• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.83-93
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• 2007

Following the previous ones, this study is intended to explore methods of qualitative assessment on the view from apartment units. It first complemented and analyzed the attributes of landscape elements and then set up questionnaire items based on these attributes to identify the tendencies in apartment inhabitants' recognition of landscape elements, and then conducted a preference assessment on the test cases sampled on the basis of picture and other data collected in the previous studies to identify the characteristics of the preference for the view from apartment units according to landscape elements. Consequently, the following results have been derived. First, the landscape elements seen from apartment units may be classified into a total of sixteen categories, and the overall ratio of natural elements to artificial ones is shown to be approximately one to three. Second, it is also shown that apartment dwellers tend to prefer natural landscape elements over artificial ones, and the preferences for the distance to and location of landscape elements exhibit certain variance depending on the type of the elements. Third, the analysis of the preference for landscape elements has revealed that the types of landscape elements, the make-up and diversity of landscape elements, and the perceived distance to landscape elements as well as the resultant feeling of openness all affect the preference tendencies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.43-56
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to propose management strategies through aesthetic landscape assessments for landscape units in the Han River riparian(HRR) area. First, this research reclassified the HRR into "natural," "artificial," "agricultural," and mixed landscape types and selected 37 representative case areas(about $1km{\times}1km$). This study found 71 landscape units in consideration of topography and land surface classification. Landscape assessment consisted of landscape quality and landscape integration assessment. The criteria for assessing landscape quality were "naturalness," "interest," "uniqueness," and "landscape function." "Landscape quality" was ranked into five grades using a matrix. The landscape integration assessment consisted of an inner integration assessment in each landscape unit and outer integration assessment among landscape units. As a result of the field study, case sites were found to have 4,288 landscape units and an area of $42.8km^2$. The forest area was found to have the most space with $11,580,905m^2$(27.1%), while the wet lands had just $52,348m^2$(0.1%). In the landscape quality assessment, about 30.5% of the total area consisted of landscape units that scored highest in "naturalness". In the landscape integration assessment, about 39.3% of the total area consisted of landscape units which scored highest in "integration", denoting visual interrelation and harmony. The existence of disparities in landscape quality in accordance with the form of the landscaping was determined using a Oneway ANOVA, with "naturalistic" landscaping scoring the highest and "artificial" landscaping scoring lowest. This study may contribute to making the HRR area a more ecologically sound and visually attractive landscape space. It is recommended that the aesthetical and ecological value of the landscape unit should be assessed simultaneously in the future.

• 한국생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.71-77
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• 2002

For landscape ecological management of the isolated forestlands in Incheon city located in the western tip of South Korea, the forest vegetation of Mt. Cheolma was classified phytosciologically and mapped out its spatial distribution at a scale of 1:5,000. Characteristics of forest landscape structures were discussed in terms of the number and size of patches obtained by analyzing vegetation map. Units to manage the forest vegetation were categorized into eighteen communities, seventeen groups, and sixteen subgroups. Landscape elements were classified into five types: secondary vegetation, introduced vegetation for forestry (IVF), introduced vegetation for agriculture (IVA), and other elements. Two hundred and ninety-three forest landscape patches covers 443.3ha of which IVF accounted for 316.8ha(71.5%), the largest portion, secondary vegetation for f01.2ha(22.8%), IVA for 6.2ha(1.4%), and others for 19.1ha(4.3%). The ratio of natural forest elements of 31.9% showed that this area was mainly comprised of artificially introduced vegetation, such as Robinia pseudoacacia plantation and Pinus rigida plantation. Forest landscape patches have a mean area of 4.5ha, a density of 66.1/100ha, and a diversity index of 0.87. It was estimated that differentiation of patches recognized in community level would be related to human interference and those in subordinate level to natural processes.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.205-211
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• 2002

For landscape ecological management of the isolated forestlands in Incheon city located in the western tip of South Korea, the forest vegetation of Mt. Cheolma was classified phytosciologically and mapped out its spatial distribution at a scale of 1:5,000. Characteristics of forest landscape structures were discussed in terms of the number and size of patches obtained by analy zing vegetation map. Units to manage the forest vegetation were categorized into eighteen communities, seventeen groups, and sixteen subgroups. Landscape elements were classified into five types: secondary vegetation, introduced vegetation for forestry (IVF), introduced vegetation for agriculture (IVA), and other elements. Two hundred and ninety-three forest landscape patches covers 443.3ha, of which IVF accounted for 316.8ha(71.5$\%$), the largest portion, secondary vegetation for 101.2ha(22.8$\%$), IVA for 6.2ha(1.4$\%$), and others for 19.1ha(4.3$\%$). The ratio of natural forest elements of 31.9$\%$ showed that this area was mainly comprised of artificially introduced vegetation, such as Robinia pseudoacacia plantation and Pinus rigida plantation. Forest landscape patches have a mean area of 4.5ha, a density of 66.1/100ha, and a diversity index of 0.87. It was estimated that differentiation of patches recognized in community level would be related to human interference and those in subordinate level to natural processes.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.681-698
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• 2016

With increasing public concern for environmentally friendly agriculture, ecological aspect of landscape management is of growing importance. AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) analysis were conducted based on the delphi survey of 31 experts to evaluate the relative importance and the preference of landscape elements. Landscape components of organic farmland were classified into 2 landscape fields, 5 landscape types, 14 landscape units, and 37 landscape elements. Overall relevance score for the proposed landscape components were about 5.5 on the seven point scale. While the relative importance weight of cropland landscape field was 0.71, the weight of intra-structure landscape field was 0.29. Among the cropland landscape, relatively higher weight was assigned to farming system (0.47) and margins (0.31), as compared with hydrological system (0.22). In the farming system, crop (0.40) and farm land (0.39) were the most important landscape units. In the margins, higher weight was given to Buffer zone (0.44) and Trees (0.42). Biological habitat (0.43) ranked the highest score in the hydrological system. Preferable landscape elements were glass house, companion plants, rice paddy field, diverse crop species, small pond, and small river, which are representing ecological advantage of organic farming systems. This result indicated that the landscape elements identified in the study would be suitable to evaluate ecological aspect of rural landscape in organic farmland.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.105-120
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• 1994

