• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.167-174
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the accessibility of dental care services among individuals with precarious employment in South Korea. Methods: We used the $9^{th}$ wave of the Korean Health Panel data (2015) and included 7,736 wage and non-wage earners in our study. We determined precariousness in the labor market as a combination of employment relationship and job income, and categorized individuals based on this into the following four groups: Group A comprising those who report job and income security, Group B comprising those who experience job insecurity alone, Group C comprising those who report a stable job but low income, and Group D comprising those who experience both job and income insecurity. Accessibility to dental care services was determined by experience of unmet dental care needs and unmet dental care needs caused primarily by financial burden. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the effect of precarious work on access to dental care services. Results: Individuals with job insecurity (Group B; OR=1.445; 95% CI=1.22-1.70) and both job and income insecurity (Group D; OR=1.899; 95% CI=1.61-2.24) were more likely to have unmet needs than the comparison group. Both groups B and D were also 2.048 (95% CI=1.57-2.66) times and 4.435 (95% CI =3.46-5.68) times more likely, respectively, to have unmet dental care needs caused by financial burden. Education status, health insurance, and health status were all also effective factors influencing unmet dental care needs. Conclusions: Unstable employment and low income resulted in diminished access to dental care services. Therefore, governments should consider health policy solutions to reduce barriers preventing individuals with employment and income instability from accessing adequate dental care.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.67 no.3
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• pp.155-163
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• 2022

The tillering potential of panicle number type (PNT) rice greatly varies with planting density. Moreover, grain filling and ripening differ depending on the panicle position, which may further affect rice grain quality. The present study evaluated the grain quality of PNT rice sparsely planted to reduce production costs. The physicochemical characteristics of starch from the grains of PNT type rice 'Ilpum' planted at different densities (37, 50, 60, and 80 plants/3.3 m²) and at different positions of panicles (upper or lower on the culm) were determined. Overall, as the planting density decreased, the number of panicles increased but the starch content decreased, which further reduced the 1,000-grain weight. In particular, at the lowest density (37 plants/3.3 m²), protein content increased but particle size, enthalpy, and relative crystallinity decreased. The effects were more pronounced at lower than at upper panicle positions. These findings indicate that tillering potential differs with planting density, ultimately affecting the palatability of rice grains. Based on these findings, we propose restricting rice transplantation to a planting density of ≤37 plants/3.3 m² to achieve the best quality of grains at lower costs and with less labor.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.5-27
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to enhance the access and the use of international information sources by analyzing the types and the characteristics of information services and resources of the UN specialized agencies. A brief review of the goals and activities of the 16 specialized agencies involving every aspects of international affairs, such as agriculture, food standards, alleviating poverty, financial stability, labor conditions and health care, are presented with the discussions of the useful documents and publications available at the each agency's WWW page as well as access tools for the resources and information services of the agencies. Finally, some suggestions for more effective international information services are made.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.149-154
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• 2007

Now, in Korea, the performances of the building service equipment relay on the individual superintendent's share for the assessment of performance, fault detection, deterioration diagnosis of the building service equipment. As the result, very different quality of the performance or the durability of equipment is being obtained with his skill and effort and it is also not easy to assess that quality. This finally lead to the waste of labor force and the operating cost due to the high-cost, low-efficiency system. How to construct the N-BMS was considered to save energy, resource and to conserve performance of building service equipment. The FEMIS, facility, energy/environmental management & information system, for building service offer management process integrated with BAS, FMS and EMS and so on.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.21-40
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• 2022

Advances in information and communication technology have introduced self-service technologies (SSTs) to service companies, changing the way they serve. In addition, as SSTs are expanding for low cost and high efficiency, opportunities for technology to interact with consumers have increased. Restaurant managers have the advantage of the SSTs win-win strategy, which allows consumers to freely receive the products or services they want, but some consumers have low satisfaction of the SSTs, especially elder people and the blind. This study examines the effect of unmanned order payment technology on service quality evaluation. For this, we interviewed a total of 12 consumers in their 10s to 50s with the experiences of using unmanned order payment technology, applying the Grounded Theory Method(GTM). Through a review of the research participant interview materials, totally 84 concepts were derived and the concepts were analyzed to derive 15 subcategories and 10 upper categories. Finally, a paradigm model of the effect of unmanned order payment technology on service quality assessment was derived. It also found the importance of consumers' sense of obligation to use unmanned order payment technology, recognition of advantages (e.g., time savings), recognition of shadow labor, and recognition of whether the technology usage process is in the service quality assessment stage.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.381-386
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• 2022

