• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.206-209
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• 2007

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.1
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• pp.208-212
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• 2001

Based on the theory of characteristics and sustainable development in Kunming city, this article analyses and evaluates the development of urban tour recreation and resort in Kunming and puts forward viewpoints and blueprint for its future development in terms of culture, history; Nationality, folks-custom; three-benefit of society, environment and economy; and the urban ecology and green plants (landscape) etc.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.73-85
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• 2005

Natural disturbance and environmental pressure on natural ecosystems are gradually increasing, and the cause is significantly related to large-scale environmental pollution, global warming, decreasing biodiversity and habitat fragmentation. Environmental impact assessment(EIA) in Korea has been focused on distribution and composition of fauna and flora as major evaluation aspects in ecosystem assessment. It is well known that those characteristics of flora and fauna strongly depend on characteristics and quality of habitat and ecosystem. However, there is no items to assess habitat and ecosystems of spatial ecological system in EIA. Many countries are trying to develop the EIA items to consider the spatial characteristics of habitat and ecosystem and those ecological dynamics as well as species level. In this stream, landscape ecology is emerging discipline to examine spatial pattern and ecological process within/between habitats and ecosystems. Landscape ecological analysis, as a special tool for ecosystem evaluation, has been appropriately adopted to the EIA system in the advanced countries. This review paper tries to introducing the possibilities of landscape ecological concept into the Korean EIA system.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 2006

In Korea, a bibosoop is a type of village grove fostered to complement a weak part of the village from a Feng-Shui perspective. We examined the characteristics of bird communities in remaining bibosoops in two regions, Gyeonggi-do Province and Jeollanam-do Province. We surveyed patch preferences of birds at two landscapes in Gyeonggi-do Province. One contains a bibosoop with other rural landscape elements, and the other does not have a bibosoop. The two landscapes of Gyeonggi-do Province were similar to each other in the distribution of landscape elements. We observed that species richness was significantly higher at the site with a bibosoop, and that tits, Mandarian ducks, starlings, Eurasian scops owls, and woodpeckers utilized the bibosoop as a nesting site. Birds preferred the landscape with the bibosoop, and the internal movement of birds was significantly higher at the landscape with the bibosoop than at the other. The results suggest that bibosoops serve as a unique biotope that provides nest sites for cavity nesters, especially near nest-insufficient forests, and enhance the internal movements of birds among patches in the landscape.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.11 no.4 s.29
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• pp.47-57
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• 2005

