture.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2017

People are making efforts multilaterally to create agricultural landscape beautifully. Still in farming villages, however, large-scale facilities or houses are disharmonized with natural environment because of their outer colors, mostly primary colors, not considering natural environment. The main study is done on experts' color perception. Investigation about perception of color experts ' view according to the existence of the energy business based on the color to set the direction of the rural landscape in the future. The result of the study shows that the image of the rural area is not reflected well, and the symbolic color of the rural landscape is the reverse image according to the energy business. The rural village's image in the future, "Harmonious", "Natural", "Rural" were higher Figure. There were the most important and harmony with nature. Based on such future harmony with nature in the color planning The colors match and is expected to be the color within the scope. Lack of awareness in the current farming town scenery is unsatisfactory. Awareness about the need for further improvement was higher. Therefore, color according to a harmony with nature images in accordance with the type of farming model should be planned.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.323-334
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• 2004

Environmental sculpture is not just a decoration for architecture. It is a work of art with public interest and one of the best ways to improve street landscape design. Place of installation is very important for environmental sculpture, because it has close relationship with its surroundings and regional context. Field survey was performed on Teheran-Street, between Samsung station and Yeoksam station, central business district of Kang-Nam where lots of major buildings are located. All the 28 environmental sculptures facing Teheran-Street were examined. Relationship between environmental sculpture and street landscape design was investigated by three different points of view, relationship with architecture, intimacy with pedestrian, and space defined by the environmental sculpture. Environmental sculpture needs its own space and appropriate place to have beneficial influence on the sense of place. Environmental sculpture is important factor to control the quality of street landscape design. We should have macroscopic approach to determine place of installation, method and material of Environmental sculpture.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.178-188
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• 1998

In this paper, I tried to interpretate the matter and form of Chumsungdae, which has been mainly assumed as an facility for astronomical observaton of ancient Shilla dynasty, located on Kyongju, Korea. Basically, I took the thoughts of the place and the theory of cognition on landscape as a research tool, and the research was undertaken through the surveying the physical surroundings of chumsungdae and studying the references related to a myth, thoughts, and a tale of shilla era. This research was anticipated to find out the various symbolic meanings and functions of Chumsungdae and its place, which is somewhat different from the view of scientific uses of it. The matter and form of the Chumsungdae realizes the archetypal form of the well and meanings of petition for agricultural abundance, leading to a wishing for political stability of the nation, especially an authority of a reign of the queen, named Sun-duk who is the first one in Shilla Dynasty. The chumsungdae was located on the very sacred place surrounded by the tumulous and Kyerim forest which was birth and death place of the founder and king of a family of Kim. It does mean that the Chumsungdae was very scared work, and made place with combination of meaning above mentioned and natural environment. Finally, this paper suggested the neighboring area of the Chumsungdae be restored with the forest as an archetypeof old picture and environment of Kyerim.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.3 no.1 s.5
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• pp.105-113
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• 1995

Three-dimensional landscape map is very useful in terrain analysis as it looks like real shape of terrain. When three-dimensional landscape map is needed, landscape photos achieved at a position of high elevation or by airplane are generally used. But, this approach can not fully satisfy the user's need to get pictures from various view points. In addition, because photos have some geometric displacement caused by the principle of central projection of camera, it is hard to get accurate locations from the photo. This paper aims to get three-dimensional landscape map similar to real terrain feature from vertical stereo aerial photos by digital photogrammetric techniques. This approach can provide a very useful data for three-dimensional terrain analysis as a function of Geo-Spatial Information System.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.3 s.110
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• pp.84-93
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analyze the economic feasibility of the construction of a new ecological park, based on the case of a plan in Yeongcheon City. For fulfilling the purpose of this study, questionnaire survey was conducted in Yeongcheon City. Based on the survey data, cost-benefit analysis is conducted. For this study, costs and benefits of the project are estimated. Then, using NPV, IRR, and B/C ratio criteria, cost-benefit analysis for this study is conducted. from the empirical cost-benefit analysis, NPV of the proposed project is estimated at 5,420 million Won, IRR is estimated at 12.16%, and B/C ratio is estimated at 1.44. Thus, it is found that the construction of a new ecological park in this area would be feasible from the economic point of view.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.2
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• pp.74-80
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• 2004

The significance and means of parks and green space planning have been changed dramatically in this century in Japan. The first priority must be given to define the means and purposes of planning., especially the role of ecological, social and economical management with the increasing trend of environmental concern, and the method to estimate values of park and green space from the point of view of regenerative society development. The role of planning parks and green space is reviewed in the following three aspects; as tools for land use control (master plan), as tools for finding appropriate lands for purchasing land (development plan) and tools for application of individual development technique of green space and landscapes(site plan and design). It is a serious issue that the existence of parks in urban setting which used to be considered as a top priority, is now being challenged in terms of economical, social and environmental benefits. In such processes, the most important issue is to define what makes parks and green spaces attractive and ecological to obtain social support to be developed.