• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.383-393
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• 1991

Lodging of rice plant is the most important damage by unfavourable weather conditions in rice cultivation. High levels of nitrogen application and growing of Japonica rice variety is one factor to increase the lodging damage. Lodging of rice plant decreasing grain yield; 34% at milky. 21% at dough. 20% at yellow stage. decreasing grain Quality. increasing green rice. and increasing labor cost to harvest. To decrease lodging damage. the lodging resistant varieties will be selected and cultural practices such as amount and time of nitrogen application. planting density. water management. and disease and pest control methods have to be study for the short and strong culm. and good rooting system. Also. application methods such amount and time of plant growth regulators and new types of chemicals will be develop for the reducing lodging of rice plant. To decrease the lodging damage in direct seeding cultivation. first identifying the differences of lodging mechanisms between hand transplanting and direct seeding, second establish the suitable direct seeding methods such as seedling establishement. fertilization. and water menagement.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.101-109
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• 2023

The aim of this study is to verify the relationships of factors affecting nursing performance of clinical nurses focused on positive affective events. The subjects of this study were 275 clinical nurses from secondary and tertiary general hospitals. Data collection was conducted for two months from May 2021 through an online survey through snowball sampling. Data analyzed was using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0. The variables affecting job satisfaction included direct effect of positive affective events (β=.65, p<.001), and direct effect of positive affectivity (β=.10, p=.038). Job satisfaction (β=.47, p<.001) had statistically significant direct effects on nursing performance. Positive affective events (β=.32, p=.003) and positive affectivity (β=.05, p=.039) had statistically significant indirect effects on nursing performance. These variables explained for 22% of nursing performance. However, emotional labor had no significant effect on job satisfaction and nursing performance. The results indicate that positive affective events and positive affectivity result in high degree of job satisfaction. Job satisfaction would increase the level of nursing performance. Therefore, in order to improve nursing performance, it is necessary to provide educational opportunities and interventions that can promote positive work environment and positive affectivity.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.165-170
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• 2023

There are cases where the mobility impaired have difficulty moving from the moment they leave the house. If guardians also do not have time to entrust their families, who are socially disadvantaged, to a shelter, the guardian has no choice but to check directly in order to know the location of the guardian. The AI home care solution was designed to relieve the anxiety and labor of caregivers and to provide convenience for protection facility officials and users. If more facilities distribute and use services free of charge to non-profit foundations and protective facilities, the concern of guardians will be reduced, and the burden of facility officials who have to manage facility users will be reduced. In this paper, we provide emergency notification services to guardians in the event of an emergency as well as location and status alarms for guardians, which are all data related to movement, in consideration of the mobility vulnerable. Furthermore, it is necessary to provide a service function that recommends the optimal route using a navigation function to ease the convenience and burden of facility officials. It is necessary to alleviate anxiety by providing necessary information to the guardian, such as the location of the shuttle used by the mobile weak and the time of getting on and off. In addition, while providing services for free, the goal is to improve the quality of service for facility managers and the quality of service for the mobility weak.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.6 no.10
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• pp.373-382
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• 2016

Under the Agricultural technology is influenced from climate that is requisite of seasonal. So this system will cover the problems and develop the agricultural industry as well. So far, the agricultural industry is developing however, it has the points of the weakness because of natural disasters such as wind risk and heavy snow. This paper designs system to change vinyl on the greenhouse. This is a preliminary study for the real-time feedback control of greenhouse. The study developed a wireless IoT sensor system based on authentic technology capacities, to integrate with the protected horticulture Management System. These system was used to evaluate the levels of the snow cover and wind through IoT devices. The existing greenhouse uses the warm water to clear snow or to change methods. This system will recover by changing the vinyl which is covered outside of the greenhouse. The points of the system is changing vinyl to spin pipe. It is contained extra vinyl. The effects of this system are minimized labor protected crops from natural disasters. For this purpose, the study first developed a wireless IoT sensor unit that integrates an MEMS device and wireless communication module. Also, the study developed an operating program that enables real-time response measurement. It will help operational and maintenance greenhouse as a result.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.4D
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• pp.635-647
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• 2006

