• 제목/요약/키워드: Lacunae

검색결과 60건 처리시간 0.027초

타이타늄 치근형 매식체에 대한 골유착 과정에 관한 조직학적 연구 (A HISTOLOGIC STUDY OF THE OSSEOINTEGRATION PROCESS TO THE TITANIUM TOOTH ROOT IMPLANT)

  • 안창영;김영수
    • 대한치과보철학회지
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    • 제28권2호
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    • pp.1-28
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    • 1990
  • The severe atrophic edentulism with poor neuromuscular control militates against successful conventional denture therapy. To such situation, a prescribing of dental implant treatment has been considered with some probability. Implant materials used as a trial for dental implants includes metals, plastic polymers and ceramics. The purpose of this study was to observe histologic response in osseointegration process at titanium implant-tissue interface based on biocompatibility at specific period of sequential natures which were divided into a half month, one, month, two months, three months and immediate as a base line. In this study, unilateral lower left premolar and molar teeth were extraced in three dogs. After allowing to heal for 6 months, three kinds of osseointegrated implant, $Br{\aa}nemark$, Corevent and kimplant(a prototype of SNU implant study)were inserted in each dog respectively according to the above sequence from front to back. The specimens were taken from those dogs at the same time since implant were inserted quite reverse order of the specified periods, and decalcified and processed for histologic examination for the light microscopy and the electron microscopy. The microscopic histologic findings at the interface between titanium implants and tissue were interpretated as follows : A. Light microscopic findings : a. Immediate : Implant were surrounded by compact bone and spongy bone. Microcrak was observed in the superficial bone tissue. Osteocytes were disappeared and bone lacunae were observed as a vacant space in some parts. In the contacting with the spongy bone, bone trabeculae and bone marrow were in contact with the implant. b. A half Month : Osteoblasts exist as a monolayer in th inner bone trabeculae and do bone additiocn. Osteoblasts&inflammatory cells were observed in some parts. c. One Month : The presence of osteoclasts decreased. Osteoblasts did active bone fromation, and bone marrow was in contact with the implant in the many places. d. Two Months : Bone formation was advanced in comparison with the b and c. The presence of osteoclsts was not observed. e. Three Months : The superficial bone tissue contacted with the implants was entirely composed by the compact bone. B. Electron microscopic findings : a. A half month and one month group : In the parts of the active bone formation, osteoblasts with the well developed endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus were arranged in the monolayer. In the parts of the bone resorption, ruffled border was well developed and many osteoclasts with the well-developed golgi apparatus, mitochondria, vacuole, vesicle and lysosome were existed. b. Three months group : No osteoblasts were observed in the superficial bone tissue. Bone matrix with collaen fiber was observed. c. No significant dirrerence in the histologic findings was observed in $Br{\aa}nemark$, Core-vent and kimplant.

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글로벌 생산네트워크 담론의 진화: 기업 및 산업 중심 거버넌스 분석을 넘어서 (Tracing the Evolution of the Global Production Network Discourse: An Alternative to the Firm- and Industry-Centered Governance Analysis)

  • 이재열
    • 대한지리학회지
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    • 제51권5호
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    • pp.667-690
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    • 2016
  • 본 논문은 경제지리학의 글로벌 생산네트워크 담론을 태동기부터 현재의 GPN 2.0 이론화 단계까지 통시적으로 검토한다. 이 과정에서 2000년대 초반 글로벌 생산네트워크 논의의 형성 과정을 글로벌 상품/가치 사슬망의 개념적, 분석적 문제와 결부시켜 설명하고, 이후 논의의 확장과 경험적 연구의 축적을 통해 글로벌 생산네트워크가 세계화 경제, 초국적 기업, 지역발전 간의 밀접한 관계에 주목하는 담론과 실천의 틀로 자리잡게 된 점을 강조한다. 반면, 이론적 결여의 문제에 대한 비판이 꾸준히 제기되었고, 이에 대한 응답으로 최근 Yeung and Coe는 인과적 매커니즘의 추상화와 이와 관련된 글로벌 생산네트워크 조직 전략의 유형을 중심으로 GPN 2.0 이론을 제안했다. 이 결과, 글로벌 생산네트워크 담론은 이론화 결핍의 문제를 해결할 수 있게 되었고, 연구자는 내부 조직화, 통제적 관계, 동반자적 관계, 외부교섭 등 다양한 생산네트워크 조직 전략을 기업경쟁력 강화 요인 및 위험환경과 결부시켜 탐구할 수 있게 되었다. 그리고 글로벌 생산네트워크와 글로벌 상품/가치 사슬 논의 간의 차이는 더욱 분명해졌는데, 여기에는 외부교섭 개념의 역할이 무엇보다 중요하다. 외부교섭은 GPN 1.0에서 가치, 착근성, 권력의 분석 개념을 포괄하고 있는 네트워크 형태로 판단되며, 이것은 기업이나 산업별 거버넌스 차이에 초점이 맞춰진 사슬 담론의 한계를 초월하게 해 줄 것이다.

