• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.209-218
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• 2022

Today, with the development of the Internet and mobile technology, consumers' purchasing patterns have shifted from offline to online. In addition, due to the recent COVID-19, online purchases have significantly increased, and accordingly, the courier industry for logistics delivery has also grown significantly. Various logistics robots are being operated in many industrial and can reduce the labor intensity and physical and mental fatigue of workers. However, if the logistics robot does not properly recognize the people or environment around it, it can lead to a serious accident. We conducted that how logistics robots can perform safe work in a working environment such as a logistics warehouse through the application of ISO/DIS 21448 (SOTIF) to autonomous logistics transport robots. This result is expected to contribute to the operation of unmanned logistics warehouses using AGV.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.153-154
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• 2021

Currently, the construction industry is decreasing every year due to people's poor perception, high labor intensity, unstable employment structure, and welfare problems, as people avoid entry. Accordingly, this study investigated how to attract trainees and graduates from domestic construction education institutions to the construction industry. If institutional devices are prepared to prepare for the future by improving the welfare system such as unemployment benefits and retirement deductions in the construction industry, many trainees in their 20s and 30s will be attracted to the construction industry. If it helps expand hands-on education through on-site linkage and has the necessary technical skills for practice, it is believed that trainees and graduates in their 4s and 60s will be attracted to the construction industry.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• v.35
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• pp.49.1-49.7
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• 2023

The Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS) is a state-approved statistical survey that has been conducted by the Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute (OSHRI) every 3 years since 2006 to monitor changes in the working conditions of Koreans. This cross-sectional national survey involves a sample of 50,000 employed people aged 15 or older. KWCS measures various working conditions through > 130 survey questions, including questions regarding working hours, labor intensity, work-life balance, degree of exposure to risk factors, and subjective health status. Professional survey interviewers visit households and conduct face to face interviews. KWCS provides data and statistics for occupational safety and health polices and research in Korea. Furthermore, OSHRI holds academic conferences every year, awards high-quality academic papers, and supports researchers using data. Microdata is publicly available through the OSHRI website (https://oshri.kosha.or.kr).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.77-86
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• 2016

Due to aging of the rural and mountain populations the labor force is reduced. However work intensity continues to increase, thus, there is a need to improve the current effectiveness of forest operations. This study compared and analyzed the Operation productivity and efficiency of planting containerized seedlings using a battery-powered planting auger and a mattock. Growth was also investigated by looking into the initial growth increments in the planted seedlings. Tasks were investigated by analyzing the process and operation time needed to plant 1 containerized seedling using a planting auger and a mattock. The time spent on the various elements of the planting process was measured with a stopwatch but observations were done continuously. Result of the study shows that with the use of a lightweight planting auger the average time spent to plant a containerized seedling is 18.61 seconds while with the use of a mattock it took an average of 26.96 seconds which clearly demonstrates that the planting auger is more efficient in terms of working hours. Working intensity was also analyzed with the use of a portable heart rate monitor (Polar V800). The average increase in heart rate and work intensity index were analyzed for one planting cycle. It was observed that when using the lightweight planting auger, there was a 46.51% increase in the average heart rate while a 74.67% increase in heart rate when the mattock was used which shows that there is a significant increase in heart rate when mattock is used. In addition, work intensity index was observed to be 29.95% and 47.83% when the planting auger and mattock were used respectively. With the continuous use, work intensity index is significantly higher with the use of the mattock as compared to that of the lightweight planting auger. There were no significant differences on the growth increment of seedlings planted using the different tools until a year after planting, however differences in growth increment were observed after a year. A difference of 15.1 cm in height and 3.41 mm in diameter was observed which shows that the use of lightweight planting auger is excellent for planting containerized seedlings.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.223-233
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• 2020

Problems related to wages in the construction industry, which directly affect the livelihood of workers, have caused other problems in maintaining skilled workers, such as decreasing the inflow of new laborers and increasing the outflow of the existing labor force, which has weakened the foundation of industrial production. Against this backdrop, this study aimed to improve the current wage calculation system in order to increase the inflow of new laborers and maintain the existing skilled workers. It is necessary to differentiate the minimum wage in the construction industry, which requires a high intensity of labor, by industry and occupation type. It is also necessary to establish standards for specifically calculating wages, such as holiday work and overtime pay. The standard of the current retirement mutual aid fund needs to be upwardly adjusted at the same time.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.55-70
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• 2017

In order to understand job burnout, it is necessary to consider not only the working environment according to the market environment but also the social situation of the team or the organization. This study analyzed the effects of job demands and job resources on job burnout based on JD-R theory. In other words, the team-level variables, servant leadership and HRM control types, were tested for the effect of moderating the individual workload, emotional labor and job burnout. The results of empirical analysis showed that the higher the self-efficacy, the less job burnout, whereas the higher the workload and emotional labor, the more job burnout. Second, the more positive the team level input and result oriented HRM are, the less positive regression relation of workload and job burnout is. Finally, it was found that the intensity of the regression relation of negative self-efficacy and job burnout was amplified in the team with servant leadership.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.216-223
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• 2018