Korean construction companies first advanced to the international markets in 1960's and so far have brought more than 4,900 projects which account for 193 billion dollars approximately. With the large increase of national employment and income being followed by the achievement, Korea's construction industry has made an enormous contribution to the improvement of domestic economy for the last 40 years. However, recently the increased risk in international markets as well as the sharpening competition with foreign companies promising in terms of advanced technologies and low labor cost have been driving Korean construction away from the market shares. According to ENR (Engineering News Record, 1994~2003), it is revealed that 15.1% of top 225 global contractors are suffering from loss in international construction markets. This phenomenon is largely due to the highly uncertain characteristics of international projects, which are inherently exposed to various and complicated risky situations. Furthermore, especially for Korean construction companies, it is often the case that the failure in an international construction project cannot be offset by even a sufficient number of successful domestic achievements. Therefore, not only the selective screening among the nominated projects which have strong possibility of collapse but the systematic strategies for controlling potential risk factors are also considered indispensable in international construction portfolio management. The purpose of this study is to first analyze the causal relationships of the profit-influencing variables and the project success, and develop the profitability forecasting model in international construction projects.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.467-481
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• 2022

What are the implications for us through the discussion on the effect of Germany's dual system of vocational education on the youth unemployment rate? You can find out what kind of evaluation Germany is receiving on the dual system vocational education system implemented based on the 'Vocational Education and Training Act' (Berufsbildungsgesetz), and the specific system establishment form for the industry-academic-government cooperation system. It was possible to present the crises and problems of these systems. Responsibility for the dual system of vocational education in Germany rests with the national and state ministries of education, and private enterprises and chambers of commerce are responsible for business practices. Practical work in a company is conducted through skill-oriented education, and in vocational schools, competency-oriented theoretical education is received. In addition, the necessity and demand for digital vocational and education training in accordance with German Idustrie 4.0 and higher vocational education degree acquisition through dual-degree courses were identified. It can be seen that the youth unemployment rate is the lowest in Europe due to the successful development and utilization of human resources to improve the competitiveness of companies, such as dual vocational education and training (VET) at all levels, higher vocational education at universities, and continuing vocational education programs. Vocational education in Korea will also be able to improve the unemployment rate by establishing a system that allows schools and businesses to conduct vocational education and training simultaneously. In particular, it was possible to judge the necessity of 'close consultation between labor, management, and government', which we consider the most important and should lead to in-depth discussion and cooperation for dual education between vocational schools and companies.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.163-179
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• 2015

The aim of this study is to investigate to which degree farmers did the crop switching and cultivar renewal as a confrontational strategy to climate change, and which problems they had in that process, and then to provide the supporting plans for them. We conducted a questionnaire survey of 15 citrus farmers of the KNCAP graduates in Jeju Island. Most of the survey respondents agreed to the climate change of Jeju Island and the subtropical climate of its coastal area. The farmers have experienced irregular weather such as abnormal high temperature, frequent rain, and droughts, resulting in the harmful insects and new weeds attack. As the climate change strategies, they are adopting a greenhouse culture system, improving a soil drainage using reorganization of planting space, making a new pest management program, and trying to switch a crop to subtropical fruits. It is expected that 50% of the survey respondents have changed their crops or will do; and 73 % of them have changed cultivar or have a plan to do. Only a few farmers directly pointed to a reason for their efforts to change the crops or to renew the cultivars as the anti-climate change strategy, however, most farmers answered the reason was to increase profitability by meeting their consumers' tastes. Presently, it is not the anti-climate change strategy but increase of profitability by meeting the consumers' needs the reason why most of the survey respondents have changed their crops or renewed the cultivars, while a few of them switched their crops to a subtropical fruit trees due to climate change. On the crop switching, they had some difficulties such as a labor shortage, availability of land, operating costs and instable income. On the cultivar renewal, also, they encountered the lack of cultivating techniques for new cultivars and the dim future for the new market. In long-term perspective, Jeju's farmers need new information and educational programs about the effect of climate change on agriculture of Jeju, and cultivation techniques for new crops and new cultivars.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.93-98
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• 2023