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Identification of Genes Modulated by High Extracellular Calcium in Coculture of Mouse Osteoblasts and Bone Marrow Cells by Oligo Chip Assay

  • Kim, Hyung-Keun;Song, Mi-Na;Jun, Ji-Hae;Woo, Kyung-Mi;Kim, Gwan-Shik;Baek, Jeong-Hwa
    • International Journal of Oral Biology
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    • 제31권2호
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    • pp.53-65
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    • 2006
  • Calcium concentration in the bone resorption lacunae is high and is in the mM concentration range. Both osteoblast and osteoclast have calcium sensing receptor in the cell surface, suggesting the regulatory role of high extracellular calcium in bone metabolism. In vitro, high extracellular calcium stimulated osteoclastogenesis in coculture of mouse osteoblasts and bone marrow cells. Therefore we examined the genes that were commonly regulated by both high extracellular calcium and $1,25(OH)_2vitaminD_3(VD3)$ by using mouse oligo 11 K gene chip. In the presence of 10 mM $[Ca^{2+}]e$ or 10 nM VD3, mouse calvarial osteoblasts and bone marrow cells were co-cultured for 4 days when tartrate resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells start to appear. Of 11,000 genes examined, the genes commonly regulated both by high extracellular calcium and by VD3 were as follows; 1) the expression of genes which were osteoclast differentiation markers or were associated with osteoclastogenesis were up-regulated both by high extracellular calcium and by VD3; trap, mmp9, car2, ctsk, ckb, atp6b2, tm7sf4, rab7, 2) several chemokine and chemokine receptor genes such as sdf1, scya2, scyb5, scya6, scya8, scya9, and ccr1 were up-regulated both by high extracellular calcium and by VD3, 3) the genes such as mmp1b, mmp3 and c3 which possibly stimulate bone resorption by osteoclast, were commonly up-regulated, 4) the gene such as c1q and msr2 which were related with macrophage function, were commonly down-regulated, 5) the genes which possibly stimulate osteoblast differentiation and/or mineralization of extracellular matrix, were commonly down-regulated; slc8a1, admr, plod2, lox, fosb, 6) the genes which possibly suppress osteoblast differentiation and/or mineralization of extracellular matrix, were commonly up-regulated; s100a4, npr3, mme, 7) the genes such as calponin 1 and tgfbi which possibly suppress osteoblast differentiation and/or mineralization of extracellular matrix, were up-regulated by high extracellular calcium but were down-regulated by VD3. These results suggest that in coculture condition, both high extracellular calcium and VD3 commonly induce osteoclastogenesis but suppress osteoblast differentiation/mineralization by regulating the expression of related genes.

