• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2020

Lactose intolerance is a pathophysiological phenomenon caused by a deficiency of the enzyme lactase present in human intestines. Changes in intestinal digestion and colon fermentation after the intake of lactose-containing products cause diarrhea and other clinical discomforts. Therefore, lactose intolerance can be easily ameliorated by consuming lactose hydrolyzed milk and dairy products. In the recent years, lactose-free dairy products have provided lactose intolerant consumers with several options, due to an improvement in the quality and an increase in the variety of products. Currently, the manufacturing of lactose-free products also represents the fastest growing sector in the dairy industry. This review, thus, aims to provide an overview of the current availability and prospects of lactose-free dairy products, and also discuss the potential benefits of the development of a variety of lactose-free dairy foods.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2021

Lactase (β-galactosidase) is abundant in the small intestine during early childhood and gradually decreases with age. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) present in yogurt could survive in the stomach, and lactase produced by these LAB can aid in lactose breakdown in the small intestine, thereby reducing lactose intolerance. This study aims to provide preliminary data for development of lactose-free yogurts for the elderly, and investigate the effect of lactose-hydrolyzed milk on the growth of starter cultures. The pH during yogurt fermentation using lactose-free milk was slightly higher at 2 and 4 h of incubation, but reached 4.5 at the end of incubation, similar to that of the yogurt prepared from regular milk. The number of viable cells of Streptococcus thermophilus reached 108 CFU/mL after 2 h of incubation and increased to 109 CFU/mL after 4 h of incubation. During yogurt fermentation, the viable cells of Lactobacillus species and Bifidobacterium longum did not affect lactose hydrolysis. Although lactose-hydrolyzed milk did not promote the growth of starter cultures, manufacturing yogurt with lactose-free milk could be beneficial for the intestinal health of lactose-sensitive elderly.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1982

유당(乳糖)을 함유(含有)하지 않은 분유식(粉乳食)을 섭취한 흰쥐의 장관내(腸管內)에는 Casein함유식(含有食)을 섭취한 때와 마찬가지로 C.P.P.가 생성(生成)되며 이 C.P.P.에 의해 장관내(腸管內) 칼슘이 증가(增加)되며 소장하부(小腸下部)에서의 칼슘흡수(吸收)가 촉진(促進)되는 것을 밝혔다. 그러나 10% 또는 30% Lactose를 첨가한 경우, 위의 제(諸) 현상(現象)은 보이지 않았다. 이것은 장관내(腸管內)에서의 칼슘의 가용화(可溶化) 및 흡수(吸收)에 대 한 C.P.P의 촉진효과(促進效果)가 유당(乳糖)과는 독립적(獨立的)으로 일어나는 것임을 시사함이다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.572-576
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• 2015

The most commonly used infant formulas contain lactose originating from cow milk. Goat milk has recently been claimed to be nutritionally more effective for infants than other milks. In baby foods, much emphasis is placed on the concentrations of intestinal microflora-promoting oligosaccharides, which are generally transferred into lactose from milk during crystallization process. Here we show that higher level of free sialic acid is present in goat lactose powder compared to cow lactose powder. Without proteinase K treatment, the amount of 3-sialyllactose and 6-sialyllactose were similar in goat and cow lactose powders. However, after proteolysis, 6-sialyllactose was present at higher levels in goat than in cow lactose powder. Galactooligosaccharides, a group of prebiotics, are present in milk in the form of glycoproteins. Galactooligosaccharide content was also higher in goat lactose powder than in cow lactose powder.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.199-203
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• 2016

An enzyme-free optical method is proposed for estimating high concentrations of glucose in a glucose-lactose mixture, based on a predictive equation that takes advantage of the reflective optical power observed at two discrete wavelengths. Compared to the conventional absorption spectroscopy method based on Beer's Law, which is mainly valid for concentrations below hundreds of mg/dL, the proposed scheme, which relies on reflection signals, can be applied to measure higher glucose concentrations, of even several g/dL in a glucose-lactose mixture. Two probe wavelengths of 1160 and 1300 nm were selected to provide a linear relationship between the reflective power and pure glucose/lactose concentration, where the relevant linear coefficients were derived to complete the predictive equation. Glucose concentrations from 2 to 7 g/dL in a glucose-lactose mixture were efficiently estimated, using the established predictive equation based on monitored reflective powers. The standard error of prediction was 1.17 g/dL.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제12권sup1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2009

