• 제목/요약/키워드: Labels

검색결과 750건 처리시간 0.033초

식품표시에 대한 소비자 행동연구 (Analysis of Consumer Behavior on Using Food Label)

  • 이경희
    • 대한가정학회지
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    • 제34권5호
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    • pp.235-248
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    • 1996
  • The purpose of this study was to search for new food labeling system that would support effective consumer decision-making, by examining consumer behavior of food labels and its' related factors. The survey was conducted on 410 housewives under 60-year-old who live in Seoul or Metropolitan area, using questionnaires and the illustrated material of labels. Respondents generally considered food labels very important as devices. Among 12 items of label which are required to disclose, they evaluated circulation period, and nutritional information. Among 12 items of label, housewives read manufacture date, circulation period, and price more often than business admission number and self standard number. The respondents preferred the format of marking both manufacture date and expiration date on the same side, the format of printing both price and weight on the same side of package, the diagramatic type, and the format represented by ration graph per daily value.

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Integration of Multi-scale CAM and Attention for Weakly Supervised Defects Localization on Surface Defective Apple

  • Nguyen Bui Ngoc Han;Ju Hwan Lee;Jin Young Kim
    • 스마트미디어저널
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    • 제12권9호
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    • pp.45-59
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    • 2023
  • Weakly supervised object localization (WSOL) is a task of localizing an object in an image using only image-level labels. Previous studies have followed the conventional class activation mapping (CAM) pipeline. However, we reveal the current CAM approach suffers from problems which cause original CAM could not capture the complete defects features. This work utilizes a convolutional neural network (CNN) pretrained on image-level labels to generate class activation maps in a multi-scale manner to highlight discriminative regions. Additionally, a vision transformer (ViT) pretrained was treated to produce multi-head attention maps as an auxiliary detector. By integrating the CNN-based CAMs and attention maps, our approach localizes defective regions without requiring bounding box or pixel-level supervision during training. We evaluate our approach on a dataset of apple images with only image-level labels of defect categories. Experiments demonstrate our proposed method aligns with several Object Detection models performance, hold a promise for improving localization.

ARCS 동기유발 전략을 적용한 가정과 식품표시 수업이 중학생의 학습동기와 식품표시에 대한 인식 및 활용도에 미치는 효과 (The Effects of the Food Labeling Home Economics Instruction applying ARCS Motivation Teaching Strategy on Middle School Students' Learning Motivation, Recognition and Use of Food Labels)

  • 여수경;채정현
    • 한국가정과교육학회지
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    • 제23권1호
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    • pp.113-141
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    • 2011
  • 본 연구의 목적은 중학교 기술 가정 교과의 식품표시와 관련된 수업을 ARCS 동기유발전략을 적용하여 개발한 후 이 수업이 학습동기와 식품표시에 대한 인식과 활용에 효과를 주는지 검증하는데 있다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 ARCS 동기유발 전략을 적용한 식품표시 관련 가정과 수업의 교수 학습 과정안을 총 4차시 개발하였고, 사전-사후 실험설계를 사용하여, 실험집단 4학급은 ARCS 동기유발전략을 적용한 수업을, 비교집단 3학급은 강의식 수업을 적용하여 실험집단과 비교집단의 사전 점수와 사후 점수를 비교하였다. 불성실하게 응답한 7부를 제외한 203부를 대상으로 SPSS Win 12.0을 이용하여 공변량분석(ANCOVA)을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, ARCS 동기유발전략을 적용한 식품표시 관련 가정과 수업의 교수 학습 과정안과 학습자료, 교사용 참고자료를 4개의 학습주제(영양성분표시, 식품첨가물, 유전자조작과 방사선조사식품, 식품품질인증표시)별로 개발하였다. 둘째, 학습동기에 대한 실험에서 사전 학습동기를 통제한 공변량 분석을 실시한 결과, ARCS 동기유발수업을 받은 실험집단과 강의식 수업을 받은 비교집단의 학습동기와 동기유발요소(주의집중, 관련성, 자신감, 만족감) 모두에서 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 셋째, 사전 식품표시에 대한 인식을 통제한 공변량 분석을 실시한 결과, 사후 식품표시에 대한 인식 검사에서 식품표시에 대한 인식이 수업방법에 따라 실험집단과 비교집단 간에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 그리고 식품표시에 대한 인식 하위영역인 식품표시사항 이해도와 식품표시 실생활 도움 및 교육필요도에서도 모두 유의한 차이를 보였다. 넷째, 사전 식품표시 활용도를 통제한 공변량 분석을 실시한 결과, 식품표시 활용도에 대한 사후 식품표시 활용도는 수업방법에 따라 실험집단과 비교집단간에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 그리고 식품표시 활용도 하위영역인 식품표시사항 활용도와 식품선택시 활용도 모두에서도 유의한 차이를 보였다.