우리나라의 초록시스템 - 현황, 문제 및 개선방안 (The Abstracting Services in Korea: The Present State, Problems and Some Suggestions for Action in the Future)

  • 최성진
    • 한국비블리아학회지
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.133-160
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    • 1984
  • The main purpose of the present study is to survey the major abstracting bulletins of national nature in Korea, to define such problem areas as lacunae, duplicates and limitation in coverage in the abstracting services currently available in Korea, and to make some suggestions for action for improving the abstracting services in the light of general principles and the tradition and situations unique to Korea. The major conclusions reached at this study are summarised as follows: (A) A new abstracting bulletin of general nature covering the whole field needs to be created in each of the following fields where no established abstracting service is available for the outcome of research and development activities in Korea. (1) Language (2) Religion (3) Art (4) Language (5) Literature (6) History (B) A new specialised abstracting bulletin needs to be created in each of the following fields of science where abstracting services limited in coverage are partially available. (a) Statistics (b) Sociology (c) political science (d) Public administration (e) Law (f) Folk lore (g) Military science (2) Pure sciences (a) Mathematics (b) Chemistry (c) Astronomy (d) Geology (e) Mineralogy (f) Life sciences (g) Botany (h) Zoology (3) Applied sciences (a) Agriculture (b) Architectural engineering (c) Mechanical engineering (d) Electrical engineering (e) Chemical engineering (f) Manufacturing industry (g) Domestic science (C) Publication of the abstracting bulletins suggested in (A) and (B) above may be ideally carried on by a qualified learned society established in the respective field. and should be financially supported by the public fund under the provisions of Art. 27 of the Research Promotion Act of 1979. (D) The current practice of adding the author's abstract and keywords to each of the records of the "Doctoral Theses in Humanities and Social Sciences" part of the" Catalogue of Doctoral and Master's Theses Submitted to the Universities in Korea" published by the National Assembly Library should be applied to all the other parts, i. e. to the parts of the "Master's Theses in Humanities and Social Sciences" and of the "Doctoral and Master's Theses in Natural Sciences': which will not only increase the Catalogue's use value but also discourage appearance of various theses abstracts of individual academic institutions such as the" Abstracts of the Doctoral and Master's Theses Submitted to Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology" which will in turn reduce inefficiency involved in the abstracting services at national level. (E) A general abstracting bulletin covering most part of the outcome of research and development activities in Korea other than that covered by the existing abstracts needs to be created to be temporarily. used till the abstracting journals suggested in this study will be fully available. A realistic way of having such a bulletin may be to expand the present coverage of "The Abstracts of the Reports of the Government-sponsored Projects" currently published by Korean Research Foundation.

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흰쥐의 치아 맹출과 치간 이개 과정에서 수종의 치주인대 단백질 발현의 변화에 관한 면역 조직화학적 연구 (Immunohistochemical localization of several protein changes in periodontal ligament during tooth eruption and interdental separation of rats)

  • 임성훈;박형수;윤영주;김광원;김흥중;정문진;박주철
    • 대한치과교정학회지
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    • 제34권1호
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    • pp.71-81
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    • 2004
  • 치아의 맹출 과정과 치간이개로 유도된 치아 및 치조골의 흡수 과정에서 치주인대 세포와 치주인대 단백질의 기능을 알아보기 위하여, 발육 중인 흰쥐를 치근 형성 전, 치근 형성 시작과 치근 형성 및 맹출 시기로 구분하여 조직 표본을 제작하고, 또한 성 장 중인 흰쥐를 2주간 치간 이개시켜 조직표본을 제작하였다. 치주인대 섬유모세포에서 특이적으로 발현되며 치주인대의 분화와 성숙에 관여하는 PDLs22단백질과 치아와 치조골의 파괴와 흡수를 조절하는 것으로 알려진 RANKL과 OPG의 발현을 면역 조직화학적으로 연구하였다. PDLs22 단백질은 치근 형성이 시작되면서부터 치낭세포와 골모세포에서 발현되어, 치아가 맹출하는 과정에서도 그 발현이 계속 유지되었으나, 치간이개에 의하여 치주인대가 개조되는 부위에서는 발현이 감소하였다. RANKL은 치근형성 과정에서는 미약한 발현을 나타내었으나, 치아가 맹출하면서 발현이 증대되었으며, 치간이개에 의한 치근과 치조골 흡수과정에서는 치주인대세포, 골모세포, 치수세포 및 파치세포에서 발현이 증대되었다. OPG는 치근이 형성되는 시기에는 강한 발현을 보였으나, 치아가 맹출하면서 발현이 현저히 감소하였고, 치아와 치조골의 흡수가 진행됨에 따라서 발현이 다소 감소하였다.

