• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2005

The purpose of this study were to compare the differences of isometric lumber extension strength and subjective pain degrees between obesity patients group and normal body fat group in disc surgical operated patients. The research purposed to indicate how isometric lumbar extension exercise for 12 weeks affected to lumbar strength and visual analogue scale of patients suffered by chronic back pain. The subjects were 65 low back pain patients(male 30, female 35)who had disease on lumbar in W hospital. The lumbar extension strength was measured at seven degrees of angles, which were $0^{\circ}$ $12^{\circ}$ $24^{\circ}$ $36^{\circ}$ $48^{\circ}$ $60^{\circ}$ and $72^{\circ}$ before and after the exercise program. We got the results of subjective pain degree using the modified visual analogue scale(VAS) of Lawlis et al(1989) and measured the maximal isometric lumbar strength of all subjects using MedX lumbar extension machine. Results were as follows; After the exercise, the lumbar extension strength of normal body fat patients groups included males and female were greater than that of the obesity patients groups in all angles(p<.05). The visual analogue scale of chronic back pain patients was decreased significantly after the exercise(p<.05). The results showed the significance between the lumbar extension strength and the visual analogue scale of chronic back pain patients and showed that the isometric lumbar extension exercise decreased the subjective pain degrees of visual analogue scale with and increased lumbar extension strength. The correlation between the visual analogue scale and the %body fat of chronic back pain patients was no significant after exercise. Therefore, the lumbar extension strength exercise is needed for improvement of back strength, decrease of %body fat.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.33-42
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to compare the onset times of muscle activities and the order of muscle firing in hamstring gluteus maximus, and lumbar erector spinae muscle during active hip extension between subjects with low back pain (LBP) and healthy subjects. Thirty subjects, 15 with LBP and 15 healthy subjects, participated in this study. Electromyographic activity was recorded during active hip extension in prone and standing position. Relative onset times of these muscle activities were determined. Similar muscle firing order in hamstring, gluteus maximus, and lumbar erector spinae muscle showed in both groups and positions. However, the onset time of gluteus maximus was significantly later in prone and standing active hip extension in subjects with LBP than in healthy subjects. The onset time of lumber erector spinae muscle activity was significantly delayed in subjects with LBP in standing active hip extension, The delayed onset times of gluteus maximus and lumbar erector spinae muscles' activities were probably related to LBP. Further studies are needed to identify whether the delayed onset times of gluteus maximus and lumbar erector spinae muscle activities are the contributing factors to LBP.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.155-164
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• 2007

This study is aimed at determining the effects of rehabilitation training on lumbar extension strength and relief of back pain in middle-aged women of low back pain. Twenty-nine subjects(total 29 people; CLBP 16, HLD 13) were trained twice per week for eight weeks and completed a maximum isometric test at various flexion angle(the degree of $0^{\circ}$, $12^{\circ}$, $24^{\circ}$, $36^{\icrc}$, $48^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $72^{\circ}$) by lumbar extension machine. The result showed that. 1. Patient group of CLBP were increased the maximum lumbar extension strength at a range of 7 flexion angles after rehabilitation rather than no rehabilitation(on the average 60.75%). The operated patient group in HLD also showed an increase of 56.55%. In view of these cases, all of two groups showed a significant increase of muscle strength(p<.05). But there is no difference between pre-exercise and post-exercise groups. 2. Patient group of CLBP were increased higher rate than 41% for maximum lumbar extension strength(91.79% at $0^{\circ}$, 79.41% at $12^{\circ}$, 65.89% at $24^{\circ}$) at all angles after 8 weeks training. Both groups indicated a significant increase(p<.05) of lumbar extension strength at all degrees. There is no difference between pre-exercise and post-exercise groups. 3. Relief of back pain in Patient group of CLBP showed a decrease of average 105.2% and patient group of HLD indicated a decrease of average 64.57% two groups showed a significant reduction (p<.05, p<.05). But in case of a decrease of pain, CLBP group got 3.44 points and HLD group got 4.77 points. In view of these results, two groups showed remarkable reduction of back pain, however HLD group had residual pain relatively.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2007

This study is that the elderly female patients having low back pain(34 people) show a change of stabilization ratio after isotonic rehabilitation of 4 types(before exercise, after 4weeks, 8weeks, 12weeks). Under the cover of lumbar extension machine, isometric extension strength and stabilization ratio is measured and analyzed at some flexion angles(the degree of $0^{\circ}$, $12^{\circ}$, $24^{\circ}$, $36^{\circ}$, $48^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $72^{\circ}$). The conclusion is as follows. 1. The maximum lumbar extension strength at a range of 7 angles have an increase of 73.92% in case of 12weeks isotonic exercise(p<.001). 2. After 12weeks exercise, the lumbar flexion angle maximum extension strength, have an higher increase than 54% on the average at all angles(p<.001). These statistically show a meaningful increase of muscular strength. 3. After 12weeks isotonic exercise, the lumbar stabilization ratio have a decrease of 50.27% at a statistically meaningful level(p<.001). In case of 12weeks exercise comparing with 8weeks, the stabilization ratio decrease at the level of 1.85 versus 1. This figure is similar to that of a normal person. In view of this study, 12weeks exercise for the elderly female patients having low back pain has much influence on the change of lumbar stabilization ratio and this is the scientifically verified result of a long term exercise.