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Role of Tobacco Warning Labels in Informing Smokers about Risks of Smoking among Bus Drivers in Mangalore, India

  • Mallikarjun, Sajjanshetty;Rao, Ashwini;Rajesh, Gururaghavendran;Shenoy, Ramya;Mithun, Pai B.H.
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제15권19호
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    • pp.8265-8270
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    • 2014
  • Background: Smoking tobacco is considered as a leading cause of preventable death, mostly in developing countries like India. One of the primary goals of international tobacco control is to educate smokers about the risks associated with tobacco consumption. Tobacco warning labels (TWLs) on cigarette packages are one of the most common statutory means to communicate health risks of smoking to smokers, with the hope that once educated, they will be more likely to quit the habit. Materials and Methods: The present survey was conducted to assess the effectiveness of TWLs in communicating health risks of tobacco usage among 263 adult smokers working as bus drivers in Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC), Mangalore, India. Information was collected on demographic details, exposure and response to health warnings on tobacco products, intention to quit and nicotine dependency. Results: The majority (79.5%) of the respondents revealed negative intentions towards quitting smoking. Nearly half of the participants had a 'low' nicotine dependency (47.5%) and 98.1% of the respondents had often noticed warning labels on tobacco packages. These health warnings made 71.5% of the respondents think about quitting smoking. Respondents who noticed advertisement or pictures about dangers of smoking had better knowledge, with respect to lung cancer and impotence as a consequence of tobacco. A higher exposure to warning labels was significantly associated with lower nicotine dependency levels of smokers among the present study population. A significantly higher number of respondents who noticed advertisement or pictures about the dangers of smoking thought about the risks of smoking and were more inclined to think about quitting smoking. As exposure increased, an increase in the knowledge and response of participants was also observed. Conclusions: Exposure to tobacco warning labels helps to educate smokers about health risks of tobacco smoking. It may be possible to promote oral health among bus drivers by developing strategies to educate them about these risk factors.

Korean consumers' attitudes towards organic labels and country-of-origin of organic foods

  • Lee, Hye-Kyoung;Cho, Young-Sang
    • 유통과학연구
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.49-59
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    • 2011
  • Although the South Korean organic food market is in the infancy compared to other industrialized countries, Korean consumers'interest in organic food and retail stores devoting space to organic products have been rapidly increasing. Despite the fact of organic food popularity, the term "organic" is interpreted differently by individuals. As opposed to the US, Japan and the EU where have operated an integrated organic food labelling system, Korea has adopted complex organic labelling systems regulated by several different government bodies. As a result, complicated food labelling standards make consumers confused when purchasing organic foods. Furthermore, in terms of country of origin (COO), it is argued by a lot of researchers that COO effects vary from product to product and from country to country; moreover, other informational cues such as brand and price can influence COO effects. In modern society, COO labelling has been complicated, due to the sourcing, manufacturing and market locations of merchandise spread over the world. Accordingly, the evaluation of COO effects has become complex. In order to examine these issues, a quantitative research was selected to classify the commonfeatures of organic food consumers and construct statistics such as the extent to which people are aware of organic food and COO labellingvia a questionnaire which took place in two cities in Korea with a cluster sample of 161 organic food purchasers. As for the data analysis, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), T-tests, bivariate crosstatulations with Cramer's V were conducted,depending on the characteristics of variables and the assumptions the research data need to fit. It has been concluded that in general, Korean organic consumers comprehend the term "organic"in a closer way to the general concept rather than technical term, thus people do not appreciate environmentally labels which include organic food labels, although marital status influence the degree of label awareness, regardless of gender, age, education level and so on. Regarding COO effects on organic food, home organic products were Korean consumers'first choice over those from industrialized countries and developing nations. Specifically, in processed organic product category, domestically cultivated and processed organic products were absolutely preferred to leading national brands produced with imported ingredients and international brands. However, due to a lack of checks of ingredients' COO, consumers tend to purchase a leading national organic food brand, believing that it is a pure organic food sourced domestically. As a consequence, this research has suggested some important managerial implications and future research directions. In order to prevent consumer confusion when buying organic foods, it should be noted that consumers do not comprehend the organic food certifications, due to complicated labelling systems for organic produce and processed organic foods. Therefore, government bodies related to organic food distribution have to know consumers' perception of organic food labels and the significance of customer-oriented labels and reestablish labelling standards. Similarly, public advertising should be followed to raise public awareness of the labelling to enable customers to have the correct information. In addition, not only international marketers but also domestic marketers need to understand COO images and also the influence COO of ingredients has on the image of an organic product.