기업특성과 호스트국가 환경이 해외시장 관여도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 (Influences of Firm Characteristics and the Host Country Environment on the Degree of Foreign Market Involvement)

  • Maktoba, Omar;Nwankwo, Sonny
    • 마케팅과학연구
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.5-16
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    • 2009
  • Against the backdrop of the increasing trend towards economic globalisation, many international firms are indicating that decisions on how to enter foreign markets remains one of the key strategic challenges confronting them. Despite the rich body of literature on the topic, the fact that these challenges have continued to dominate global marketing strategy discourses point to someevident lacunae. Accordingly, this paper considers the variables, categorised in terms of firm contexts (standardisation, market research, competition, structure, competitive advantage) and host country-contexts (economic development, cultural differences, regulation and political risk), which influence the degree of involvement of UK companies in overseas markets. Following hypotheses were drawn from literature review: H1: The greater the level of competition, the higher the degree of involvement in the overseas market. H2: The more centralised the firm's organisation structure, the higher the degree of involvement in the overseas market. H3a: The adoption of a low cost-approach to competitive advantage will lead to a higher degree of involvement. H3b: The adoption of an innovation-approach to competitive advantage will lead to a higher degree of involvement. H3c: The adoption of a market research approach to competitive advantages will lead to a higher degree of involvement. H3d: The adoption of a breadth of strategic target-approach to competitive advantage will lead to a lower degree of involvement. H4: The higher the degree of standardisation of the international marketing mix the higher the degree of involvement. H5: The greater the degree of economic development in the host market, the higher the degree of involvement. H6: The greater the cultural differences between home and host countries, the lower the degree of involvement. H7: The greater the difference in regulations between the home country and the host country, the lower the degree of involvement. H8: The higher the political risk in the host country, the lower the degree of involvement. A questionnaire instrument was constructed using, wherever possible, validated measures of the concepts to serve the aims of this study. Following two sets of mailings, 112 usable completed questionnaires were returned. Correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze data. Statistically, the paper suggests that factors relating to the level of competition, competitive advantages and economic development are strong in influencing foreign market involvements. On the other hand, unexpectedly, cultural factors (especially individualism/collectivism and low and high power distance dimensions) proved to have weak moderating effects. The reason for this, in part, is due to the pervading forces of globalisation and the attendant effect on global marketing. This paper has contributed to the general literature in a way that point to two mainimplications. First, with respect to research on national systems, the study may hold out some important lessons especially for developing nations. Most of these nations are known to be actively seeking to understand what it takes to attract foreign direct investment, expand domestic market and move their economies from the margin to the mainstream global economy. Second, it should be realised that competitive conditions remain in constant flux (even in mature industries and mature economies). This implies that a range of home country factors may be as important as host country factors in explaining firms' strategic moves and the degree of foreign market involvement. Further research can consider the impact of the home country environment on foreign market involvement decisions. Such an investigation will potentially provide further perspectives not only on the influence of national origin but also how home country effects are confounded with industry effects.

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전국색인지간행협동체제 편성방안에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Planning of Nationwide Indexing Services for Korea)

