• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.402-413
• /
• 2016

Marine oil spill accidents are occurring continuously due to the marine transportation of the oil. While building a preventive system for oil spill is uttermost necessary, we also need to have a systematic response system to handle the oil spills that inevitably occur. So far, studies have focused on the environmentally sensitive resources affected by oil spills. However, there is a need to conduct research to evaluate the damage to the socially and economically sensitive resources that make up the life of local residents. This study represents the process of building an analytical framework for the assessment of socioeconomic resources affected by marine oil spills. While it is important to provide a scheme for identification and indexation of socially and economically sensitive resources that is compatible with Korea's situations, using existing data for identifying socio-economically sensitive resources might also be meaningful. However, to allow accurate analysis for better evaluation, we need to select more applicable data among the various indicators. In this research, we have reviewed many existing case studies of sensitive resources, studies of the variables that have been used for indexing sensitive resources, and various factors considered in SIA (Social Impact Assessment). Based on the findings, we classify socio-economically sensitive resources into marine products acquisition, population, land usage, administrative area, and cultural heritage and tourist region.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.92-106
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to identify land use types and to develop and evaluate biotope maps for Gangseo-Gu (ward) in Busan Metropolitan City, South Korea, using the Degree of Hemeroby. Hemeroby is a measurement concept or tool to assess the magnitude of human impact on ecosystems. Gangseo-Gu is the second largest Gu in Busan and is under strong development pressure. Before the field survey, biotopes were pre-classified based on digital maps, aerial photos and high-resolution satellite images. The method employed in biotope survey and mapping was adopted from the modified method used in Seoul, which carried out the first biotope mapping in Korea in 2000. In the field survey, a comprehensive biotope mapping method was used. The results showed that the total surface area of biotopes in Gangseo-gu was $172,620,207m^2$(42,655 acres) and there were 29 biotope types with 13,631 polygons. The ratio of urban or built-up area 22.6% and the remaining areas were forest and open spaces, of which 22.6% were actual forest areas and 35.6% were paddy fields and other field areas. The Hemeroby Index of Gangseo-gu was 54.7, which suggests that Gangseo-gu has not yet been developed extensively and needs a long-term conservation and coordinated development plan.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.12 no.10
• /
• pp.4679-4688
• /
• 2011

This study was performed to the municipal waste generation amounts and characteristics for B city in Gangwon province, predicted the methane gas generation rate emitted from landfill, and analyzed the possibility of energy recovery to RDF(Refuse Derived Fuel) using combustible waste. The study results showed that the average bulk density of municipal waste for B city was 144.0 kg/$m^3$, and the average ratios of combustible waste were 36.0 % of paper, 21.6 % of vinyl, and 19.7 % of food waste. respectively. In the experiment for heating value, high and low heating value(moisture) was measured to 3,471 $kca{\ell}$/kg and 2,941 $kca{\ell}$/kg, respectively. After the prohibition of burying of food waste in landfill, the heating value of municipal waste was dramatically increased due to increase of the ratio of paper, vinyl, and plastic waste. The prediction results of methane gas generation rate emitted from landfill showed that the gas generation rate is increasing to 2,505.7 CH4 ton/year in 2021. After then, the rate is decreasing gradually. When the RDF facility is installed, the rate is decreasing after peaking at 1,956.9 CH4 ton/year in 2013. The generation rate of LFG emitted from waste landfill of B city was analyzed to 9.92 $m^3$/min, similar to 10.11 $m^3$/min for other city.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.323-336
• /
• 2014