The goal of this research is to evaluate landscape-ecological characteristics of watersheds in the Nakdong River Basin by using Geogaphic Information System (GIS) and landscape indices for integation of spatio-temporal informations and multivariate statistical techniques for quantitative analysis of forest landscape. Fragmentation index and change matrix techniques using factor analysis and grid overlay method were used to efficiently analyze and manage huge amount of information for ecological-environmental assessment (land-cover and forest landscape patterns). According to the results based on the pattern analysis of land-cover changes using the change detection matrix between 1980s and 1990s, addition on 750km$^2$ became urbanized areas. The altered 442.04km$^2$ was agricultural areas which is relatively easy for shifting of land-use, and 205.1km$^2$ of forests became urbanized areas, and average elevation and slope of the whole altered areas were 75m and 4$^{\circ}$. On the other hand, 120km$^2$ of urban areas were changed into other areas (i.e., agricultural areas and green space), and fortunately, certain amount of naturalness had been recovered. But still those agricultural areas and fallow areas, which were previously urban areas, had high potential of re-development for urbanization due to their local conditions. According to the structural analysis of forest landscape using the landscape indices, the forest fragmentation of watersheds along the main stream of the Nakdong River was more severe than my other watersheds. Furthermore, the Nakdong-sangju and Nakdong-miryang watersheds had unstable forest structures as well as least amount of forest quantity. Thus, these areas need significant amount of forest through a new forest management policy considering local environmental conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.147-157
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between wetland visitors' consciousness of ecology and their needs and thereby, provide for some effective measures to manage them. For this purpose, 3 study points were set up: "wetland visitors' consciousness of ecology and their needs", "differences of such consciousness depending on their demographic variables" and the "relationship between such consciousness and their needs". To this end, Upo Wetland visitors were surveyed for an empirical analysis. The visitors' awareness about ecology was measured with Dunlap's 15-item NEP Inventory, while their needs were analyzed in reference to Maslow's 7-Step Human Desire Ladder. The survey was conducted at Upo Wetland for 3 days, and as a result, a total of 228 questionnaires were returned. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; First, the visitors' consciousness of ecology and their needs were higher than the normal level. In terms of their consciousness of ecology, their awareness of the ecological crisis potential and anti-humanism was highest. In terms of their needs, the aesthetic need was highest, followed by the cognitive one. On the other hand, the needs for self-achievement and self-esteem were lowest; except them, the higher the needs were positioned at Maslow's ladder of desire, and subjects were more responsive to them. As a result of analyzing the correlation between the subjects' consciousness of ecology and their needs, it was found that the correlation was negative in some sub-areas, while being positive in other sub-areas. After all, the ratio of the sub-areas having a positive correlation was as 3 times high as that of the sub-areas having a negative correlation. Even as for the correlation coefficient values, they were higher in the positive sub-areas, which suggests that the correlation between wetland visitors' consciousness of ecology and their needs were positive, although at a lower level, in overall terms. As a result of comparatively analyzing visitors' needs by dividing them into 3 sub-groups depending on the levels of their consciousness of ecology, it was found that the higher their consciousness of ecology was, their needs were higher. Overall, wetland visitors' awareness of ecology was higher than the normal level, and it was estimated that such awareness would continue to increase. Hence, it could be inferred that their needs, particularly, their aesthetic and cognitive ones would continue to increase, too. Accordingly, it is deemed important to manage the wetland landscape making use of its visual resources, while continuing to provide the visitors with the contents fulfilling their need for knowledge.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.49-57
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to analyze contemporary changes of landcover patterns and landscape structure in order to provide basic data and methods for sustainable management and conservation in Baekdu Daegan region using GIS and landscape indices. According to the results based on the pattern analysis of landcover changes using the change detection matrix between 1975 and 2000, addition on $3.6km^2$ became urbanized areas. Otherwise, $85.7km^2$ of forest area shift into agriculture($72.2km^2$) and grass area($10.1km^2$) for the vegetables in highland condition and stock farm. According to the landscape structure analysis using landscape indices, forest areas were unstable forest structures because of fragmentation. Thus, to improve forest ecosystem, significant amount of forest through a new forest management policy considering local environmental conditions are needed. And, the connectivity of forests in local regions should be considered as well.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2011

This study aims to analyse the landscape ecological characteristics of 39 rural villages in Korea and classify them according to their characteristics. After producing a land-use map of rural villages, this study quantified the landscape ecological characteristics of the subject sites as 18 landscape indexes using Fragstats. By applying the landscape index as a variable, selecting 4 factor through principal component analysis and conducting a cluster analysis, it classified them into 3 groups. Rural villages of Korea have their unique types of land-use due to the influence of physical environment such as geography, climate and ecology as well as the social and cultural influence, and the characteristics of land-use can be analysed and classified using the landscape index, the quantified landscape ecological characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.166-174
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the actual vegetation and Degree of Green Naturality(DGN) in Naejangsan National Park in 2010. The actual vegetation of the surveyed site were classified into twelve plant communities and the others. Secondary forest were classified into eight plant communities; Pinus densiflora community, Deciduous broadleaf forest, Quercus mongolica community, etc. Afforested lands were classified into four forest types: P. rigida -P. densiflora forest, P. rigida forest, etc. The area of DGN 8 consisted of 60.58% while the area of DGN 9 consisted of 3.62% when compared with land area in Naejangsan National Park. The exotic plants needs to be managed for recovery of natural landscape and biological diversity in Naejangsan National Park.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.249-260
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• 2002

The cultivated lands in metropolitan, such as Seoul, are quasi-natural areas that have been disturbed continuously by human being and is in needs to be preserved and to be managed than to get more crop production in the light of nature experience for civilians through conservation of biodiversity and landscape diversity. However, the cultivated lands in urban areas have decreased rapidly, being changed into developmental areas in its land use. This study is to review change of land use as time change of the cultivated lands in Seoul and to draw the landscape ecological characteristics and structure in the cultivated land after their analysis on the basis of biotope type map in Seoul. The ultimate goal of this study is for development of prototype to enhance biodiversity in urban drypaddy culture area on the results of these analyses.