• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.212-235
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of the location and the spatial composition of Uireung that is located in Seokgwan-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, in order to understand the landscape architectural characteristics. The results are as follows. First, Uireung is 6.4km from Changdeokgung Palace and 5.5km from Heunginjimun Gate. It did not violate the distance standard (40km) for the royal tombs according to Joseon Dynasty Neung-won Myo-je. Second, Uireung is in harmony with the nature and shows the authoritative characteristics of the royal authority through the spatial composition and rank(Entrance Area, Ceremonial Area, Burial Area). Third, there are burial mound, stone sheep, stone tiger, stone table, stone watch pillars in the upper platform, and stone civil official, stone horse, stone lantern in the middle platform, and stone military official, stone horse in the lower platform, and T-shape shrine, worship road in the ceremonial area. There is no pond and a tomb keeper residence, but the position, size, and form can be approximated through historical research materials. There are a colony of pine trees around the burial mound and 64 species of trees such as pine tree, zelcova tree, and fir tree below the burial mound.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.107-123
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• 2021

In recent years, due to the continuous density and urbanization of space, the expansion of awareness of rights, the need for landscape conservation, and the development of construction technology, the conventional flat land use has been deviated from the conventional flat land use, and the transmission line, urban railway, parking lot, communal district, underground shopping mall, pipeline, etc. Although 3D spatial activities are carried out in the form of 3D space, there are considerable difficulties in administration to manage the 3D use of land due to the inadequacy of related regulations. In this background, for the administration that can manage Sectional Superficies, which is a representative case of 3D spatial use of parcels, which is a registered unit of land, first, the law on the establishment and management of spatial information, and cadastral re-examination from the legal and institutional aspects Standardization of 3D space registration through amendments to the Special Act, etc. and the formation of consensus among related departments. Second, in technical and administrative aspects, the registration of Sectional Superficies based on cadastral survey results, establishment of a platform for integrated management of location and attribute data, and registration method was found to be in need of improvement. As suggested in this study, by registering and managing Sectional Superficies, it is possible to manage various 3D land use of not only ground space or surface space but also underground space. It is expected to be able to register and manage lot-based 3D land use efficiently.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.129-144
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• 2012

This study was conducted to understand the community characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrates according to Growth Environment at 6 Palustrine Wetlands in a rural area. As growth environment factors, size, water depth, water inlet and water outlet, land-use and water environment was analyzed. Two years' quantitative collection of benthic macroinvertebrate was carried out, and it executed community analysis and ESB index calculation and also carried out twinspan, MDS and correlation analysis. As a result, the collected benthic macroinvertebrate was 1254 individuals with 3 Phylums, 6 Classes, 14 Orders, 35 Families, 52 Genera and 61 Species. Odonata and Coenagreionidae had the highest species and individuals. Dominance Index was 0.252~0.698, Diversity Index was 1.661~2.902, Evenness Index was 0.414~0.724, and Species Richness Index was 1.990~6.224. As a result of community analysis, when correlation analysis was executed, Dominance Index had the opposite tendency with Diversity Index and Evenness Index, which had the same tendency with the previous studies. When ESB Index was calculated, Grade 2 (polluted) had the highest species with 48 species (78.7%). It is determined from the Environmental quality evaluation and saprobity evaluation result according to ESB index that there is a need to revise environmental evaluation system more specifically. As a result of MDS analysis, the subject spots A and D had the highest similarity, and the subject spot E and D had a relatively high similarity. The life environment that is the closest related with species diversity is estimated by the land-use. As for number of Individual, it seems to have the closest relation with inlet, which is to be determined as a characteristics of Palustrine Wetland. Through such investigation, this study is expected to be utilized for various types of habitats including ecological pond and to be utilized for the increase of species diversity in rural areas.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.18-36
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• 1997

This study was conducted to analyze the text relating to the environmental conservation and ecology among the text of the constitution of Korea and collect the domestic laws(40 statutes, 1 guide, 1 leading case) and the foreign laws(1 constitution, 34 statutes, 2 ordinances, 3 leading cases). To make the text of the collected domestic and foreign laws a comparative analysis of the conceptual principle, plan establishment and project operation, types, policy and allied projects, rights and duties, allowed and restricted acts, environmental impact assessment and administration procedure and system of the environmental conservation and ecology by items, it was considered to the mutual relation with lots of laws which are scattered with the various laws and studied to how to set the many foreign countries on their laws connected with the environmental conservation and ecology from the other department and carry out the advanced environmental works.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 2011

With the rapid proliferation of wireless networks and mobile computing applications, the landscape of the network security has greatly changed recently. Especially, Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks maintaining network topology with vehicle nodes of high mobility are self-organizing Peer-to-Peer networks that typically have short-lasting and unstable communication links. VANETs are formed with neither fixed infrastructure, centralized administration, nor dedicated routing equipment, and vehicle nodes are moving, joining and leaving the network with very high speed over time. So, VANET-security is very vulnerable for the intrusion of malicious and misbehaving nodes in the network, since VANETs are mostly open networks, allowing everyone connection without centralized control. In this paper, we propose a weighted intrusion detection method using rough set that can identify malicious behavior of vehicle node's activity and detect intrusions efficiently in VANETs. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated by a simulation study in terms of intrusion detection rate and false alarm rate for the threshold of deviation number ${\epsilon}$.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.45-55
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• 2015