Background: Many studies have reported negative psychological or physical effects of emotional labor. Relationship between work-related musculoskeletal disorder and psychosocial factors has been reported. To manage organizational and psychosocial factors of musculoskeletal disorder with work place intervention among emotional laborers, the factors contributing to musculoskeletal pain must be identified and clarified. Methods: Data from the fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey was analyzed. Based on the questionnaire, we selected emotional laborers and included 3,979 participants, excluding participants whose variables were of interest to the researcher. Weight variable was applied. The association with musculoskeletal pain and psychosocial factors, such as workload, monotonous work, job control, social support, and job satisfaction, was investigated. Results: Univariate analysis demonstrated that there was a statistically significant relationship between social support, job satisfaction, and musculoskeletal pain. In multivariate analysis, job satisfaction showed a strong correlation with musculoskeletal pain at all sites. Social support was significantly associated with backache. Monotonous work seemed to reduce the pain in the neck and/or upper limbs. Job control and work intensity were not significantly associated with musculoskeletal pain. Conclusion: In this study, job satisfaction was significantly associated with musculoskeletal pain, and social support among the social psychological stressors could reduce musculoskeletal pain. However, unlike previously known, the presence of monotonous work resulted in reduced musculoskeletal pain. The results of this study will help to establish the direction of improvement of atmosphere in the workplace to prevent the musculoskeletal pain of emotional laborers.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.293-319
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• 2018

This study analyzed the determinants of employment for the regular workers in the industrial type, and the results are as follows. First, 73.2% of companies use outsourcing as of 2015, and manufacturing (83.7%) is 20% p higher than non-manufacturing (63.7%). Over the past 10 years, the rate of outsourcing increased by 88.7% in manufacturing and 44.2% in non-manufacturing. Second, as a result of estimating the determinants of employment for regular workers, the variables of labor income distribution, operating profit, sales, R & D expenditure, foreign capital ratio significantly increase the employment of regular workers, while outsourcing, capital intensity, Were estimated to significantly reduce employment. Third, as a result of subdivision of industrial type and estimation of the effect of outsourcing on employment, it decreased employment of regular workers in all types. The size of influence was the biggest decrease in 'basic material type' in manufacturing industry and 'distribution service type' in non - manufacturing industry.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.19-35
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• 2018

This paper is to estimate the total factor productivity(TFP) in the Korean manufacturing and service industries during the period 1975:1-2016:4 using the stochastic frontier analysis model. In order to analyze the determinants for the total factor productivity the paper estimates the industry-specific determinant elasticities of TFP using the autoregressive distributed model. The industry-specific determinants, which reflect the industrial structure and properties include markup, the ratio of capital to labor(KL), and the ratio of foreign intermediate goods (FIG) to industrial output. The average value for total factor productivity growth was estimated to be 0.0199 in manufacturing and 0.0063 in the service industry. The markup and KL elasticities of TFP were estimated to be 2.481 and 0.651 in manufacturing respectively and -1.403 and 0.042 in the service industry respectively. The empirical results suggest that the industrial markup and the ratio of capital to labor have had decisive effects on the changes in the total factor productivity in the Korean manufacturing and service industries during the period 1975:1-2016:4.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.839-845
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• 2018

As a solution to the rural shortage of labor, mechanization crop production is necessary, but in some cases, the mechanization can cause problems such as a decrease in products due to the expansion of the necessary moderate workspace. The purpose of this study was to compare the yields of pepper by the planting-density for the mechanization of pepper cultivation. Experiments were done with three planting-density levels of $900{\times}300mm^2$(A-T), $1200{\times}450mm^2$(B-T), and $1500{\times}600mm^2$(C-T). In the analysis of growth, the highest values in plant height and thickness and the number of branches were observed with the B-T. C-T showed the highest values in the number of green-pepper and red-pepper and weight of the green-pepper and red-pepper, followed by B-T and A-T. In the analysis of growth, it was concluded that the proportion of the pepper body to the total length increased as the planting-density decreased. C-T had the biggest maximum diameter of the body, followed by B-T and A-T. On the other hand, A-T had the biggest minimum diameter of the body, followed by B-T and C-T. It was judged that the larger the planting-density was, the shorter the length was and the thicker the form was. As a result of measuring the chromaticity, there was no significant statistical difference in quality. Based on the experiment results, the ranking in total yields was in the order of C-T, B-T, and A-T. The reduced planting-density seemed to increase the productivity, while the labor intensity and time were reduced due to the improvement of the working environment.