  • 최성진
    • 한국문헌정보학회지
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    • 제12권
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    • pp.39-86
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    • 1985
  • The main purpose of the present study is to survey the major iudexing bulletins of national nature in Korea, to define such problem areas as lacunae, duplicates and limitation in coverage in the indexing services currently available in Korea, and to make some suggestions for action for improving the existing indexing services in the light of general principles and the tradition and constraints unique to Korea. The major findings and conclusions reached at this study are summarised as follows: (A) A new indexing bulletin of general nature covering the entire field needs to be created in each of the following fields without an established indexing service available for the outcome of research and development activities in Korea. (1) Philosophy (2) Religion (3) Pure sciences (4) Art (5) Language (6) Literature (7) History (B) A new specialised indexing bulletin needs to be created in each of the following fields where indexing services are heavily utilised but no, or only partial, indexing service is available. (1) Social sciences (a) Statistics (b) Sociology (c) Folklore (d) Military science (2) Pure sciences (a) Mathematics (b) Physics (c) Chemistry (d) Astronomy (e) Geology (f) Mineralogy (g) Life sciences (h) Botany (i) Zoology (3) Applied sciences (a) Medicine (b) Agriculture (c) Civil engineering (d) Architectural engineering (e) Mechanical engineering (f) Electrical engineering (g) Chemical engineering (h) Domestic science (C) Publication of the indexing bulletins suggested in A and B above may be ideally carried on by a qualified and dependable learned society established in the respective fields and designated by the Minister of Education, and should be financially supported from the public fund under the provisions of Art. 27 of the Scientific Research Promotion Act of 1979. (D) The coverage and contents of the four indexing bulletins in the field of banking and financing published by the Library of the Bank of Korea are similar and considerably duplicated. It is, therefore, suggested that the four indexing bulletins are combined in one to form a more comprehensive and efficient bibliographical tool in the field and it is further developed into a general guide to the literature produced in the entire field of economics in Korea by gradually expanding its subject coverage. (E) For the similar reasons stated in D, the Index to the Articles on North Korea and the Catalogue of Theses on North Korea, both publisheds by the Ministry of Unification Library, are suggested to make into one. The Index to the Articles of the Selected North Korean Journals and the Index to the Articles of the North Korean Journals in Microfilm Housed in the Ministry of Unification Library, both published by the same Library, are also suggested to be combined in one. (F) The contents of the Catalogue of the Reports Submitted by Government Officials Who Have Travelled Abroad, published by the National Archives are included in the Index to the Information Materials Related to Government Administration, published by the National Archives. The publication of the former is hardly justified. (G) The contents of the Index to Legal Literature published by the Seoul National University Libraries and those of the Law Section of the Index to Scholastic Works published by the National Central Library are nearly identical. One of the two indexes should cease to be published. (H) Though five indexes are being published in the field of political science and four in the field of public administration, their subject coverage is limited. Naturally, these indexes are little usable to many other researchers in the two fields. A comprehensive index covering all the specialised areas in each field needs to be developed on one or all the existing indexes. (I) It is suggested that the Catalogue of the Scholastic Works on Curricula published by the National Central Library expands its subject coverage to become a more usable and effective index to all the researchers in the field of education. (J) The bimonthly Index to Periodical Articles and the specialised index by subject series published by the National Assembly Library, and the Index to Scholastic Works published by the National Central Library are expected to increase their coverage and frequency of publication to be used more effectively and more efficiently by all users in all fields till the indexing bulletins suggested in this study will fully be available in Korea.

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녹용, 홍삼, 홍화, ipriflavone 및 estrogen이 난소적출 rat의 체중, 골밀도, 장기중량 및 조직학적 변화에 관한 연구 (Effects of antler, red ginseng, safflower, ipriflavone and estrogen on body weight, bone mineral density, organ weight and histological change in ovariectomized rats)

