• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.256-262
• /
• 2017

Molten zinc plating is a process in which zinc is thinly coated over a metallic or non-metallic surface. It is used in various industrial fields for corrosion resistance and decoration. During the process, a steel sheet is passed through a roll that rotates inside the molten zinc liquid in the temperature range of $460^{\circ}C$ to $680^{\circ}C$, and the plating liquid flows into the roll causing abrasion and erosion of the roll surface. This problem is known to accelerate the replacement cycle of the roll and cause considerable economic loss owing to production line stoppage. Here, we propose a mechanism that operates at high temperature and pressure with a labyrinth type seal design to resolve this problem. We theoretically investigate the flow of the plating solution inside the seal and compute the minimum rotation speed required to prevent the plating solution from entering the seal chamber. In addition, we calculate the thermal deformation of the seal during operation and display thermally deformed dimensions at high temperatures. To verify the theoretical results, we perform experiments using pilot test equipment working in the actual plating environment. The experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical results. We expect our results to contribute towards the extension of the roll's life span and thereby reduce the economic losses.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.25-30
• /
• 2024

High-temperature superconducting rotors offer advantages in terms of output-to-weight ratio and efficiency compared to conventional phase conduction motors or generators. The rotor can be cooled by conduction cooling, which attaches a cryocooler, and by refrigerant circulation, which uses circulating liquid or gas neon, helium and hydrogen. Recent work has focused on environmental issues and on high-temperature superconducting motors cooled with liquid hydrogen that can be combined with fuel cells. However, to ensure smooth supply and return of the cryogenic cooling fluid, a cryogenic rotational coupling between the rotating and stationary parts is necessary. Additionally, the development of a sealing structure to minimize fluid leakage applicable to the coupling is essential. This study describes the design and performance evaluation of a non-contact sealing method, specifically a labyrinth seal, which avoids power loss and heat load caused by friction in contact sealing structures. The seal design incorporates a spiral flow path to reduce leakage using centrifugal force, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted to analyze the flow path and rotational speed. A performance evaluation device was configured and employed to evaluate the designed seal. The results of this study will be used to develop a cryogenic rotational coupling with supply and return flow paths for cryogenic applications.

• KSTLE International Journal
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.79-83
• /
• 2002

Sealing an oil-air mixture plays important roles to have an enhanced lubrication for high speed spindle. High speed spindle requires non-contact type of sealing mechanism. Current work emphases on the investigation of the air jet effect on the protective collar type labyrinth seal. To improve the sealing capability of conventional labyrinth seal, air jet was injected against through the leakage flow, It has a combined geometry of a protective collar type and an air jet type. Both of a numerical analysis by CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) and experimental measurements are carried out to verify sealing improvement The sealing effects of the leakage clearance and the air jet magnitude are studied in various parameters. The results of pressure drop in the experiment match reasonably to those of the simulation by introducing a flow coefficient Effect of sealing improvement is explained as decreasing of leakage clearance by air jetting. Thus, sealing effect is improved by amount of air jetting even though clearance becomes larger.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.735-739
• /
• 2006

중 소규모 댐의 경우 대부분 홍수에 취약한 것으로 확인되고 있으나 투자의 우선순위에 밀려 안전의 사각지대에 놓여 있는 것이 현실이다. 그러나 만약 댐이 붕괴될 경우에는 그 피해가 막대하므로 현실적인 대책수립과 함께 보강조치가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 치수 및 경제적인 측면에서 현실적인 대안을 강구하기 위하여 기존의 중.소규모 댐들을 저수지 규모 및 여수로 형식별로 분석하였고, 홍수배제능력증대사례를 조사하여 중.소규모 댐들에 적용 가능하다고 판단되는 몇 가지의 여수로 개축모형(안)을 선정하였다. 또한 선정된 개축모형(안) 중에서 1차적으로 Labyrinth spillway의 경우에 대한 방류능력증대 효과를 3차원 수치해석을 통하여 검토한 결과 초기방류량의 증가에 따른 홍수조절효과로 개축전의 월류수심 2.40m를 2.05m로 낮출 수 있고 기준 여유고를 확보할 수 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.14-21
• /
• 2006

Leakage reduction through annular type seals of turbomachinery is necessary for enhancing their efficiency and the precise prediction method of seal leakage is needed. The analysis based on Bulk-flow concept has been mainly used in predicting seal leakage. However, full Navier-Stokes Equations with turbulent model derived in the seal flow passage have to be solved for improving the prediction of seal leakage. FLUENT 6 which is commercial CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) code based on FVM(Finite Volume Method) and SIMPLE algorism has been used to analyze leakage of various non-contact-type seals in this presentation. Comparing with the results of Bulk-flow model analysis and experiment, the result of CFD analysis shows good agreement with that of existing theoretical analysis for the incompressible grooved seal and compressive plain and staggered seal. The CFD analysis also shows improvement on the leakage prediction of the incompressible plain seal and compressive see-through-type labyrinth seal.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회B
• /
• pp.2612-2615
• /
• 2008