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식품표시에 대한 소비자의 인식 및 이용 실태 (Consumers의 Awareness and Utilization of Food Labels)

  • 김향숙;백수진;이경애
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제28권4호
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    • pp.948-953
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    • 1999
  • 소비자 중심적인 식품표시를 개발하기 위해 현행 식품 표시제도에 대한 소비자의 인식, 확인정도, 신뢰도 등을 설문조사를 통해 검토했다. 식품표시를 '법으로 규정하고 있다'고 답한 응답자는 조사대상자의 67.6%로서 법적 규정에 대한 인지도는 교육정도에 따라 유의적 차이를 나타내어, 학력이 높을수록 '법으로 규정하고 있다'고 답한 응답자의 비율이 높았다(p<0.001). 식품표시를 하는 이유로는 조사대상자의 47.5%가 '소비자에게 식품정보를 알리기 위해서'라고 응답했으며, 36.4%가 '식품의 위생척 취급을 위해서'라고 응답하여, 대부분의 응답자가 식품표시를 정보원으로 생각하고 있었다. 전업주부는 다른 직업 종사자에 비해 '식품의 위생적 취급을 위해서'라고 답한 응답자의 비율이 높게 나타나(p<0.01), 주부는 가족의 건강과 안전을 중요시함을 알 수 있었다. 식품을 구입할 때 표시를 확인하는 정도는 '확인하는 경우가 많다'는 응답 자가 48.9%, '반드시 확인한다'는 응당자가 38.9%로서 대부분이 식품표시를 확인하고 있었다. 식품표시를 확인하는 이유로는 대부분(61.5%)이 '안전성을 확인하기 위해서'라고 응답했으며, 식품을 구입할 때 가장 중요하게 고려하는 표시사항으로 유통기한(26.9%)과 제조연월일(25.4%)이라 응답하여 식품 구매시 식품의 안전성 확인에 큰 비중을 두고 있었다. 식품표시에 대한 신뢰정도는 '매우 신뢰한다' 1.6%, '대체로 신뢰한다' 83.7%로서 대부분의 응답자는 표시내용을 신뢰하고는 있으나 전적으로 신뢰하지 않고 있는 것으로 생각된다. 신뢰하지 않는 이유로는 표시내용과 다른 경우를 직.간접 경험했기 때문이라고 답한 응답자가 69.2%이었으며 제조업자에 대한 불신도 25%에 달하였다.

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실리카 베이스 무기 바인더 기반의 TiO2 코팅액의 제조 및 특성 평가 (Fabrication and characteristics of TiO2 coating solution with silica-based inorganic binder)

  • 강우규;김혜진;김진호;황광택;장건익
    • 한국결정성장학회지
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.71-76
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    • 2019
  • 자동화 시스템이 일반화되면서 제품 관리를 위한 라벨지(label)의 수요는 증가하고 있으며, 다양한 환경에서 사용할 수 있는 기능성 라벨지 개발이 빠르게 진행되고 있다. 인쇄회로기판의 경우 제작 과정에서 $300^{\circ}C$ 이상의 리플로우 솔더링 공정과 여러 차례의 세정 공정을 거치기 때문에 열적 화학적 안정성을 갖는 바코드 라벨지(barcode label)가 사용되고 있으나 황변(yellowing) 현상 발생으로 인한 인식률 저하의 문제가 발생하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 실리카 무기 바인더와 이산화티탄 백색안료를 사용한 복합 코팅층을 개발하고, 열적 화학적 안정성을 확보한 기능성 라벨지 연구를 진행하였다. 졸-겔 공정으로 제조한 실리카 무기 바인더는 기재(substrate)로 사용하는 폴리이미드 필름과 우수한 밀착성과 내마모성 특성을 갖는 것으로 확인하였다. 또한 이산화티탄 백색안료와 혼합하여 폴리이미드 필름에 백색의 코팅층을 제조할 수 있었으며, 복합 코팅층은 $400^{\circ}C$ 이상의 고온에서도 우수한 백색도와 광택도를 특성을 유지하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 산성(pH 1.6)과 염기성(pH 13.6) 세정제를 통한 화학 처리 후에도 백색도와 광택도 변화가 일어나지 않는 우수한 화학적 안정성을 확인하였다.

MPLS망에서의 DiffServ를 이용한 QoS 제공 방안 (Supporting QoS with DiffServ of MPLS Networks)

  • 김진무;박성진;이병호
    • 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전자공학회 2000년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집(1)
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    • pp.33-36
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    • 2000
  • Multi-protocol Label Switching is a comparatively new technology based on the association of labels with routes and the use of labels to forward packets. MPLS can be used for transport of any level 3 protocol over any level 2 technology. Differentiated Services define a model for implementing scalable differentiation of QoS in the Internet. The inherent characteristics of MPLS make it a very good candidate for providing Differentiated Services. In this paper we describe various approaches which can be used to support differentiated services in MPLS environments.

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K-ToBI (Korean ToBI) Labelling Conventions (Version 3.0)

  • Juo, Suo-Ah
    • 음성과학
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.143-169
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    • 2000
  • This chapter presents an overview of Korean intonational structure and proposes a revised version of K -ToBI (Korean TOnes and Break Indices), a prosodic transcription convention for Seoul Korean. In the new version of K-ToBI, a tone tier is separated into two tiers: a phonological tone tier and a phonetic tone tier. A phonological tone tier labels tones marking the prosodic structure of an utterance, and a phonetic tone tier labels individual tones of an AP and an IP conforming to the surface pitch contour. Labelling surface tonal patterns will provide us data to test the underlying tonal patterns and to build phonetic implementation rules.

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