  • 유상식;김상근;이명헌;송운재;문병천;김무강
    • 한국동물위생학회지
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    • 제23권3호
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    • pp.235-245
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    • 2000
  • This study was peformed to elucidate the effects of antler, red ginseng, safflower seed, ipriflavone and estrogen on ovariectomized rats. The rats were fed with Ca and P deficient diet for five weeks to induce osteoporosis. After this period, these animals were fed with normal for and treated every other day with antler(600mg/kg, PO), red ginseng(200mg/kg, PO), safflower(200mg/kg, PO), ipriflavone(80mg/kg, PO) and estrogene(400$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, IM) for S weeks. During the treatment, the rats were examined for body, organ, femur and femur ash weights. And electron-microscopical examinations were also performed on femora. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The body weights of the antler, red ginseng, safflower, ipriflavone and estrogen-treated groups after five weeks of treatment, were 303.0$\pm$3.0g, 273.3$\pm$4.4g, 288.3$\pm$5.1g, 300.5$\pm$5.2g, 320.5$\pm$4.2g, respectively. They, except the red ginseng-treated group, were significantly higher than 278.4$\pm$2.7g of normal control group(P<0.05). And the body weight of non-treatment group was 29it.2$\pm$5.5g which was higher than that of control group, too. 2. The weights of left femur after five weeks of treatment were showed 0.83$\pm$0.2g by antler, 0.89$\pm$0.2g by red ginseng, 0.87$\pm$0.2g by safflower 0.83$\pm$0.1g by ipriflavone and 0.78$\pm$0.1g by estrogen-treated group. They were a little lower than 0.97$\pm$0.1g of normal control group. Non-treatment group showed 0.83$\pm$0.1g which was lower than that of control group but not significant. 3. The weights of ashed left femora after five weeks of treatment were showed 0.36$\pm$0.01g by antler, 0.40$\pm$0.01g by red ginseng, 0.41$\pm$0.01g by safflower, 0.36$\pm$0.01g by ipriflavone and 0.35$\pm$0.01g by estrogen-treated group. Those results were significantly lower than 0.43$\pm$0.01g of normal control group. And non-treatment group showed 0.29$\pm$0.01g of femoral ash which was significantly lower than that showed by control group(p<0.05). 4. The femoral Ca contents of the antler, red ginseng, safflower, ipriflavone and estrogen-treated rats were 19.6$\pm$0.7%, 17.8$\pm$1.1%, 18.8$\pm$0.9%, 18.0$\pm$1.1%, 15.3$\pm$1.1%, respectively, after five weeks of treatment. The femoral Ca contents of antler and safflower-treated groups were higher than that of control group which showed 18.2$\pm$0.9% of Ca The non-treatment group, showing 15.3$\pm$0.7%, had significantly lower content of Ca than normal group(p<0.05). 5. The weights of liver, spleen, and kidney in the osteoporosis-induced rats during the treatment with antler, red ginseng, safflower, jpriflavone and estrogen showed not significant changes. 6. The connections among the trabeculae of control group were maintained well, showing no bone loss. However, the connections among the trabeculae of non-treatment group were thinner than those of control group and were almost disconnected and the lacunae were found to be broadened. Antler and safflower-treated group showed only slight changes. The recovery rates were prominent in antler, safflower, estrogen-treated groups but they were insignificant in red ginseng and ipriflavone-treated groups.

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알긴산염 마이크로캡슐 내부에 동결보존된 사상체 남세균의 특성 연구 (Characterization of Filamentous Cyanobacteria Encapsulated in Alginate Microcapsules)

  • 박미례;김지훈;남승원;이상득;윤석민;권대률;이창수
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제48권2호
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    • pp.205-214
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    • 2020
  • 남세균은 수계나 토양 생태계에서 질소 고정 능력으로 인해 질소순환 과정에 중요한 역할을 하는 미생물로 다양한 산업분야에서 활용될 수 있는 유용 물질을 생산할 수 있다. 또한 일부 종은 수생태계에서 유해조류 번성을 일으켜 수자원의 이용을 제한한다. 일반적으로 생물소재은행은 관련 연구를 위해 남세균 배양주를 제공하는 역할을 한다. 하지만 국내 생물소재은행에서는 남세균의 체계적인 보존이 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 국내에서 분리한 Trichormus variabilis (syn. Anabaena variabilis)를 대상으로 알긴산 마이크로캡슐을 이용한 동결보존기술을 개발하였다. 동결보존제만 사용하는 일반 동결보존법과 세포를 마이크로캡슐에 포집한 후 동결보존제를 혼합하는 두 가지 방법으로 실험을 수행하였고 각각의 효율을 비교하였다. T. variabilis 동결보존 후 35일간 재배양하여 세포수를 비교한 결과 두 가지 동결보존법 모두 재생에 성공하였으며, 초기 농도 1.0 × 105 cells에서 마이크로캡슐 방법은 6.7 × 106 cells로, 일반 동결 보존법은 1.1 × 107 cells로 증가되었다. 또한 배양 14일 후 T. variabilis 세포의 부정형 형태를 발견하였다. 세포 소기관을 관찰하기 위해 투과전자현미경(TEM) 분석을 하였고 lacunae와 lipid body의 크기가 줄어든 것을 확인하였다. 세포 형태와 관련된 mreB 유전자가 동결보존 전에 비해 동결 보존 후 발현량이 54.7%로 감소된 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구결과를 통해 향후 사상성 남조류에 대하여 보존제와 마이크로캡슐을 이용한 동결보존이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

