• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.245-249
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• 2023

Prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola), an invasive annual plant, poses a significant threat to the agricultural systems of many countries, including Korea. In 2020, leaf blight symptoms were observed in the prickly lettuce populations of various farms across Korea. Detailed morphological and molecular sequence analyses revealed that the disease was caused by the fungus, Curvularia intermedia. A pathogenicity test confirmed that the fungus can cause the same symptoms in healthy prickly lettuce, thereby fulfilling Koch's postulates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of C. intermedia causing leaf blight on L. serriola in Korea, suggesting its potential as a biocontrol agent for this weed. However, further investigations are necessary to determine its ecological impact to prevent any non-target effects.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.311-319
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• 2001

In order to evaluate taxonomic status of Latcuca hallaisanensis H. $L{\acute{e}}v$., an endemic species of the Jeju-do Island, we investigated fruit wall structure and chromosome morphology. The fruit wall structure had 10-11 obtuse costae in the transverse section. The costa was wholly occupied by libriform fiber cells, and the underlying fibersclereid tissue was only one to three cells layers thick. Also, the intercosta lacked fiber-sclereid layers. Somatic chromosome numbers and karyotype of Latcuca hallaisanensis were recorded for the first time. This diploid species (2n=10) with the same basic number of x=5 has the total chromosome length $23.3{\mu}m$ and the length of each chromosome falls in $1.9{\mu}m-2.9{\mu}m$. It possess the karyotype complement i.e., 3sm+2st and a characteristic chromosome pair (No. 1 and 2) with a secondary constriction at the distal portion of the short arms. The overall similarity in external morphology (involucre, achene etc), chromosome morphology as well as in fruit wall anatomy between Lactuca hallaisanensis and Crepidiastrum s. lat. clearly indicated that this species should be treated as Crepidiastrum, rather than Lactuca.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.526-532
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate chemical properties of wild $Lactuca$ $indica$ (WL) and cultivated $Lactuca$ $indica$ (CL). The proximate composition, reducing sugar, free amino acids, organic acid, vitamin C, minerals, chlorophyll, and crude saponin were analyzed. WL and CL contained high levels of carbohydrate. The leaves and roots of CL contained higher levels of free amino acid than those of WL. Especially, the proline content of CL leaf was 12 times higher than that of WL leaf, and the arginine content of CL root was 100 times higher than that of WL root. The major organic acid and mineral of $Lactuca$ $indica$ were tartaric acid and potassium, respectively. CL showed significantly higher value of reducing sugar than WL. The vitamin C content of the samples ranged from 0.4 to 24.1 mg%, and CL leaf was the highest amount of vitamin C among the samples. CL leaf had a higher amount of chlorophyll than WL leaf, but WL root contained a higher amount of crude saponin than CL root. As in this study, CL showed better nutritional properties than WL, and these results will provide fundamental data in order to activate the cultivation of wild plants.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.340-347
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• 2022

The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the Ulva lactuca Linnaeus extracts were measured. As a result of the MTT assay of the extract, it was found that the cell viabilities were higher than 90% at all concentrations, and the cell promotion rate exceeded 100% at a certain concentration. Therefore, in all subsequent experiments, the highest concentration was set at 500 ㎍/ml. In the nitric oxide (NO) assay, one of the anti-inflammatory experiments, the Ulva lactuca Linnaeus extracts exhibited inhibitory effects of 16%, 19%, and 62% at concentrations of 5, 50, and 500 ㎍/ml, respectively, compared with the LPS-only group. In tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) assay, the extracts showed inhibitory effects of 16%, 17%, and 27% at concentrations of 5, 50, and 500 ㎍/ml, respectively, compared with the LPS-only group. In the interleukin-6 (IL-6) assay, the extracts also showed inhibitory effects of 15% and 28% at concentrations of 50 and 500 ㎍/ml, respectively, compared with the LPS-only group. In the total polyphenol content assay, the extracts exhibited 8.02, 9.90, and 23.8 mg GAE/g at concentrations of 0.3, 3, and 30 mg/ml, respectively. In the ABTS assay, the extracts exhibited scavenging activities of 2.6, 12.6, and 77.3% at concentrations of 0.3, 3, and 30 mg/ml, respectively. Therefore, it is considered that Ulva lactuca Linnaeus extracts can be used as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant substances for the development of functional foods.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.89-92
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• 2005