The major purpose of this study is to suggest a comprehensive and systematic process for the preservation and management of urban skylines. The city of Seoul has been selected as a case study for this process. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1) An urban landscape masterplan needs to be established before the preparation of the preservation and management plan for urban skylines. 2) Preservation and management plans for urban skylines are suggested in the case Mt. Nam, Han River, Mt. Kwanak in Seoul city. In the case of Mt. Nam and Mt. Kwanak, the control of building heights and guidelines for building height have been studied. For the Han River, various alternatives in building height and disposition have been investigated for the enhancement of the visual quality. 3) Two major steps are suggested for the effective preservation and management of urban skylines. The first step is to prepare an urban landscape masterplan for the whole city, to delineate the skyline preservation area, and to fix controls on building heights in the area. The second step is to divide the whole city into landscape units, to make detailed landscape masterplan for each the units, and to fix controls on building heights in the units. However, only the first step will be necessary in a small city.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.43-53
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to investigate the administrative system of landscape construction during Chosun-Dynasty. This study is based on the analysis of historic documents including the Codes and the Chronicles published during Chosun-Dynasty. The landscape construction controlled by government during Chosun-Dynasty was mainly undertaken by the government office titled "Seon-Gong-Gam" undr the Ministry of Industry. There were two functions of the "Seon-Gong-Gam" : one was construction including building and landscape, the other was the supply of materials and technicians to the field of constructino work. The construction function was carried out through government office titled "Cha-Mun-Gam" was in charge of the construction works of inside Chang-Dog Palace, while "Five Units" classified by work were responsible for the works of outside Chand-Dog palace in Han-Yang. In view point of the activities and responsibilities of the above two divisions, : "Cha-Mun-Gam" and "Five Units", it is concluded that one of the functions of "Seon-Gong-Gam" was to construct and manage the royal gardens.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.495-513
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• 2004

The shape of land surface work as a cradle for various environmental processes and human activities. As spatially distributed process modelings become increasing important in current research communities, a classification system that delineates land surface into characteristic geomorphological units is a pre-requisite for sustainable land use planning and management. Existing classification systems are either morphometric or generic, which have limitations to characterize continuous ecological processes over the landscape. A new classification system was developed to delineate the land surface into different geomorphological units from Digital Elevation Models(DEMs). This model assumes that there are pedo-geomorphological units in which distinct sets of hydrological, pedological, and consequent ecological processes occur. The classification system first divides the whole landsurface into eight soil-landscape units. Possible energy and material nows over the land surface were interpreted using a continuity equation of mass flow along the hillslope, and subsequently implemented in terrain analysis procedures. The developed models were tested at a 12$\textrm{km}^2$ area in Yangpyeong-gun, Kyeongi-do, Korea. The method proposed effectively delineates land surface into distinct pedo-geomorphological units, which identify the geomorphological characteristics over a large area at a low cost. The delineated landscape units mal provide a basic information for natural resource survey and environmental modeling practices.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.83-90
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• 2014

The aim of this study is to find out the ways of community landscape design in American garden city, Logan in Northern Utah. I had been surveyed historic homes and single units to take a dig how to keep and develope a good community landscape of the city in both the Historic District and residential area, researching of documents. City of Logan surveyed contains a remarkable landscape views of various historical house styles and contemporary single units based on traditional house styles out of central street. For they have been controled by Center Street National Historic District Design Standards and Logan Land Development Code with Logan General Plan. Logan community shows today a particular identity and harmonious landscape of residential area in a view point of old and new buildings. There are three results of the study as follows: First, the types of homes in Historic District are focused on Victorian style with Prairie homes which are unique American style, the Craftman that is revised as American home style, and vernacular style. Second, the historical houses have been controled by HPC since 1978 in order to keep the original buildings and landscape architecture, and the general single units by building code of the city in General Plan. Third, it must be citizen participation design to build up a beautiful landscape that Logan has maintained a safety garden city people hope to live in.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.4 s.117
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• pp.69-83
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• 2006

Nature rehabilitation has become a major theme in river management in South Korea. An analysis and evaluation of the landscape is a crucial step to select the suitable tracts for developing or conserving land use in the process of landscape planning. The purpose of this paper is to establish a hierarchical procedure for the setting of the landscape units on the various scales at which field biologists performed their observations and to select the preserves through by a suitability model for synthesizing the ecological empirical, and biophysical data. An evaluation process needs to be performed according to the landscape scales: site, local, and regional scales, at which the environmental data were collected, analyzed, and synthesized. Introducing of three level scales was crucially necessary for evaluating the various multi level ecological data for zoning of preserves in river corridors. The evaluation level at different scales are hierarchically established into three phases. The first evaluation phase can be performed by the long length units defined by the ranges of stream widths at regional scale. Secondly, each of these long units can be divided into two or more segments according to its landscape homogeneity at local level. Finally the segments at the last phase can be designated according to the location of the reservoir weirs and bridges at site level. The conceptual model components are adopted for collecting, evaluating, and interpreting the biological and abiotic data at site level. Three preserves are selected, having high potentials for being intensely managed as the Ecological Education Areas in the river. Despite a lot of assumption the results are expected to facilitate discussion and decision making about which frameworks of evaluation are desirable and adaptable for integrating the ecological data into the rehabilitation design process in South Korea.