EU의 우주행동강령의 의미와 평가 (EU's Space Code of Conduct: Right Step Forward)

  • 박원화
    • 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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    • 제27권2호
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    • pp.211-241
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    • 2012
  • 유럽연합(European Union: EU)이 2012년 6월 유엔의 우주의평화적이용위원회(COPUOS) 제 55차 회기에서 공식 제기한 우주활동의 국제 행동규범안(Draft International Code of Conduct for Outer Space Activities)은 그간 우주에서의 국가 활동 규범에 대한 미비한 요소들을 제시한 내용으로서 국제사회의 관심을 끌기에 충분한 내용이다. 현재 우주에서의 미비한 질서는 군비경쟁 금지, 우주쓰레기 경감 등을 통한 우주의 안전과 안보를 위한 지침, 그리고 우주활동의 정보를 참여 국가 간 교환하는 것이라고 할 수 있는 바, EU의 상기 제안은 여사한 문제들에 대한 행동 강령을 정한 것으로서 주목되는 내용이다. 2008년 말부터 시작된 EU의 제안 활동은 그간 일부 우주활동 국가들, 특히 미국과의 비공식 접촉을 통하여 접촉대상국들의 의견도 반영한 가운데 2013년 채택을 목표로 하는 자발적 이행 규범으로서 강제력을 가지고 있지는 않지만 미국은 우주에서의 군축 관련 규범 제정의 필요성에 탄력을 제공하는 계기가 될 가능성에 우려하는 가운데 현재는 방관하고 있는 입장으로 보인다. 이러한 미국의 입장은 우주에서 전략적 우위를 점하고 있다는 자국의 이익이 군축에 관한 규범의 제정으로 손상될 수 있다는 판단을 근거로 하고 있다. 이에 따라 미국은 유엔 총회에서 우주에서의 군비경쟁 방지(PAROS)에 관한 결의에 반대하고 군축회의(Conference on Disarmament: CD)에서 오랫동안 논의되어 왔던 우주에서의 군축을 촉구하는 논의의 장을 마련하는 것에 반대하여 왔다. 중국과 러시아는 2008년 우주에서의 군축에 관한 PPWT (Treaty on Prevention of the Placement of Weapons in Outer Space and of the Threat or Use of Force against Outer Space Objects)채택을 제안하였는 바, EU의 제안은 자신들이 제안한 PPWT의 추력을 저상시키는 내용이 되기 때문에 불편한 심정으로서 역시 소극적인 입장이다. 한편, 미국이 상기 입장의 연장선 상에서 PPWT에 반대 입장을 취하는 것은 이해하기 어렵지 않다. EU의 행동규범안은 주요 우주대국의 군사전략적 측면에서의 이해관계 때문에 그 장래가 명확치 않으나 우주쓰레기의 경감을 위하여 노력하고 우주활동의 정보를 상호교환하면서 우주에서의 안전과 안보를 보장을 통하여 가능한 우주의 평화적 이용과 탐사라는 기본 명제를 극대화 시키는 효과를 가져오는 것으로서 매우 바람직한 조치로 간주된다. 단, 동 규범안은 참여 국가들간의 협조와 연락업무를 수행하기 위하여 상설기구를 설치하도록 되어있지만 이는 기존 조직인 유엔외기권사무소(UN Office for Outer Space Affairs)가 담당하도록 할 경우 효율과 경제를 도모할 수 있을 것이다. 동 규범안에 대한 추후 구체 협상 시 여사한 내용도 논의될 것으로 보지만 EU의 우주활동의 안전과 안보에 관한 조치는 환경문제에서와 같이 국제사회를 이끌어가는 또 하나의 의미있는 기여로 평가받아야 한다.

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