The mainstay in the management of mild to moderately dehydrated children is fast rehydration by using hypotonic ORS (oral rehydration solution) and complete resumption of normal diet, including lactose-containing formula after 4 hours rehydration. Since the majority of young children with uncomplicated acute diarrhea will tolerate large amounts of undiluted non-human milk, withholding food and milk from children during diarrhea is not recommended anymore, regarding time to resolution and diarrhea control. In addition, routine dilution of milk and routine use of lactose-free formula are not necessary after fast ORS therapy. Breastfed infants and children fed with solid foods may safely continue receiving their usual diets during diarrhea instead of gradual reintroduction of feeding. However, young infants or children with severe diarrhea or malnutrition should be carefully treated under supervision if fed with lactose containing, non-human milk exclusively.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2018

Infant formula is classified into standard cow's milk-based and special formulas. This review aimed at summarizing the types of special milk formulas currently sold in Korea, and the appropriate indications for the use of these formulas; lactose free formula, soy-based formula, protein hydrolysate formula, amino acid-based formula, preterm formula, medium chain triglyceride formula, low-phosphorus formula, protein-energy-enriched formula, and formulas for inborn errors of metabolism.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2011

${\beta}$-galactosidase를 공유결합으로 키토산 담체에 고정화하여 고정화 효소의 특성을 조사하였다. 또한 충진층 반응기에서 연속 조업을 실시하여 공정 최적화를 실시하였다. 키토산 담체에 대한 효소 고정화 효율은 최대 75%을 나타내었다. 고정화 효소에 대한 최적의 pH는 7.0이었고 최적의 온도는 $50^{\circ}C$였다. pH와 온도의 실험 범위에서 고정화 효소가 자유 효소에 비해 넓은 분포를 보여 pH와 온도에 덜 민감하게 작용하였다. 충진층 반응기에서 고정화 효소의 운전에 대한 수학적 모델을 세우고 수치적으로 해를 구하였다. 투입되는 유당의 농도와 유량에 대해서 충진층 반응기의 출구에서 유당의 전환율을 측정하였다. 실험 결과를 경쟁적 저해 효소 반응식과 물질전달 저항을 고려한 수학적 모델의 결과와 비교하였다. 모델의 결과는 실험 결과를 5% 이내의 오차로 잘 예측하였다. 그리고 충진층 반응기의 길이에 따른 유당 전환율과 연속운전 시간에 따른 효소의 비활성화를 고려한 전환율을 모델로부터 예측하였다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제11권sup1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2008

Special formulas are those in which one of the basic nutrients (usually the protein and/or carrbohydrate) has been changed to an alternative nutrient that an individual baby may better tolerate. The following are specialized formulas : Soy formulas, hypoallergenic formulas, Lactose free formulas, Premature baby formulas, Low phosphate formulas, Formulas for inborn errors of metabolism. Less is known about the long-term effects of feeding babies these special formulas and each formula has its unique properties and indications. The pediatrician must acquaint themselves with all commercially available infant formulas so as to provide the parent with reliable and unbiased information about them.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.1031-1040
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding milk replacer (MR) with varying levels of lactose and the increased supply of total solids (from 750 to 960 g/d) on performance, blood metabolites, and health of Holstein male calves during the preweaning period. Methods: Forty newborn Holstein calves (10 per treatment) were blocked according to birth weight and date of birth and distributed in a randomized block design to different liquid diets: Whole milk powder (WMP) diluted to 125 g/L solids; MR with 48% lactose (48L), diluted to 125 g/L solids; MR with 53% lactose (53L), diluted to 125 g/L solids; 53L MR corrected to 160 g/L solids (16TS) by the inclusion of a solid corrector. Calves were individually housed in wood hutches, fed 6 L/d of the liquid diet, and had free water and starter concentrate access. The study lasted 56 days. Results: Liquid diet intake was higher for calves fed 16TS than for other treatments. Calves fed 16TS presented higher protein and fat intake, followed by those fed WMP and the 48L or 53L MRs. Lactose intake was higher for 16TS-fed calves, followed by 53L, 48L, and WMP-fed calves. Starter and total dry matter intake did not differ among liquid diets. The average daily gain was higher for 16TS than 48L-fed calves, with the other treatments being intermediary. The lowest feed efficiency was observed for calves fed 48L. No effects on health were observed, as well as on selected blood metabolites, except for albumin concentration, which was higher for calves fed 16TS and WMP. Conclusion: Higher total solids content (160 g/L) in MR increases nutrient intake and consequently improves the performance of dairy calves. Feeding MRs with levels of lactose up to 53% of the DM had no deleterious effect on the performance or health of the calves.