• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2008

To achieve autonomous mobile robot navigation, accurate localization technique is the fundamental issue that should be addressed. In augmented reality, the position of a user is required for location-based services. This paper presents indoor localization using infrared reflective artificial landmarks. In order to minimize the disturbance to the user and to provide the ease of installation, the passive landmarks are used. The landmarks are made of coated film which reflects the infrared light efficiently. Infrared light is not visible, but the camera can capture the reflected infrared light. Once the artificial landmark is identified, the camera's relative position/orientation is estimated with respect to the landmark. In order to reduce the number of the required artificial landmarks for a given environment, the pan/tilt mechanism is developed together with the distortion correction algorithm.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.236-242
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• 2010

위성항법시스템과 INS가 결합된 항법 시스템은 가용 위성이 없는 경우 항법 정보를 제공하지 못하는 단점이 있다. 이러한 단점을 극복하기 위해 비전센서를 결합한 항법 시스템이 대안으로 사용되지만, 일반적으로 특징점만 사용하여 항법을 수행하므로 가관측성이 부족한 문제점이 존재한다. 이때 사전에 위치가 알려져 있는 랜드마크를 추가적으로 사용하면 특징점만 이용하는 경우에 비해 가관측성을 향상 시킬 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 추가적인 랜드마크를 사용하는 경우에 대하여, TOM/SOM 분석과 고유치 분석을 통해 가관측성 향상 정도를 분석하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 특징점만 사용하는 경우 항상 가관측성이 부족하나 랜드마크를 사용하는 경우 2번째 갱신과정 이후에는 완전 가관측한 특성을 보였다. 따라서 랜드마크를 사용하면 가관측성이 향상되므로 전체 시스템 성능을 향상시킬수 있다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.891-897
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• 2008

GPS는 정밀한 상대 항법 정보를 제공해 줄 수 있으나 해당 지역에 기준국이 설치되어 있어야 하고 위성 관측 환경에 영향을 받는다는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 GPS 단독 사용 시의 한계를 극복하기 위해 사전에 알고 있는 랜드 마크의 기하학적인 배열을 이용한 INS/비전 센서 통합 시스템을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 사전에 그려진 랜드 마크의 이미지만 있으면 GPS 기준국 없이도 상대 항법 정보를 제공할 수 있다. 제안된 시스템은 간단한 시뮬레이션에 의해 성능을 검증하였으며, 이러한 결과 상대 항법 정보를 향상 시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1990년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국내학술편); KOEX, Seoul; 26-27 Oct. 1990
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• pp.716-721
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• 1990

It is one of the essential task to determine the absolute location of mobile robot during its navigation. In this paper we propose an algorithm to calculate the distance and orientation of camera from landmark through the visual image of stripe typed landmark. Exact closed form solution of camera location is obtained with the correspondences from vertical line on mark plane to the intersection point of projected line with horizontal axis of image plane. It needs only one line image information, so that location determination can be processed in real time.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제4권6호
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• pp.736-747
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• 2006

Simultaneous Localization and Map Building(SLAM) is one of the fundamental problems in robot navigation. The Extended Kalman Filter(EKF), which is widely adopted in SLAM approaches, requires extensive computation. The conventional particle filter also needs intense computation to cover a high dimensional state space with particles. This paper proposes an efficient SLAM method based on the recursive unscented Kalman filtering in an environment including a large number of landmarks. The posterior probability distributions of the robot pose and the landmark locations are represented by their marginal Gaussian probability distributions. In particular, the posterior probability distribution of the robot pose is calculated recursively. Each landmark location is updated with the recursively updated robot pose. The proposed method reduces filtering dimensions and computational complexity significantly, and has produced very encouraging results for navigation experiments with noisy multiple simultaneous observations.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.868-875
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• 2006

The localization is one of the most important issues for mobile robot. This paper describes a novel localization system for the development of a location sensing network. The system comprises wirelessly controlled infrared landmarks and an image sensor which detects the pixel positions of infrared sources. The proposed localization system can operate irrespective of the illumination condition in the indoor environment. We describe the operating principles of the developed localization system and report the performance for mobile robot localization and navigation. The advantage of the developed system lies in its robustness and low cost to obtain location information as well as simplicity of deployment to build a robot location sensing network. Experimental results show that the developed system outperforms the state-of-the-art localization methods.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2017

In this paper, we suggest the method for a mobile robot to move safely from an initial position to a goal position in the wide environment like a building. There is a problem using odometry encoder sensor to estimate the position of a mobile robot in the wide environment like a building. Because of the phenomenon of wheel's slipping, a encoder sensor has the accumulated error of a sensor measurement as time. Therefore the error must be compensated with using other sensor. A vision sensor is used to compensate the position of a mobile robot as using the regularly attached light's panel on a building's ceiling. The method to create global path planning for a mobile robot model a building's map as a graph data type. Consequently, we can apply floyd's shortest path algorithm to find the path planning. The effectiveness of the method is verified through simulations and experiments.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.4084-4104
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• 2021

Visual place recognition (VPR) is a fundamental yet challenging task of mobile robot navigation and localization. The existing VPR methods are usually based on some pairwise similarity of image descriptors, so they are sensitive to visual appearance change and also computationally expensive. This paper proposes a simple yet effective four-step method that achieves adaptive convolutional neural network (CNN) landmark matching for VPR. First, based on the features extracted from existing CNN models, the regions with higher significance scores are selected as landmarks. Then, according to the coordinate positions of potential landmarks, landmark matching is improved by removing mismatched landmark pairs. Finally, considering the significance scores obtained in the first step, robust image retrieval is performed based on adaptive landmark matching, and it gives more weight to the landmark matching pairs with higher significance scores. To verify the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method, evaluations are conducted on standard benchmark datasets. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method reduces the feature representation space of place images by more than 75% with negligible loss in recognition precision. Also, it achieves a fast matching speed in similarity calculation, satisfying the real-time requirement.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.310-318
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• 1996

It is very important for a mobile robot to estimate its current position With precise information about the current position, the mobile robot can do path-planning or environmental map building successfully. In this paper, a position estimation method using one color image is presented. The mobile robot(K2A) takes an image of a corridor and searches for the door and pillar, which are the given landmarks. The color information is used to distinguish the landmarks. In order to represent the presence of the landmarks, Image Mode is defined. This method adopts Kullback information distance. If a landmark is detected, with the color information, the mobile robot identifies the vertical line of the landmark and its crossing point and an experimental navigation is performed.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.99-107
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• 2014

In this paper, a landmark based localization system using a Kinect sensor is proposed and evaluated with the implemented system for precise and autonomous navigation of low cost robots. The proposed localization method finds the positions of landmark on the image plane and the depth value using color and depth images. The coordinates transforms are defined using the depth value. Using coordinate transformation, the position in the image plane is transformed to the position in the body frame. The ranges between the landmarks and the Kinect sensor are the norm of the landmark positions in body frame. The Kinect sensor position is computed using the tri-lateral whose inputs are the ranges and the known landmark positions. In addition, a new matching method using the pin hole model is proposed to reduce the mismatch between depth and color images. Furthermore, a height error compensation method using the relationship between the body frame and real world coordinates is proposed to reduce the effect of wrong leveling. The error analysis are also given to find out the effect of focal length, principal point and depth value to the range. The experiments using 2D bar code with the implemented system show that the position with less than 3cm error is obtained in enclosed space($3,500mm{\times}3,000mm{\times}2,500mm$).