• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the applicability of poly-L-guluronic alginate (PGA) gel in vascular embolization with angiography simulation. Materials and Methods : To prepare a gel-forming PGA from no guluronate-rich Laminaria japonica, a new acid hydrolysis method was employed with a lower HCL concentration (0.03 M) and a shorter treatment time (5 min). The obtained PGAs were selected based on gel stability and viscosity. Glass aneurysm model was used to simulate gel embolization in vitro. Then, finally, the PGA was used to embolize the renal vascular system by using a rabbit model and angiography. Results : Glass aneurysm model was made to simulate gel embolization procedure. PGA solution was injected from pump through 2-way catheter. Subsequent injection of $CaCl_2$ successfully formed gels inside aneurysm model that conforming to its inner contour. In rabbit model, first, renal artery and aorta leading to the right kidney were ligated to block blood flow, then conventional contrast agent was injected through aorta to check the arterial patency to the left kidney. In sequential artery injection method, PGA and $CaCl_2$ were injected through renal artery sequentially via a single catheter. Re-injection of contrast agent after removing ligated aorta showed blood flow to the right kidney but no flow in the left kidney. This result demonstrated a complete blocking of blood flow due to gel formation in vascular bed of the left kidney. Conclusion : Instillation of calcium alginate into aneurysm model and arterial system in vivo produced an embolization that better fills and conforms to the contour of aneurysms or blocking vascular bed completely. Therefore, PGA was effective endovascular occlusion materials and provide an efficiency of vascular angiography.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.829-833
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• 2004

The major compositions of Lentinus edodes seasoning(LES) compose of 30.3% of Lentinus edodes fruit body, 18.1 % of anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) powder and 51.6% of sea tangle (Laminaria japonica), prawn and green tea powder and so on were investigated in order to evaluate the nutritional value. Sodium concentration in LES was high up to 5,042.99 mg/IOO g and K, Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu were followed. There were nineteen total amino acids in LES. The glutamic acid content was high up to 4.62 mg/100 mg and glycine, leucine, alanine, aspartic acid were followed. Among twenty free amino acids, glycine content was high up to 2.37 mg/100 mg and glutamic acid, asparanine, proline, taurin and aspartic acid were followed. The contents of vitamin C in LES was high up to 224.78 mg/100 g and pantothenic acid, vitamin B$_{6}$, niacin, vitamin E, folic acid, vitamin B$_{l}$ vitamin B$_{2}$, vitamin D$_{3}$, vitamin A, vitamin B$_{12}$ and vitamin $K_{l}$ were followed.wed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3081-3088
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• 2013

Phenolic contents and antioxidant activities were determined in the water and ethanol extracts from six species of edible seaweeds, Phaeophyceae (Laminaria japonica, Hizikia fusiformis and Undaria pinnatifida), Rhodophyceae (Porphyra tenera and Gracilaria verrucosa) and Chlorophyceae (Ulva lactuca). The highest extraction yield was observed in water extract (pH 8.0) of G. verrucosa (44.23 %) and phenolic content was the highest in ethanolic (75 %) extract of H. fusiformis (52.82 ${\mu}g/mg$). 25 % ethanolic extract from U. lactuca was found to have the highest DPPH radicals scavenging activity(19.29 %) and superoxide anion scavenging activitiy was higher in water extract (pH 8.0) from H. fusiformis (81.20 %) than that other seaweeds. Phenolic contents were strongly correlated with antioxidant activity in the six edible seaweeds extracts ($R^2$=0.852). Taken together, these results indicate that H fusiformis may be a excellent source for development of natural antioxidants.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1004-1009
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• 2013