In paddy rice farming, water management is a critical task. To suppress weed emergence during the early stages of growth, fields are deeply flooded, and after transplantation, the water level is reduced to promote rooting and stimulate stem generation. Later, water is drained to prevent the production of sterile tillers. The adequacy of water supply is influenced by various factors such as field location, irrigation channels, soil conditions, and weather, requiring farmers to frequently check water levels and control the ingress and egress of water. This effort increases if the fields are scattered in remote locations. Automated irrigation systems have been considered to reduce labor and improve productivity. However, the net income from rice production in 2022 was about KRW 320,000/10a on average, making it financially unfeasible to implement high-cost devices or construct new infrastructure. This study focused on developing an IoT-Based irrigation valve that can be easily integrated into existing agricultural infrastructure without additional construction. The research was carried out in three main areas: Firstly, an irrigation valve was designed for quick and easy installation on existing agricultural pipes. Secondly, a power circuit was developed to connect a low-power Cat M1 communication modem with an Arduino Nano board for remote operation. Thirdly, a cloud-based platform was used to set up a server and database environment and create a web interface that users can easily access.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.11
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• pp.815-822
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• 2023

Organic pollution is one of the most common forms of water contamination. Under the Water Quality Conservation Act, indicators for measuring organic substances include BOD, COD, and TOC. Analysis of BOD and COD is labor-intensive, and in the case of organic substances where biological decomposition is not feasible or toxic substances are present, the accuracy is often low. Therefore, the Ministry of Environment is shifting towards TOC-centric management. With advancements in sensor technology today, various parameters can be monitored using sensors. In this study, digital monitoring of river TOC using a spectrophotometer called Spectro::lyser V3 was conducted. Initially, experiments were carried out at the Andong River Experiment Center to assess the applicability of the measurement equipment. Subsequently, data collected at the confluence of the Nakdong River was analyzed for the spatial distribution of TOC using the Kriging technique. This research proposes the utilization of sensors for river TOC monitoring and spatial distribution analysis. Real-time monitoring of changes in river TOC concentration can serve as fundamental data for pollution monitoring and response. Sensor-based river monitoring offers advantages in terms of temporal resolution and real-time data acquisition. When various spatial information interpretation methods are applied, it is expected to contribute to diverse studies such as aquatic ecological health, river water source selection, and stratification analysis in the future.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.30-39
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• 2023

Large dams, which are critical infrastructures for disaster prevention, are exposed to various risks such as aging, floods, and earthquakes. Better dam safety inspection and diagnosis using digital transformation technologies are needed. Traditional visual inspection methods by human inspectors have several limitations, including many inaccessible areas, danger of working at heights, and know-how based subjective inspections. In this study, drone photogrammetry was performed on two large dams to evaluate the applicability of digital data-based dam safety inspection and propose a data management methodology for continuous use. High-quality 3D digital models with GSD (ground sampling distance) within 2.5 cm/pixel were generated by flat double grid missions and manual photography methods, despite reservoir water surface and electromagnetic interferences, and severe altitude differences ranging from 42 m to 99.9 m of dam heights. Geometry profiles of the as-built conditions were easily extracted from the generated 3D mesh models, orthomosaic images, and digital surface models. The effectiveness of monitoring dam deformation by photogrammetry was confirmed. Cracks and deterioration of dam concrete structures, such as spillways and intake towers, were detected and visualized efficiently using the digital 3D models. This can be used for safe inspection of inaccessible areas and avoiding risky tasks at heights. Furthermore, a methodology for mapping the inspection result onto the 3D digital model and structuring a relational database for managing deterioration information history was proposed. As a result of measuring the labor and time required for safety inspection at the SYG Dam spillway, the drone photogrammetry method was found to have a 48% productivity improvement effect compared to the conventional manpower visual inspection method. The drone photogrammetry-based dam safety inspection is considered very effective in improving work productivity and data reliability.