• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.68-80
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• 2005

This study intends to analysis problems and propose of EIA(Environmental Impact Assessment) and PER(Pre-Environmental Review) especially on division of landscape impacts. The problems of EIA and PER are first, on analysis of existing conditions side, insufficiency of the list of landscape elements and their descriptions and presentations, and the number of viewpoints and each validity second, on estimation of landscape impacts, the methods and techniques of estimation and simulation, and the process of impact estimation, third, on suggestion of reduction plans, reduction devices covering impacts, the lack of influence reduction forecasting devices, the deficiency of execution power of reduction plans, finally, the systematic connection of impact estimation with existing conditions analysis and reduction plans. Therefore, on each step from existing condition analysis to reduction plan suggestion, the solutions to each problem are proposed.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 1992

To prevent unwanted visual impacts of proposed projects before they are actually built, Visual Impact Assessment(VIA) is conducted in current landscape planning and management process. The application of VIA to actual projects raises some important questions: "What views will the project affect?" "What tools and techniques are effective for predicting and portraying future landscape conditions?" "Who should determine the value of the impacts?" and "How can the impacts be measured?" Types and levels of visual impacts should be decided through analyzing both the existing landscape and the proposed project. Computer-based visual simulations will play a pivotal role as effective prediction and communication tools. With professionals' assistance, the public participation in the VIA process will produce meaningful solutions for planning and managing the future landscape. Also, the use of a proper response format and sensitive assessment criteria in measuring the public's opinion will enrich outcomes of the assessment. Based on the methodological framework, the case study briefly explains an application of VIA to an actual project.

• 농촌계획
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.99-117
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• 2019

Environmental impact assessment (EIA), which predicts, evaluates, and manages the influences on natural landscape, plays a role of monitoring natural resources for systematic management of natural landscape. However, the function of verification and correction of the system is still insufficient and feed-back, one of the most important features of EIA follow-up, has not been introduced in Korea's EIA system yet. As a procedure, it is required to check if the opinions of the evaluators are properly reflected to the outcomes of the project through a reviewing process after assessing environmental impacts of a development project. In reality, despite the awareness about the importance of follow-up inspection of the conformity with, the system mainly focuses on the agreement during the planning stage of the development project and fails to continuously manage after its completion. There have been various preceding studies related to prediction, evaluation, and management of environmental impacts on natural landscape for better management. They primarily dealt with the problems in the EIA process and suggested improvement measures, including directions for institutional development, step-by-step goals, and operation methods, to address the problems which arise in the EIA follow-up process. However, suggested measures are not actively applied with the focus only put on institutional operation, there are virtually no standardized methods to predict and assess landscape changes due to the development project and to manage landscape after the project. Against this backdrop, this study aims to explore the existing methods to analyze the impacts natural landscape and to establish a system where landscape management is continued after the development project. To this end, we will suggest reducing methods according to the predicted changes in landscape for post-project management of natural landscape. Characteristics of reduction methods by project type were examined through reviewing the guide to natural landscape rating and the importance of development project impacts on natural landscape by type of reduction was evaluated through questionnaire for experts. Evaluated types of reduction are classified and presented by characteristics of each development project and content of reduction type.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze impacts of the forest fragmentation caused by development project. Furthermore, to investigate the applicability of landscape indicator when 'Feasibility of forest land conversion to other use' is conducted. The study site was consisted of golf course development and road construction. It is to compare before and after impacts of areal and linear development. As for the methods, selecting landscape indices, clustered into 3 Categories have been utilized. Category I was concerned with 'size of forest patches', II as 'shape of forest patches', and III as 'Core Area' These were calculated by FRAGSTATS, the program for analyzing fragmentation. The results showed that linear development caused more fragmented than areal development projects. Also, patch size, patch shape and core area are related to impacts of development, while Patch size decreased, patch shape and core area increased after development. Therefore, it is necessary to minimize the impacts of forest by considering fragmentation when development project is planned.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.230-241
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• 2023

우리나라 해상풍력발전단지 경관의 질 평가 관리체계 마련이 시급한 시점에서 외국의 사례를 분석함으로써 우리나라 해상풍력발전단지 경관의 질 평가 개선방안 마련을 위한 시사점을 도출하여 효율적인 경관평가 방향을 모색하고자 하였다. 해외에서 수행한 사례와 제도 분석을 통해 도출된 주요 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 해상풍력발전단지는 대규모 사업으로 해외 사례와 같이 사전 계획수립부터 경관에 대한 고려가 필요하다. 둘째, 해양경관의 질 평가항목의 확대와 체계화가 마련되어야 한다. 셋째, 새로운 경관 영향을 고려할 수 있는 탄력적인 평가체계가 요구된다. 해상풍력발전단지 사업에 따른 경관적 영향들을 파악하기 위해 해외 사례들을 통해 도출된 경관평가 항목 및 절차를 참조하되 국내 해상현황에 적합하게 반영하여 해상풍력발전사업 시 발생할 수 있는 경관영향을 최소화할 수 있는 계획이 구체적으로 도입되어 지속 가능한 해상풍력발전의 활용에 기여하고자 한다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.83-99
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• 1994