We develop a business model for facade cleaning service robot system that provides service by meeting the market needs and environments. The size of the facade cleaning market is growing rapidly in recent years due to the increasing importance of indoor space and the modern trend of building construction methods. Also, maintenance of exterior appearance of buildings has become an important factor in residential and commercial facilities. Though demand for facade cleaning services is rising, the current facade cleaning services are performed dangerously in a human labor-dependent way. It is desirable that the existing human resource service should be replaced with robot-based services. In addition, quantitative analysis of rental pricing model was conducted to propose effective launch of products to the market. The robot system is economically attractive from the consumer's point of view. When the actual facade cleaning robot service is released, it is expected that verification of the business models and more accurate analysis with specific figures can be performed.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.3-23
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• 1993

In this paper the prevailing geography of the information sector, fousing on its occupatonal dimension, is examined. The purposes of this paper are to analyze the labor force share of information occupation workers at each special city and region, to compare the inter-regional distribution of information workforce and to analyze regional share of information occupations in manufacturing industry. Spatial pattern of size and occupational composition of information sector shows a core-periphery disparity. There is a clear evidence of Seoul's dominance of the information economy, particularly such as scientific and technical, consultative services, management and process control function. Also the distribution of information workers in manufacturing industry over space was polarized than is the case for total manufacturing employment and noninformation workers. Therefore Korean information economy is marked by a highly articulated spatial division of labor within individual industry, which can be attributed to the locational characteristics of information intensive industries and industrial composition of regional economy. From the results of this study, information employment prospects among regions of Korea would reinforce the unequal geography of job opportunity. In this light, regional policy efforts should be given to the improvement of information infrastructure to facilitate new computer-based service products and process in peripheral regions.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.84-88
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• 2001

Two methods of nitrogen application at the 4th leaf stage were evaluated in direct-seeding rice cultivation on dry paddy soil: one was the top dressing of nitrogen on dry paddy condition before irrigation (TNDP) for labor saving, and the other was the top dressing of nitrogen on dry paddy with mechanical rotavation of the inter-row space (TNDPIR) for increasing the efficiency of nitrogen. To evaluate these two application methods, leaf chlorophyll contents, growth characteristics and yields were compared with two conventional methods, basal application (BA) and top dressing on flooded paddy condition at the 4th leaf stage (TNFP). The SPAD value of rice in TNDP was similar with that in TNFP throughout the whole growth stage of rice. Also, there were no differences in rice growth and yield between the two methods. However, in TNDPIR, the SPAD value was the highest during tillering stage among the four application methods, and the tiller number, LAI at heading stage and the panicle number were higher than the two conventional methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.76-91
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• 2005

항공운송산업은 여객운송과 화물운송 등에 있어서 그 비중이 계속적으로 증가하여 왔으며 다양한 산업 및 기업들과 연관되어 있다. 그런데 항공운송산업에서 파업이 발생한다면 이를 대체할 만한 수단이 없어 항공사가 막대한 손실을 입을 뿐만 아니라 파업의 연쇄효과로서 적기납품 곤란으로 인한 수출관련 기업에의 타격, 관광 등 연관산업에의 악영향, 기업 및 국가 신인도 하락, 국민생활의 불편과 사회불안 등을 야기시킨다. 이렇듯 항공사 파업에 의한 경제 손실규모가 일반 사업장과는 비교가 안 될 만큼 막대하기에 국가적 차원에서 논의되어야 할 필요가 있다. 현생법상 항공운송산업은 공익사업으로서 노동부장관의 긴급조정 결정으로 노동쟁의를 해결할 수 있게 되어있다. 그러나 긴급조정 제도는 발동요건상 활용에 어려운 점이 많아서 경영계는 직권중재제도의 도입을 주장하고, 노동계는 직권중재 및 일방중재신청제도의 폐지를 주장하고 있으며, 정부는 새로운 대안으로서 최소업무 유지 의무 제도 도입 등을 고려하고 있으나 항공운송산업이 갖는 특수성, 공공성과 국민경제에 미치는 영향을 고려해 볼 때 필수공익사업 지정과 직권중재의 활용이 더 적절한 방법이라고 보여지며, 남용방지를 위해 회부요건·절차 등은 법률로 명시할 필요가 있다. 만일 직권중재제도가 폐지되고 최소업무 유지의무 제도가 도입된다면 항공운송산업이 그 대상업무에 반드시 포함되어야 한다.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.163-196
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• 2001

This paper is a critical assessment of 'productive welfare policy' of the Kim Dae-jung adminstration and I tried to make several recommendations as alternatives. Quite contrary to concept of 'productive' welfare, which promotes less government intervention and more market-friendly approach, the Kim Dae-jung adminstration seems to have been moving in the opposite direction. As alternatives, I suggested i) work-fare rather than cash assistance, ii ) Employment Insurance Account to cover non-regular workers, iii) Medical Savings Account for minor medical services to reform medical insurance, and iv) enhancement of labor market flexibility by abolishing mandated retirement allowances in Korea I finally proposed the tuition and fellowship support program to the low-income group to enhance their economic status in a knowledge-based society.