• Advances in nano research
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.401-410
• /
• 2023

Vibration investigation of fluid-filled three layered cylindrical shells is studied here. A cylindrical shell is immersed in a fluid which is a non-viscous one. Shell motion equations are framed first order shell theory due to Love. These equations are partial differential equations which are usually solved by approximate technique. Robust and efficient techniques are favored to get precise results. Employment of the wave propagation approach procedure gives birth to the shell frequency equation. Use of acoustic wave equation is done to incorporate the sound pressure produced in a fluid. Hankel's functions of second kind designate the fluid influence. Mathematically the integral form of the Lagrange energy functional is converted into a set of three partial differential equations. It is also exhibited that the effect of frequencies is investigated by varying the different layers with constituent material. The coupled frequencies changes with these layers according to the material formation of fluid-filled FG-CSs. Throughout the computation, it is observed that the frequency behavior for the boundary conditions follow as; clamped-clamped (C-C), simply supported-simply supported (SS-SS) frequency curves are higher than that of clamped-simply (C-S) curves. Expressions for modal displacement functions, the three unknown functions are supposed in such way that the axial, circumferential and time variables are separated by the product method. Computer software MATLAB codes are used to solve the frequency equation for extracting vibrations of fluid-filled.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.7-18
• /
• 2008

연기와 같은 유체의 모습을 영화나 애니메이션에서의 특수 효과에 활용하기 위해는 연기를 사실적으로 모델링하는 과정과 모델링 된 연기 내부에서의 빛의 흐름이 잘 반영된 렌더링 과정이 필요하다. 컴퓨터 그래픽스 분야에서는 연기 모델링의 사실성을 살리기 위해 물리 기반의 유체 시뮬레이션 기법을 많이 차용하고 있는데, 그동안 시뮬레이션 기법으로 주로 연구되어 온, 격자 기반의 Euler 방법과는 근본적으로 다른, 파티클 기반의 Lagrange 방법이 시뮬레이션 단계에서 얻을 수 있는 장점 때문에 최근 관심이 높아지고 있다. 연기 렌더링은 연기 모델링 방법에 종속적일 수밖에 없으므로, 결과적으로 격자 기반의 시뮬레이션 결과에 대한 렌더링 방법은 많이 연구되고 있는 데 비해, 파티클 형태로 산출된 연기 데이터에 대하여 사실적인 영상을 생성해주는 랜더링 기술에 대한 연구는 아직 부족한 상황이다. 이에, 본 논문에서는 Lagrange 기법을 적용하여 생성한 파티클 집합 형태의 연기 시뮬레이션 데이터를 사실적으로 렌더링하기 위해, 전역 조영을 위한 최신 랜더링 기술인 포톤 매핑 기법을 파티클 데이터에 맞게 변형 및 확장한 파티클맵 기법을 소개하고, 개선된 파티클템 기법을 제시하여, 기존 연구와의 차이점을 보여준다. 또한 렌더링 과정에서 효율성을 높이기 위해 볼륨 렌더링 방정식의 다중 산란 항을 미리 계산하는 광도맵이라는 방법을 제시한다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제66권5호
• /
• pp.583-594
• /
• 2018

A theoretical formulation based on the linearized potential theory, the Descartes' rule and the extremum optimization method is presented to calculate the critical distance of lifting points of the fully balanced hoist vertical ship lift, and to study pitching stability of the ship lift. The overturning torque of the ship chamber is proposed based on the Housner theory. A seven-free-degree dynamic model of the ship lift based on the Lagrange equation of the second kind is then established, including the ship chamber, the wire rope, the gravity counterweights and the liquid in the ship chamber. Subsequently, an eigenvalue equation is obtained with the coefficient matrix of the dynamic equations, and a key coefficient is analyzed by innovative use of the minimum optimization method for a stability criterion. Also, an extensive influence of the structural parameters contains the gravity counterweight wire rope stiffness, synchronous shaft stiffness, lifting height and hoists radius on the critical distance of lifting points is numerically analyzed. With the Runge-Kutta method, the four primary dynamical responses of the ship lift are investigated to demonstrate the accuracy/reliability of the result from the theoretical formulation. It is revealed that the critical distance of lifting points decreases with increasing the synchronous shaft stiffness, while increases with rising the other three structural parameters. Moreover, the theoretical formulation is more applicable than the previous criterions to design the layout of the fully balanced hoist vertical ship lift for the ensuring of the stability.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제14권6호
• /
• pp.2422-2443
• /
• 2020