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.119-127
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• 2003

Objective : We found out improvement at low back pain and lumber strength by isotonic lumbar extension training on lumbar strength and self low back exercise stretching program. Methods : We evaluated the symptom's changes VAS(Visual Analogue Scale) and lumbar strength by Medx which could estimate and exercise lumbar muscle. Conclusions: We can decrease low back pain by strengthening lumbar muscle, in additionally when patients are In admission state we may improve lumbar muscle more than Opd. state.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.195-203
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• 2006

The isometric rehabilitation program was applied to 47 people of the aged low back patients(man 22 people, woman 25 people) twice a week for 8weeks. The Medx was used to study an effect on a change for extended strength ratio(ESR) according to a posture change. The isometric ESR at each flexion angle ($0^{\circ}$, $12^{\circ}$, $24^{\circ}$, $36^{\circ}$, $48^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $72^{\circ})$ was measured total 3times("before excercise", "on 4th week after excercise", "8th week after excercise") and analyzed. So, we could come to a conclusion as follows. 1. The maximum extended strength measured at a range of 7 angles for an isometric excercise of 8 weeks increased than "before an excercise", including that men have an increase of 39.51% and women have 62.92% in training effect. All of men and women showed statistically significant increase in physical strength(p<.001).excercise") and analyzed. So, we could come to a conclusion as follows. 2. After an excercise of 8 weeks, man showed 62.17% at zero degree and 49.115% at 12 degree respectively in maximum extended strength. Women showed 106.6% at zero degree and 86.16% at 12 degree. In view of this, respectively man have increase rate of physical strength over 31% and women have over 46% at all angles, also have significant increase in extension angle(p<.001). 3. A change for isometric ESR have a decrease of 27.68% for men and 74.66% for women than before isometric excercise of 8 weeks statistically significantly(p<.05, p<.00l). Men showed 1.77:1 of a similar ratio in the decrease effect comparing with normal people, but women showed 225:1.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.413-422
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• 2021

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate changes in the cervical and lumbar flexion-relaxation ratio, range of motion, pressure pain threshold, and perceived comfort following the wearing of a trunk brace during smartphone watching. Methods: To calculate the number of subjects for this study, an analysis with G^*Power was performed at a statistical power of 0.8, an effect size of 0.5, and a significance level of 0.05, based on the results of a preliminary experiment on five subjects. In total, 27 adult men and women were recruited who had been informed of the study's purpose and process and had agreed to participate. All subjects watched content on a smartphone for 20 minutes in the same posture and conditions while wearing and not wearing a trunk brace, and then their cervical and lumbar flexion-relaxation ratio, range of motion, pressure pain threshold, and perceived comfort were measured. Results: Compared to the non-wearing of a trunk brace, the wearing of a trunk brace resulted in a statistically significant smaller decline in cervical extension and right-side cervical rotation (p<0.05). When the subjects wore a trunk brace, their right- and left-side cervical and right-side lumbar pressure pain statistically significantly improved when compared to not wearing a trunk brace (p<0.05). They also perceived a significantly lowered level of comfort 20 minutes after wearing a trunk brace compared to immediately after wearing it (p<0.05). Conclusion: The trunk brace was effective in reducing declines in right-side cervical rotation and the occurrence of left- and right-side cervical and right-side lumbar pressure pain. The findings indicate the need to improve the perceived comfort of trunk braces.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.343-351
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects in the muscle function following 8-week dead-lift training with Whole-body Vibration(WBV) in rehabilitation for sports players. Method : Twenty young sports players. Each subjects were randomly assigned to a resistance training with Whole-body vibration group(TG, n=10), a resistance training without Whole-body vibration group(CG, N=10). The measurements which physical fitness test and joint torque test were performed before the randomization and after the 4-week and 8-week. The WBV group performed the dynamic Dead-lift exercise on a vibration platform during one minute. The CG group performed the equal training without vibration. The WBV and CON group repeated 5 set and trained two times weekly for 8-weeks. Paired t-test was used to test for differences between the groups at baseline and after 4-weeks and 8-Weeks. And independent t-test was used to test for differences between the groups at TG and CG. All analyses were executed using SPSS software 18.0. The level of significance was set at p<.050. Results : Following the 8-Weeks training sessions, an increase in the back-muscle strength was found to be greater for the TG compared with the CG group(p<.05). Muscle endurance was significantly decreased after training than before training only for the CG(p<.05). Isometric Hip/Lumber Extension/Flextion measurement was found to be significantly greater for the TG compared with the CG group(p<.05). The finding indicates that WBV effects as an efficient training stimulus to enhance muscle function by facilitating neural control trail. Following muscle activation in motor unit synchronization of the co-contraction of the muscles. Conclusion : The results imply that the WBV training may have enhanced muscle function in rehabilitation for sports players.