After the Korean war, two major attempts were made to reconstruct Gwanghwamun Gate as an important part of Korea's lost cultural heritage. In December 2006, the Korean government replaced the concrete gate with a wooden one, yet traces of the attempts made in the 1960s to transform Gwanghwamun Gate and the main road remain to this day. At the time, the Third Republic of Korea, sought to legitimize itself in the name of modernity, and went on to modernize the architecture and urban landscape of Seoul. The location and design selected for the rebuilt Gwanghwamun illustrated the symbolic relationship between historic heritage and urban development. The reconstruction of the gate began as part of the Third Republic's project to restore the Central Administration Building and culminated in the transformation of the main road in front of the gate. By reconstructing the traditional gate using concrete, the military government intended to convey the message that we could inherit our proud tradition using modern materials, and that we should actively adopt the new technologies of the modern era. This study begins with the premise that the Gwanghwamun reconstruction project of 1968 represents the application of new technological thinking to Korea's architectural style, and has two objectives. The first is to summarize the reconstruction process and method using the records and drawings from the 1968 project, which was then under the leadership of architect Kang Bong-jin. The second is to analyze the characteristics of the architectural style and structure of the reconstructed Gwanghwamun so as to reinterpret the relationship between Korean tradition and modern technology.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.583-596
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• 2016

Since the 1970s, advanced industrial economies have been suffering from rapid de-industrialization. While the impacts were more serious in the areas specialized in heavy industries, these old industrial areas are struggling with problems of high unemployment, environmental contamination and destruction of urban landscape. To tackle such problems and rebuild urban economies, some authors, such as Richard Florida and Charles Lanrdry, have suggested a new economy centered on "creativity." Adopting this suggestion, many countries have been attempting to create creative cities. Authors of this paper individually conducted a case study research on a few selected cities of England, France, Australia, Japan and Korea. This paper synthesizes the results of such research to compare and analyse the processes and mechanisms contributed to developing the creative cities in each country and draw theoretical and policy implications from the individual research.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.12 no.2 s.31
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• pp.57-64
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• 2006

The experiment was carried out to determine the distribution of total coliform the translocation of heavy metals and the salt accumulation in soils following the supply of ground water, the domestic wastewater and the ultraviolet treatment of domestic wastewater during the spinach and the chinese cabbage cultivation. There were not much changes in the Total-N, Total-P and cations in soils following the ultraviolet treatment of the domestic wastewater. However, the density of total coliform was dramatically reduced from 894MPN/100mL to 5MPN/100mL. The diagnosis of composition of soil after the harvest of chinese cabbages and spinach has shown that the concentration of Na$^+$ was 3-4 times higher in plot using domestic wastewater than in plot using ground water. When domestic wastewater and ground water were used in growing spinach md chinese cabbage at 50% each, the application of chemical fertilizers reduced about 25% to 50% compared to the criteria set down by the Rural Development Administration and there was not significant difference in terms of harvest. Using non-ultraviolet treatment of domestic wastewater directly on spinach and chinese cabbage has resulted in excessive density of total coliform at 25,000MPN/100mL. Even when ultraviolet treatment, the density was still high at 2,000MPN/100mL. The high density of total coliform even following ultraviolet treatment of domestic wastewater is considered to be caused by photo-reactivation of micro-organism. When reusing domestic wastewater, the application of sterilization such as ultraviolet, ultrasonic and electron-beam for public health and hygiene reasons may provide safe supply of agricultural water.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.21-32
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• 2008

The rural area has kept traditions and green open spaces highlighted in these days since the life quality elevated. Institute of Rural Resources Development has been conducting nation-wide survey project for rural amenity resources to construct the databases of rural amenity distribution and richness. Using surveyed data from the project, this study was implemented to evaluate rural amenity values based on SAW (Simple Additive Weighting) method considering two aspects including living and tourism amenity. For defining the set of evaluation criteria, the rural amenity resources were classified into almost intact nature resources(natural resources), interaction between nature and man resources(cultural resources) and man-made resources(social resources). The weighting values of the criteria were evaluated from the step wise pair-comparison results by AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method. In the results of weighting values related to living amenity, social resources was the hightest ranked criterion (0.512), followed by cultural resources (0.245) and natural resources (0.243). On the other hand, the results related to tourism amenity was that weighting values of natural resources, cultural resources and social resources were 0.481, 0.340 and 0.179, respectively. The two aspects evaluation methods was applied to the selected 18 areas (Myeon administration level) in Chungcheongbuk Do. The results demonstrated the differences of amenity values for living conditions and tourism conditions and could be used for prioritizing rural amenity planning.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.248-254
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• 2011

As the demands of island tourism increasing, the importance of information is considered the key success factor of island tourism. This study suggest the several factors that affecting in island tourism based on the previous studies of tourism research domain. the Important Performance Analysis(IPA) that has much popularity in tourism research is used to evaluate the information characteristic and priority of island tourism in university students of Korea. Based on the result of this study, the information of the natural landscape/scenery and the sightseeing related activity have less priority than the facilities and local foodstuff of the specific island. Considering the aspects and levels of currently serviced island tourism information, differentiated information that including the facilities and local foodstuff of island have reasonable priority for establishing effective and efficient island tourism strategy.