This paper studies a single-user Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) system where mobile device (MD) includes an application consisting of multiple computation components or tasks with dependencies. MD can offload part of each computation-intensive latency-sensitive task to the AP integrated with MEC server. In order to accomplish the application faultlessly, we calculate out the optimal task offloading strategy in a time-division manner for a predetermined execution order under the constraints of limited computation and communication resources. The problem is formulated as an optimization problem that can minimize the energy consumption of mobile device while satisfying the constraints of computation tasks and mobile device resources. The optimization problem is equivalently transformed into solving a nonlinear equation with a linear inequality constraint by leveraging the Lagrange Multiplier method. And the proposed dual Bi-Section Search algorithm Bi-JOTD can efficiently solve the nonlinear equation. In the outer Bi-Section Search, the proposed algorithm searches for the optimal Lagrangian multiplier variable between the lower and upper boundaries. The inner Bi-Section Search achieves the Lagrangian multiplier vector corresponding to a given variable receiving from the outer layer. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has significant performance improvement than other baselines. The novel scheme not only reduces the difficulty of problem solving, but also obtains less energy consumption and better performance.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제27권6호
• /
• pp.713-739
• /
• 2007

Nowadays computers can perform symbolic computations in addition to mere number crunching operations for which they were originally designed. Symbolic computation opens up exciting possibilities in Structural Mechanics and engineering. Classical areas have been increasingly neglected due to the advent of computers as well as general purpose finite element software. But now, classical analysis has reemerged as an attractive computer option due to the capabilities of symbolic computation. The repetitive cycles of simultaneous - equation sets required by the finite element technique can be eliminated by solving a single set in symbolic form, thus generating a truly closed-form solution. This consequently saves in data preparation, storage and execution time. The power of Symbolic computation is demonstrated by six examples by applying symbolic computation 1) to solve coupled shear wall 2) to generate beam element matrices 3) to find the natural frequency of a shear frame using transfer matrix method 4) to find the stresses of a plate subjected to in-plane loading using Levy's approach 5) to draw the influence surface for deflection of an isotropic plate simply supported on all sides 6) to get dynamic equilibrium equations from Lagrange equation. This paper also presents yet another computationally efficient and accurate numerical method which is based on the concept of derivative of a function expressed as a weighted linear sum of the function values at all the mesh points. Again this method is applied to solve the problems of 1) coupled shear wall 2) lateral buckling of thin-walled beams due to moment gradient 3) buckling of a column and 4) static and buckling analysis of circular plates of uniform or non-uniform thickness. The numerical results obtained are compared with those available in existing literature in order to verify their accuracy.

• Advances in Computational Design
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.363-380
• /
• 2020

In this paper, a cylindrical shell is immersed in a non-viscous fluid using first order shell theory of Sander. These equations are partial differential equations which are solved by approximate technique. Robust and efficient techniques are favored to get precise results. Employment of the Rayleigh-Ritz procedure gives birth to the shell frequency equation. Use of acoustic wave equation is done to incorporate the sound pressure produced in a fluid. Hankel's functions of second kind designate the fluid influence. Mathematically the integral form of the Lagrange energy functional is converted into a set of three partial differential equations. Throughout the computation, simply supported edge condition is used. Expressions for modal displacement functions, the three unknown functions are supposed in such way that the axial, circumferential and time variables are separated by the product method. Comparison is made for empty and fluid-filled cylindrical shell with circumferential wave number, length- and height-radius ratios, it is found that the fluid-filled frequencies are lower than that of without fluid. To generate the fundamental natural frequencies and for better accuracy and effectiveness, the computer software MATLAB is used.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
• /
• 제11권6호
• /
• pp.26-33
• /
• 2017