Using hedonic price method, this paper analyzes the impact of restriction for water quality protection on property value with the officially announced price of reference land in the city of Namyangju in 2012 to evaluate Water Use Fee, based on beneficiary pays principle, levied on the downstream area of the Han River in Korea. The results from the regression analyses of the models used show that the double-log model is the preferred model in the case of Namyangju. Using the double-log model, the total compensation for the city of Namyangju is estimated to be 8.6 trillion won with 95% confidence interval between 4.4 trillion and 12.4 trillion won. Under the perpetuity compensation scheme at the discount rate of 10%, the estimated annual compensation is 0.9 trillion won with 95% confidence interval between 0.4 trillion and 1.2 trillion won. This is more than Water Use Fee collected in 2012 for the Han River, which is approximately 0.5 trillion won. Considering the size of the restricted area of the Paldang area, which is more than 18 times of that of Namyangju, the rate of Water Use Fee, which is based on beneficiary pays principle and imposed on the residents of the downstream area, needs to be increased to sufficiently compensate the economic loss caused to the upstream areas of the Han River in Korea.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.35 no.4 s.129
• /
• pp.397-410
• /
• 2002

In order to quantitatively identify historical drought conditions and to evaluate their variability, drought indices commonly used. The calculation method for the drought index based on the principal hydrological factors, such as precipitation and reservoir storage, can estimate the duration and intensity of a drought. In this study the Palmer-type formula for drought index is derived for the Nakdong River basin by analyzing the monthly rainfall and meteorological data at 21 stations. The Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI) is used for dry land sectors to evaluate the meteorological anomaly in terms of an index which permits time and space comparisons of drought severity. The Surface Water Supply Index(SWSI) is devised for the use in conjunction with the Palmer index to provide an objective indicator of water supply conditions in Nakdong River basin. The SWSI was designed to quantify surface water supply capability of a watershed which depends on river and reservoir water The Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI) is evaluated for various time periods of 1 to 12 months in Nakdong River basin. For the purpose of comparison between drought indices correlation coefficient was calculated between indices and appropriate SPI time period was selected as 10 months for Nakdong River basin. A comparative study is made to evaluate the relative severity of the significant droughts occurred in Nakdong River basin since 1976. It turned out that $'94{\sim}'97$ drought was the worst drought in it's severity. It is found that drought indices are very useful tools in quantitatively evaluating the severity of a drought over a river basin.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.54 no.2
• /
• pp.105-119
• /
• 2021

An increase in the frequency and intensity of both floods and droughts has been recently observed due to an increase in climate variability. Especially, land-use change associated with industrial structure and urbanization has led to an imbalance between water supply and demand, acting as a constraint in water resource management. Accurate rainfall-runoff analysis plays a critical role in evaluating water availability in the water budget analysis. This study aimed to explore various continuous rainfall-runoff models over the Soyanggang dam watershed. Moreover, the ensemble modeling framework combining multiple models was introduced to present scenarios on streamflow considering uncertainties. In the ensemble modeling framework, rainfall-runoff models with fewer parameters are generally preferred for effective regionalization. In this study, more than 40 continuous rainfall-runoff models were applied to the Soyanggang dam watershed, and nine rainfall-runoff models were primarily selected using different goodness-of-fit measures. This study confirmed that the ensemble model showed better performance than the individual model over different flow regimes.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2022

Recently, irregular torrential rainfall have frequently occurred due to abnormal climate, and landslide damage is increasing. In Korea, more than 70% of the total land is mountainous areas, appropriate measures are needed to prevent landslides by heavy rainfall. When improved soil is applied to the surface of the slope, it is possible to suppress an increase in groundwater level due to rainfall penetration and secure stability of the slope. In this study, the appropriate depth of improved soil that can confirm the increase in groundwater level and secure stability by applying improved soil to the weathered soil slope was studied. A total of three cases were analyzed for the slope of the cross-section: standard slope for weathered soil (1:1.5, 1:1.8, and 1:2.0). For rainfall conditions, referring to the regional frequency probability rainfall provided by the Water resource Management Information System, the increase in groundwater level by stage was confirmed by assuming a 500-year frequency precipitation maximum duration of 48 hours. As a result of the study, in the case of natural slopes, the slope was completely saturated before 48 hours the rainfall duration, and there was a possibility of collapse. the improvement depth in the slope of 1:1.5 was appropriate for more than 1m from the surface regardless of the rainfall duration, and in the the slope of 1:1.8 was appropriate of 1m for more than 36 hours. in the slope of 1:2.0, it was appropriate for that safety when improved soil of 0.5m for rainfall duration 48 hours or more.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.73-86
• /
• 2007