Diaphragm seals have great effects on the performance of large power-generation steam turbines. Hence, it is important to decrease the leakage flow through the diaphragm seals and understand the flow characteristics within the diaphragm seals. In this study, numerical analysis was carried-out with the seals of large one-body type diaphragms developed by a domestic company. CFX, which is a commercial CFD code, was used to analyze the performance and flow characteristics of the diaphragm seals for three difference clearance cases. The results of numerical analysis show variations in the performance and flow characteristics according to the changes of labyrinth seal clearance.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.56-62
• /
• 1997

Sealing an oil-air mixture plays important roles to have an enhanced lubrication for high speed spindle. High speed spindles require non-contact type sealing mechanism. In this study, an optimum seal design to minimize leakage is concerned in the aspect of flow control. This paper categorizes geometries of mostly used non-contact type seals and analyzes each leakage characteristics to minimize a leakage on sealing area. Effect of minimum clearance and its position are considered according to variation of detail geometry. The estimation of non-leaking property is determined by amount of pressure drop in the leakage path assuming constant leakage flow. To simulate an oil jet or oil mist type high speed spindle lubrication, the working fluid is regarded as two phases that are mixed flow of oil phase and air phase. Both of the turbulence and the compressible flow model were introduced in CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis. Design parameters has been induced to minimize leakage in limited space, and a methodological study on geometrical optimization has been conducted.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1983

The purpose of the present study is to determine variations in synthesis of DNA in the nuclei of various elements of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) placenta with increasing gestational age from the eighth day post coitus to parturition. The method employed for such determination was autoradiography following injection of pregnant animals with tritiated thymidine. From the results reported, the following points are concluded. The mitotic activities of the endodermal cells of the visceral yolk sac and of the parietal yolk sac, the trophoblastic cells of the labyrinth and the trophospongium and the giant cells were decreased with increasing gestational age, The placentation was nearly completed by day 13 of pregnancy and the increase in size of labyrinth was by appositional growth from the trophospongial cells. It was considered that the inner trophoblastic cells in the vicinity of the fetal blood vessels were originated from the pure chorion. The interrelation among the various cells and the polyploidal giant cells in the placenta were discussed.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제24권9호
• /
• pp.2159-2166
• /
• 2000

Recently, high performance machining center requires special type of sealing mechanism that prevent a leakage of oil jet or oil mist lubrication system. Sealing of oil-air mixture plays important r oles to have an enhanced lubrication for performance machining center. Current work emphasizes on investigations of the air jet effect on the protective collar type labyrinth seal. To improve sealing capabilities of conventional labyrinth seals, air jet is injected against the leakage flow. In this study, an adapted model is introduced to improve sealing capability of conventional non-contact type seals. It has a combined geometry of a protective collar type and an air jet type. Both of a numerical analysis by CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) and experimental measurements are carried out to verify sealing improvement. The sealing effects of the leakage clearance and the air jet magnitude aic studied in various parameters. Gas or liquid has been used as a working fluid for most of nori-contact types seals including the labyrinth seal. However, it is more reasonable to regard two-phase flows because oil mist or oil jet are used for high performance spindle's lubrication. In this study, working fluid is regarded as two phases that are mixed flow of oil and air phase. Both of turbulence and compressible flow model are also introduced in a CFD analysis to represent an isentropic process. Estimation of non-leaking property is determined by amount of pressure drop in the leakage path. Results of pressure drop in the experiment match reasonably to those of the simulation by introducing a flow coefficient. Effect of the sealing improvement is explained as decreasing of leakage clearance by air jetting. Thus, sealing effect is improved by amount of air jetting even though clearance becomes larger

• 한국방재학회 논문집
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 2007

대부분의 중규모 이하 댐은 홍수에 취약한 필댐으로 대책마련이 시급한 상황이나 시설물의 중요도 및 예산형편 등을 이유로 안전의 사각지대에 놓여있다. 이러한 문제점에 대한 현실적인 대책으로 여수로 월류부만을 부분 개축할 경우 방류능력을 어느 정도 증대시킬 수 있는지 분석하였다. 월류부 개축모형은 래버린스 웨어(labyrinth weir)와 가동 웨어를 선정하였고, 소규모 댐을 임의 선정하여 수리모형실험과 Flow-3D를 이용한 3차원수치해석을 통해 월류수심별 방류량을 산정하였다. 개축모형별 개선효과를 분석하기 위하여 빈도별 확률홍수량과 가능최대홍수량(PMF)을 산정하였고, 저수지홍수추적을 실시하여 개축 전 후의 최고수위를 비교하였다.