• Toxicological Research
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.127-131
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• 1995

Sequential changes in cell proliferation during the development of epitherial kidney tumors induced in rats were investigated by autoradiographic determination of the $^3H$-thymidine-labeling index. Renal cell tumors were induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by oral administration of N-nitrosomorpholine at the concentration of 120 mg/l in the drinking water for 7 weeks. At different times between 12 and 34 weeks after withdrawal of the carcinogen (stop model) animals were sacrificed. According to cytological criteria, neoplastic lesions were classified into clear cell, acidophilic cell, basophilic cell and oncocytic tumors. The labeling index was found to be increased in all types of preneoplastic tubules as compared to their corresponding original tubules. A much stronger elevation of cell proliferation was ocurred during the development of renal cell tumors from preneoplastic tubules. Of four tumor types, acidophilic cell tumor showed the highest labeling index while oncocytoma exhibited the lowest proliferative activity. These findings are in good accordance with the clinical observations that acidophilic cell tumors have a worse prognosis than oncocytoma. The data presented in this study suggest that the individual proliferation rates may be an objective biological marker of kidney tumor aggressiveness.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2005

This study examined the effect of viable bifidobacteria and non-digestible carbohydrates on the cecal pH, colonic neoplastic lesion (aberrant crypt) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labeling index in carcinogen-treated mts. Animals received s.c. injection of dimethylhydrazine (DMH) (15 mg/kg body weight) twice 3 days apart. Three days after the second carcinogen administration, the treatments were begun. 1he treatments were basal diet (AIN-76) with skim milk (Basal/skim), or the following diets with daily gavage of $10^8$ bifidobacteria: basal (Basal/bifido), $2\%$ fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS/bifido), $2\%$ soybean oligosaccharide (SBO/bifido), $2\%$ wheat bran oligosaccharide (WBO/bifido) and $8.4\%$ wheat bran (WB/bifido). After 4 weeks of treatment, cecal pH was measured using a pH probe. The number of aberrant crypt (AC), aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and crypt multiplicity were enumerated and colonic PCNA labeling index was determined using immunohistochemistry. Cecal pH was significantly reduced in SBO/bifido and FOS/bifido groups compared to control group. However, there were no significant differences in either number of AC or rates of cell proliferation as shown by PCNA labeling index among the groups, although mts fed FOS/bifido reduced the numbers of ACF compared to Basal/skim group. The SBO/bifido group did not reduce the number of ACF or PCNA labeling index. Also, other oligosaccharides did not reduce the risk of colon cancer compared to control group. The concomitant reduction of cecal pH and number of ACF suggest that the combination of bifidobacteria and FOS may reduce the risk of colon cancer.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.323-327
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• 2006

본 연구는 국내 안경렌즈의 포장 표시사항에 관한 실태와 그의 신뢰성에 대하여 조사하였다. 실험에 사용한 Sample은 8개회사 총 396개의 안경렌즈를 사용하였으며. 굴절률은 각각 1.55~1.56, 1.60~1.61 그리고 1.67의 세 가지로 분류하였다. 표기율에서 A사와 B사는 80% 표기율을 나타내었으나, 2개 사는 각각 52.1%와 56.9%만의 표기율을 나타내었다. 포장표시 사항에 관해서 대부분의 회사들은 비교적 적은 표기율을 사용하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 기재된 굴절력과 측정값을 비교한 실험에서는 약간의 차이만을 나타내었다.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.645-651
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• 2020

The distinguishing number (index) D(G) (D'(G)) of a graph G is the least integer d such that G has an vertex labeling (edge labeling) with d labels that is preserved only by a trivial automorphism. The strong product G ☒ H of two graphs G and H is the graph with vertex set V (G) × V (H) and edge set {{(x1, x2),(y1, y2)}|xiyi ∈ E(Gi) or xi = yi for each 1 ≤ i ≤ 2.}. In this paper we study the distinguishing number and the distinguishing index of strong product of two graphs. We prove that for every k ≥ 2, the k-th strong power of a connected S-thin graph G has distinguishing index equal two.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.37-42
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• 1998

2-Bromopropane has been implicated to be the reason for the mass intoxication of workers at an electronic company in Korea. 2-Bromopropane deposition and pattern of DNA replication in mouse fetuses were analyzed after intravenous injection of 2-bromopropane. Injections were administered to pregnant ICR mice in order to cytogenetically evaluate transplacental 2-bromopropane. The results are summarized as follows; 1. A dose-dependent effect on DNA replication was observed equally in the lung, liver and kideneys of fetuses has been exposed to 2-bromopropane transplacentally as reductions of the labeling index. 2. Deposition of transplacentally administred 2-bromopropane in the fetus was lower than placenta.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.95-104
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• 1995