To compare basic information and to inspect impacts situations between 1987 and 1992, this study was executed in Chongnung valley of Mt. Puk'an. And to provide basic informations through the change of plant species diversity, some methods were applied and analyzed such as the degree of environmental impacts and belt-transect method. The results were summarized as follows; 1. In order to find environmental impacts by visitor, the degree of environmental impacts class that was proposed by Kwon(1991) was implicated. In 4 sites, total area of over impact class 2 is 86,692$m^2$ and area of impacts class 4-6 that is impossible to recover naturally is 36,856$m^2$. Totally, the impacted area was profounded qualitatively and quantitatively against 1987's. 2. In the vegetation change by visitor's impacts, species diversity was rapidly decreased as nearer the campsite and trail. And in the basal area and coverage, lower layer species was sensitively changed. Trampling-resistent species is as following; Robinia pseudoacacia, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, Staphylea bumalda, Clerdendron trichotomum, Stephanandra incisa, Rubus crataegifolius, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Weigela subsessilis, Rosa multiflora, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Lindera obtusiloba, Callicarpa japonica, Sorbus alnifolia, Symplocos mongolica and so on. In the results of soil hardness test, that was decreased as far away from campsite and trail. 3. In the 4 sites selected in Chongnung valley of Puk'ansan Natioal Park, management plans was largely divided 4 category, such as trail improvement, facilities setting, ecotone vegetation establishment, and vegetation rehabilitation. And a suggestion was provided to each site.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.10-21
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• 2007

강원도 평창군에 위치한 도암댐 유역은 인간의 개발행위에 따른 산림지역 파편화로 인해 산림지역의 상당부분이 농업/도시 지역으로 변화되어 왔다. 이러한 토지이용변화로 인해 하류 수역에서는 많은 부정적인 영향이 발생하고 있다. 그러나 토지이용변화가 도암댐 유역내 경관에 미치는 영향을 과학적인 분석 툴을 이용하여 수계단위로 분석한 예는 그리 많지 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 산림의 파편화가 경관에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 분석하기 위하여 경관분석 프로그램인 FRAGSTATS를 이용하였다. 복잡한 계산식으로 구성된 경관지수를 자동으로 산출해주는 FRAGSTATS 프로그램은 경관분석에 많이 이용해 왔으나, 각 경관지수별 설명이 충분하지 않아 FRAGSTATS를 처음 사용하는 사용자가 이를 이용하여 정량적 경관분석을 수행하기에는 다소 어려움이 있어 왔다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 경관 파편화가 발생하기 전과 후의 가상적이면서 단순화된 경관을 구성하여 경관지수를 설명하였다. 본 연구에서 기술된 경관지수를 이용하여 도암댐 유역내에서 산림 파편화가 경관에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 평가하였다. 총 19개 소유역중 S1 유역이 1985년부터 2000년까지 가장 많은 산림 파편화가 진행된 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 산림지역의 파편화, 이에 따른 토지이용변화가 수질에 미치는 영향을 수계단위로 평가하는데 매우 유용하게 사용될 수 있으리라 판단되며, FRAGSTATS과 같은 경관분석 프로그램의 결과를 바탕으로 한 환경친화적 토지이용계획 을 수립하는데 매우 유용하리라 판단된다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to propose the rural landscape planning criteria for Korean rural area. For this, the meaning of rural landscape is defined, and the legislative framework and several legal processes are surveyed, including the deliberation system for natural landscape impacts and the Landscape Law recently legislated. Through literature studies and analysis, the rural landscape planning criteria are proposed, which have step-by-step processes; goals and objectives, analysis and estimation for present conditions, basic planning concept, landscape planning for different visual landscape types, landscape designing for visual elements, and practical action plans. Each processes are designed considering the existing legislative framework, so it can be well-matched to current systems. But, because there are few rural landscape plans so far, comparing to the urban landscape plans, the validity of this criteria should be verified in the future studies.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.283-292
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to suggest visual resource management methods for the national parks and adjacent areas, where visual impacts by high rise buildings such as hotel, condominium, etc. become serious problems. In this study Soraksan National Park has been selected as a case study for landscape management planning. The results of this study are as follows: 1) Comprehensive landscape management planning for National Parks and adjacent areas is necessary to solve visual impact problems by high rise buldings such as hotel, condominium, etc. 2) It is suggested to investigate visual resources and conceptual landscape management ideas, to select landscape control points and lines, landscape management areas, and to prepare building height control plan for proper landscape management plan. 3) In case of Soraksan national park, the landscape management plan includes three landscape management areas : Landscape preservation area, General landscape management area, and special landscape management area. 4) In the part of special landscape management area, it is necessary to introduce landscape impact assessment system to more effective landscape management.

• 지적과 국토정보
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.197-209
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• 2016

The Marcellus Shale industry has impacted Pennsylvania since 2005 and has been a major driver of land use change ever since. The Pennsylvania state park system has been facing encroachment from this industry ever since the first Pennsylvania wellpad was drilled in 2008. Previous research conducted overviews the impacts associated with this industry in regards to environmental quality, but there is limited research associated with the social impacts. The conducted research overviews the Marcellus Shale industry in regards to encroachment on Pennsylvania state parks through a GIS analysis. The purpose of the research is to evaluate how the viewsheds (areas of vision from a given point) of Pennsylvania state park land has been impaired by the Marcellus Shale industry. The results of the research show how the landscape of state parks have change due to the Marcellus Shale industry, and also a focus will be placed on scenic vistas (areas that highlight spectacular views within state parks) of selected parks to see to what extent that pristine landscape has been altered. The results of the research will help provide an idea of landscape change utilizing a GIS analysis and hopefully help to guide future growth.