The germination of Lactuca sativa seeds was significantly inhibited by the water extract of the fresh leaves of Pulsatilla koreana N. including abundant ranunculin. Germination inhibitory activity increased in a dose-dependantly. Protoanemonin, produced from ranunculin by enzymatic action during maceration process of leaves, was proved to be the active principle with inhibitory activity was above 90% at concentration of 1 mg/ml.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.62-62
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• 2023

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 1994

The ethylacetate extract of Lactuca dentata Makino showed 6 flavonoidal components as detected by ferric chloride solution. The flavonoidal constituent of Lactuca dentata Makino was isolated and purified by the series of column chromatography. The chemical structure of one of the flavonoidal component named as compound E was identified by UV, IR and NMR spectrometry. The melting point range of compound E was $249.5^{\circ}C-251^{\circ}C$. The UV and IR spectra of purified compound E, and its genin were measured with the various shifting agents. The results of UV analysis showed the free state of hydroxy group at 3rd and 4th carbon and binding of sugar at the 7th carbon of compound. The sugar bound to the compound E was identified as glucose by TLC. The IR spectrum showed the presense of hydroxy group, conjugated carbonyl group and aromatic group. The analysis of NMR spectrum was done to the purified compound and its derivatives. The chemical shifts against hydrogen atom, hydroxy group, and the moiety of luteolin were observed in the NMR spectrum along with their position and number as well as type of sugar bound. The isolated and purified compound was identified as $luteolin-7-0-{\beta}-D-glucoside$.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.426-429
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• 2004

An easy, sensitive and rapid method for the analysis of phytol, a strong ACAT (Acyl-CoA: Cholesterol Acyltransferase) inhibitory diterpenoid, was established. The pre-treatment of sample for GC analysis of phytol includes aq. MeOH extraction, partition of the extracts between EtOAc and water, and filtration of organic phase through Supelclean LC-Si SPE tube. The GC analysis of phytol for a variety of Lactuca sativa was carried out on DB-5 capillary column with flame ionization detector (FID). The consistency in phytol contents according to each variety was not shown. Especially, Jeoktoma, as RS-2 type, showed the highest phytol content.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.88-92
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate about the effect of organic fertilizers(Pig manure fermentation compost; P, Organic fertilizer; B, F, Compost; D, and microorganism; M) on the growth and yield of the chinese cabbage and lactuca. At the standard applicated-amounts plot of organic fertilizer have appeared the best yield, but another the excess amount plot came into existence damage of fertilizer. However, according to the co-application of microorganism appeared certainly decreasing damage of fertilizers. Also at the same fertilizer and applicated-amounts plots were the higher than an-application of microorganism on the growth and yield. In conclusion, the excess application of organic fertilizer should be occurred fertilizer damages and increased on the growth and yield by use of microorganism.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.396-401
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• 2014

Nanomaterials have been widely used in many fields. This study investigates the effects of metal oxide nanoparticles (CuO, NiO, $TiO_2$, $Fe_2O_3$, $Co_3O_4$, ZnO) on germination and germination index (G.I.) of seeds, Lactuca and Raphanus. Under aqueous exposure, CuO on Lactuca shows the most significant impacts on activities compared to others, showing $EC_{50s}$ for germination and G.I. as 0.46 mg/L and 0.37%, respectively. The effects of nanoparticle phytotoxicity on seed Lactuca was much higher than that of Raphanus. In general, the toxicities on seed germination and germination index were as following orders : CuO > ZnO > NiO ${\gg}$ $TiO_2$, $Fe_2O_3$, $Co_3O_4$. No measurable inhibition was observed at 1,000 mg/L (maximum exposure concentration) of $TiO_2$, $Fe_2O_3$, $Co_3O_4$.