본 연구에서는 외골격 크기를 변화하여 효과적으로 구동력을 조절하고 우수한 장애물 통과능력을 가진 구형로봇을 구현하였다. 호버만구를 외골격으로 채택하고 슬라이더-크랭크 구조의 확대 수축 메커니즘을 설계하여 무선으로 로봇의 크기변화와 이동제어가 가능하도록 제어시스템을 구축하였다. 로봇의 효율적인 구동에 필요한 주요 변수를 확인하기 위하여 오일러-라그랑주 운동방정식을 세워 해석하였고, 이를 바탕으로 DC 모터를 선정하였다. 로봇의 성능을 평가하기 위해 Prototype 의 기초 구동실험을 진행함과 동시에 유한요소 해석을 통해 구조적 안정성을 보완한 최종 모델을 제작하였다. 결과적으로, 외경 기준 최대 650 mm 에서 최소 520 mm 까지 수축/팽창이 가능한 로봇이 0.85 m/s로 주행이 가능한 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.21-30
• /
• 2021

건축문화재들은 다양한 환경적 요인들로 인해 많은 손상이 발생된다. 손상된 문화재를 보존하기 위해서 예방보존 및 장기적인 보존관리가 더욱 중요해지고 있다. 그래서 정기적인 점검 시에 적용 가능한 과학적인 비파괴 검사 방법에 대한 연구가 요구되고 있다. 관련된 연구를 위해서, 여러 문화재들 중에서 높은 깃대 형상의 당간을 연구 대상으로 선정하였다. 보존되고 있는 당간들 중에서 보물 제49호 나주 석당간을 선정하여, 구조 안정성을 평가하기 위한 분석 기법에 대한 기초적인 연구를 진행하였다. 이상화된 모델을 제시하고, 다자유도 운동방정식을 유도하였다. 그리고 연결부 위치별 임계 강성 값을 추정할 수 있는 식을 제시하였다.

• Water Engineering Research
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.75-84
• /
• 2002

An Euler-Lagrange two-phase flow model is presented fur simulation sheet-flow transport under wave and current. The flow is computed by solving the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equation in conjunction with the k-$\varepsilon$ turbulence model for turbulence closure. The sediment transport is introduced as a motion of granular media under the action of unsteady flow from the Lagragian point of view. In other word, motion of every single particle is numerically traced with Movable Bed Simulator (MBS) code based on the Distinct Element Method (DEM), in which the frequent interparticle collision of the moving particles during the sheet-flow transport is sophisticatedly taken into account. The particle diameter effect on time-dependent developing process of sheet-flow transport is investigated, by using three different diameter sizes of sediment. The influence of an imposed current on oscillatory sheet-flow transport is also investigated. It is concluded that the sediment transport rate increases due to the relaxation process related to the time-lag between flow velocity and sediment motion.

• 한국생산제조학회지
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.144-149
• /
• 2017

There have been lots of interest on service and entertainment robots. To ensure that robots work in harmony with humans, their stability and compactness are some of the key issues. Obviously, robots with fewer wheels occupy a smaller floor area compared to those with more wheels. In addition, robots with fewer wheels, whose posture stabilities are maintained by feedback control, are stable even under larger accelerations and/or higher locations of the center of mass. To facilitate controller design, it is assumed that both pitch and roll dynamics are decoupled. The dynamic equations of motion for the proposed robot are derived from the Euler-Lagrange equation. To obtain the optimal balancing control law, linear quadratic regulator control methods are applied to the linearized dynamic equations. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness and performance of the proposed balancing control algorithm for a single-wheeled mobile robot.