The biochemical compositions and nutritive values of six species of seaweeds were analyzed to determine their applicability in functional foods or ingredients. The biochemical compositions (moisture, ash, protein, lipid, and dietary fiber) and fatty acid contents were determined for the following seaweed extracts: Phaeophyceae (Laminaria japonica, Hizikia fusiformis, and Undaria pinnatifida), Rhodophyceae (Porphyra tenera and Gracilaria verrucosa), and Chlorophyceae (Ulva lactuca). The moisture content (% dry weight) ranged from 11.47% to 13.94%, ash from 19.15% to 26.50%, protein from 5.08% to 15.44%, lipid from 2.75% to 4.43%, and dietary fiber from 36.84% to 52.98%. C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C16:1, C18: 1n-3, C18:2n-6, C18:3n-6, C20:4n-6, and C20:5n-3 represented the predominant proportions of fatty acids. Interestingly, docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3, DHA) was either not found or only detected in trace amounts in the analyzed seaweeds. The levels of n-3 fatty acid were higher than other polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the n-6/n-3 ratio was very low. These results indicate that seaweed inhabiting Korean coastal areas will be beneficial to human health.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.698-704
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• 2020

Although various biological extracts derived from the resources from Jeju are currently being developed for cosmetic materials, few studies using Brown algae from Jeju have been conducted. This study identified materials with high antioxidant levels and examined their whitening effects to assess their feasibility as potential cosmetic resources. Brown algae from Jeju (Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar, Laminaria japonica, Ecklonia cava, Hizikia fusiforme (Harvey) Okamura (HF), and Sargassum fulvellum (Turner) C. Agardh (SF) were processed using a supercritical fluid system at 50℃ and 400 bar, and their total phenol content, antioxidant activity, tyrosinase inhibition, and primary skin irritation were measured. Of all the samples, only SF using the supercritical fluid system (SFS) displayed concentration-dependent behavior for the total phenol content (p<0.05). Among the samples, the antioxidant activity of SFS was significantly higher (p<0.05) and the one increased at higher concentrations (p<0.05). On the other hand, tyrosinase was inhibited to a greater extent with HF than the others. The primary skin irritation tests showed that none of the samples were skin irritants. This study confirmed the feasibility of using Phaeophyceae from Jeju as potential cosmetic materials, where the samples can be selected and utilized based on the required physicochemical properties.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.594-598
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• 2012

In the present study, biogas was produced from the anaerobic digestion of marine macroalgae (Laminaria japonica) biomass. The optimal anaerobic condition for producing the sludge was the freeze treatment at $-70^{\circ}C$ for 20 min. Total amounts of hydrogen and methane gas produced were 667.28 mL/L and 3420.24 mL/L, respectively, which were 2.7 and 3.4 times greater than that in the control group. Freeze treatment of sludge produced the maximum biogas under an initial optimum pH of 7.0 and the maximum biomass at an initial optimum pH of 8.0. We confirmed that biogas production was greatly reduced under acidic conditions compared to that under alkaline conditions. Sludge was freeze treated, and the biomass and sludge production was optimal the total amounts of hydrogen and methane gas produced were 643.73 mL/L and 4291.6 mL/L, respectively, which were 2.6 and 4.3 times greater than in the control group. Also the results showed that under optimal conditions in a 5-L bioreactor, a maximum of 1605.03 mL/L of hydrogen and 4593.71 mL/L of methane gas could be produced by the substrate contained in the marine macroalgae biomass.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.66-71
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• 2003

For the purpose of making a functional and stable yogurt, new type yogurt were prepared from 12% whole milk and 2% skim milk added hot-water extracted from sea tangle. The yogurt product were evaluated for acid production(pH, titratable acidity), number of viable cell, viscosity, degree of curd sedimentation, quality-keeping property and sensory property. By addition of hot-water extracted from 0.5% sea tangle, the titratable acidity of yogurt(1.89%) was higher than that of yogurt not added hot-water extract of sea tangle(1.53%). The propagation of lactic acid bacteria was stimulated by adding hot-water extracted from 0.5% sea tangle, and the number of viable cells were about 1.4${\times}$10$\^$9/CFU/$m\ell$. On the other hand, the number of viable cells in control were 4.4${\times}$10$\^$8/CFU/$m\ell$. Viscosity of yogurt made from adding hot-water extracted from 0.5% sea tangle(25 CPS) was higher than that of yogurt with only milk(22 CPS). When yogurt made from adding hot-water extracted from sea tangle was kept at 7$^{\circ}C$ for 15 days, its quality-keeping was relatively good. The sedimentation of curd was repressed a little by adding hot-water extracted from 0.5% and 0.1% sea tangle. The overall sensory score of yogurt made from adding hot-water extracted from 1% sea tangle was the best of tested yogurt.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.587-593
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• 1998