Mouse mammary epithelial cells(NMuMG) were maintained onto 6-well plates (3$\times$105 cells/well) or chambered slide (1$\times$104 cells/well), in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. After serum starvation for 24 hours, DMNB (1$\mu$M) was added and exposed to UV light (300nm, 3 second pulse) after 2 hours from DMNB addition in order to activate DMNB which induces a rapid transient increase in intracellular cAMP upon UV irradiation. EGF (100ng/ml) and/or IGF-I (10ng/ml) were treated at the time of UV irradiation. Nuclear labeling index was estimated as percent of nuclear labeled cells(percent of S phase of cells) by incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA(1 hour pulse with 1$\mu$Ci/ml). DMNB(1$\mu$M), EGF (100ng/ml) and/or IGF-I (10ng/ml) signifciantly increased nuclear labeling index than those of control (P<0.05). Addition of DMNB＋EGF or DMNB＋EGF＋IGF-I showed the interaction effect in nuclear labeling index (P<0.05). Protein kinase A activities by addition of EGF, IGF-I or EGF＋IGF-I were 10.5, 9.8 or 9.4 unit/mg protein, respectively, and no statistical difference was found in comparison with control (P>0.05). Additon of DMNB＋EGF showed the moderate interaction effect on tyrosyl kinase activity (P<0.1). In the fluorography analysis, there were no specific protein phosphorylation patterns were found at 1 or 15 minute by addition of DMNB. EGF and/or IGF-I. These results suggest that the interaction effect in nuclear labeling index by addition DMNB and EGF could be mediated through the modulation of tyrosyl kinase activity by cAMP.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제28권9C호
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• pp.860-867
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 방향 패턴 레이블링을 이용하여 지문 영상의 중심점을 검출하는 방법을 제안하였다. 중심점은 지문영상에서의 특이점들 중의 하나이며 대부분의 지문 인식 시스템에서 기준점으로 사용되고 있다. 중심점의 검출은 지문 인식 시스템에서 반드시 수행되어야할 중요한 단계로 전체 시스템의 성능에 큰 영향을 준다. 제안된 방법에서는 ridge의 분포로부터 얻어낸 방향 성분에 레이블링 방법과 중심점의 위치를 결정하는 알고리즘을 적용하여 중심점의 위치를 검출할 수 있었다. 모의 실험 결과 제안한 방법이 Poincare index와 Sine map 방법들에 비해 수행시간과 검출률 모두에서 좀더 나은 성능을 보임을 확인하였다. 특히 제안한 방법은 arch 형의 중심점 검출에 있어 Poincare index 방법의 낮은 검출률과 Sine map 방법의 긴 수행 시간이라는 단점들을 모두 극복하였다.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.234-239
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• 2014

This paper proposes a new automatic detection method to inspect mura defects on display film surface using morphological image processing and labeling. This automatic detection method for mura defects on display films comprises 3 phases of preprocessing with morphological image processing, Gabor filtering, and labeling. Since distorted results could be obtained with the presence of non-uniform illumination, preprocessing step reduces illumination components using morphological image processing. In Gabor filtering, mura images are created with binary coded mura components using Gabor filters. Subsequently, labeling is a final phase of finding the mura defect area using the difference between large mura defects and values in the periphery. To evaluate the accuracy of the proposed detection method, detection rate was assessed by applying the method in 200 display film samples. As a result, the detection rate was high at about 95.5%. Moreover, the study was able to acquire reliable results using the Semu index for luminance mura in image quality inspection.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 genomic DNA 전기영동과 TUNEL labeling법을 이용하여 정상대장조직, 대장암조직, 대장암 인접림프절조직과 대장암환자 혈액에서 apoptosis 발현을 분석하였다. 정상대장조직 37례중 4례에서, DNA ladder가 확인되었고, 암조직은 47례중 20례에서, 림프절조직은 15례중 5례에서 나타났으며 대장암환자혈액은 7례 모두에서 발현되지 않았다. TUNEL labeling법을 이용한 조직상의 in situ apoptosis발현은 암조직과 림프절조직에서 확인되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 대장암이 진행됨에 따라 apoptosis 발현비가 증가되었으므로 apoptotic index가 대장암 발현과 관련되어 있는 듯 하며 예후예측지표자로서 이용될 가능성이 있다고 사료된다.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.367-377
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• 2024

Let G = (V, E) be a graph with p-vertices and q-edges and let R^◦ be a finite zero ring of order n. An injective function f : V (G) → {r₁, r₂, _…, r_k}, where r_i ∈ R^◦ is called vertex pair sum k-zero ring labeling, if it is possible to label the vertices x ∈ V with distinct labels from R^◦ such that each edge e = uv is labeled with f(e = uv) = [f(u) + f(v)] (mod n) and the edge labels are distinct. A graph admits such labeling is called vertex pair sum k-zero ring graph. The minimum value of positive integer k for a graph G which admits a vertex pair sum k-zero ring labeling is called the vertex pair sum k-zero ring index denoted by 𝜓_pz(G). In this paper, we defined the vertex pair sum k-zero ring labeling and applied to some graphs.