Risk-based remediation strategy (RBRS) is a consistent decision-making process for the assessment and response to chemical release based on protecting human health and the environment. The decision-making process described integrates exposure and risk assessment practices with site assessment activities and remedial action selection to ensure that the chosen actions are protective of human health and the environment. The general sequences of events in Tier 1 is as follows: initial site assessment, development of conceptual site model with all exposure pathways, data collection on pollutants and receptors, and identification of risk-based screening level (RBSL). If site conditions do not meet RBSL, it needs further site-specific tier evaluation, Tier 2. In most cases, only limited number of exposure pathways, exposure scenarios, and chemicals of concern are considered the Tier 2 evaluation since many are eliminated from consideration during the Tier 1 evaluation. In spite of uncertainties due to the conservatism applied to risk calculations, limitation in site-specific data collections, and variables affecting the selection of target risk levels and exposure factors, RBRS provides us time- and cost-effectiveness of the remedial action. To ensure reliance of the results, the development team should consider land and resource use, cumulative risks, and additive effects. In addition, it is necessary to develop appropriate site assessment guideline and reliable toxicity assessment method, and to study on site-specific parameters and exposure parameters in Korea.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.111-122
• /
• 2012

Establishment of the LFQC (Liquid Fertilizer Quality Certification) system is very urgent issue for recycling livestock manure as renewable resources in Korea faced with environmental problem of manure application to land due to intensive livestock farming. In this study, we investigated relevant laws and regulations on livestock manure fertilizer, certifications of eco-friendly agricultural products, government policies on livestock manure management to establish reasonable direction of Korean LFQC (Liquid Fertilizer Quality Certification) system. As a result from this study, the liquid fertilizers in 'LFQC' system could be classified as three levels according to the usage patterns in field; 1st. Individual Farm Level (IFL), 2nd. Joint Farm Level (JFL), and 3rd. Commercial Level (CML). And finally, we found some characteristics in 'Main Level-Grading Factors' of liquid fertilizer such as fertilizing value, harmfulness, stability, uniformity, economic effect, storage potential, commercial value, functionality. Those items were considered to be the key factors for the establishment of 'LFQC' system. More research on 'Evaluation Standards' for concrete guideline and on the 'Main Level-Grading Factors' be needed to complete Korean LFQC system.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.163-179
• /
• 2003

Multifunctionality of agriculture which is not traded on the market now has been an important international issue in that it environmental and public benefits. We carried out to modify and to update the function of upland farming on flood prevention and fostering water resources. Economic values of environmental benefits were evaluated by replacement cost methods. Models to evaluate the function of preventing flood were selected as: (1)precipitation(flood-inducing) - runoff(A), (2) soil depth ${\times}$ soil air phase, (3) precipitation (flood-inducing) - runoff(B), (4) soil depth ${\times}$ effective porosity of soil. Models to estimate the function of fostering water resources were (1) saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) ${\times}$ duration of saturation(days) ${\times}$ (1-ratio of water flow directly into river), (2) precipitation ${\times}$ ratio of water fostered by rain resources ${\times}$ (area of upland/total land area), and (3) soil water retention quantity(under standing crop or tree) - SWRQ(in bare soil). Function of preventing flood was $883Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of water per year and 645 million Mg for the whole upland area. Function of fostering water resources was $94.1Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of water per year and 69 million Mg for the whole upland area. The value of flood-preventing function evaluated by replacement cost methods was estimated 1,428 billion won per year as compared to the cost for dam construction. The value of water resource fostering were estimated 8.6 billion won in the price of living water.