To elucidate anti-tumor promoter from seaweed, the anti-tumor promoting activity of Ecklonia stolonifera, Undaria pinnatifida and Laminaria japonica extracts were determined by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-early antigen (EA) induction caused by a tumor promoter, teleocidin B-4. The methanol extracts of seaweed were subsequently fractionated with diethyl ether, distilled water, chloroform and ethyl acetate. Among the solvent fractions tested, chloroform and ethyl acetate fraction of E. stolonifera showed a high anti-tumor promoting activity at the levels of 88.0 and $85.9\%$ by the addition of 20 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$, respectively. To characterize anti-tumor promoters from solvent fractions of E. stolonifera, the effects of phenols, chlorophyll derivatives and carotenoids on the anti-tumor promoting activity were investigated. Phenols, such as bromophenol and phloroglucinol showed anti-tumor promoting activity of $57\~66\%$ at 20 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Pigments, such as chlorophylls and carotenoids exerted high anti-tumor promoting activities. Chlorophyll a and pheophorbide a exhibited the activity of $77.4\%$ and $66.6\%$ at 5${\mu}M/m{\ell}$, respectively. The active compounds of carotenoids were tentatively identified as lutein and $\alpha-cryptoxanthin$ from the profiles of visible spectra and R_f value of their authentic compounds, and showed anti-tumor promoting activities of $76.9\%$ and $84.4\%$ at dose of 20 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1998

Uronate compositions and molecular weights of alginates from the four kinds of brown algae, sea mustard (Undaria pinnatifida), sea tangle (Laminaria japonica), gulf weed (Sargassum fulvellum), and seaweed fusiforme (Hizikia fusiforme), in regard with the harvesting season were investigated. Sea mustard contained the highest amount of alginates in the four kinds of brown algae. D-Mannuronic acid to L-guluronic acid (M/C) ratio of the alginates was high in order of seaweed fusiforme, gulf weed, sea mustard, and sea tangle, and especially in water-soluble alginate. Molecular weights of the alginates were greater with the growing period ranging in $4,500\~4,800\;kDa$ for sea tangle, $4,000\~4,200\;kDa$ for sea mustard, $3,300\~3,400\;kDa$ for seaweed fusiforme, and $3,000\~3,200\;kDa$ for gulfweed. In water-soluble alginate of sea mustard, M/G ratio was much higher in sporophyll than in midrib and blade.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.525-531
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• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate the quality and anti-oxidant characteristics of different granule tea variants (WSMGT: granule tea prepared from sea mustard hot water extract; ASMGT: granule tea prepared from sea mustard autoclave extract; WSTGT: granule tea prepared from sea tangle hot water extract; and ASTGT: granule tea prepared from sea tangle autoclave extract) from sea tangle and sea mustard powder. The Color of WSTGT showed the highest $L^*$, $b^*$ values, and the lowest $a^*$ value. The water absorption binding agents in ASMGT were higher than those in WSMGT, WSTGT. and ASTGT. Binding agents on water absorption in ASMGT were higher than those of WSMGT, WSTGT, and ASTGT. The alginic acid content of ASMGT was highest. The total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents of ASMGT and ASTGT were highest. The electron donating ability and ferrous ion chelating activity in WSTGT greatly increased compared to those in the other granules tea variants. These results suggest that pressure extraction can be used in functional foods.