• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

Objectives: This research was performed to investigate the effect of invasive low level laser acupuncture therapy(LLLAT) at Yolgyol(LU7), Yogu(LR5) and Yolgyol+Yogu(LU7+LR5) on weight gain, food intake, food efficiency, lipid metabolism, atherogenic index, HTR(HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol ratio) and liver function in hyperlipidemia rats. Methods : Experimental groups were divided into high fat diet group(Control group), high fat diet and LLLAT at LU7(LU7 group), high fat diet and LLLAT at LR5(LR5 group), LLLAT at LU7 and LR5(LU7+LR5 group). Animals was treated by the LLLAT at 30mW-5min once a 2day during 5 weeks. Results: Body weight was decreased significantly in LU7+LR5 group when compared with control group. Food intake was increased significantly in LU7, LR5, LU7+LR5 group when compared with control group. Food efficiency was decreased significantly in LU7, LR5, LU7+LR5 group when compared with control group. In the lipid metabolism, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol was decreased significantly in LU7+LR5 group, LDL-cholesterol and phospholipids were decreased significantly in LR5, LU7+LR5 group, triglyceride and fee fatty acid were decreased significantly in LU7 group when compared with control group. Atherogenic index was decreased significantly in LU7, LR5, LU7+LR5 group when compared with control group. HTR was increased significantly in LU7 group when compared with conool group. In the liver function, the significance was not showed in AST and ALT, ALP was decreased significantly in LU7+LR5 group when compared with control group. Conclusions: LLLAT at LU7 and LR5 maybe can manage hyperlipidemia by controlling body weight, food intake, food efficiency ratio and lipid metabolism.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.43-50
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• 2024

Objectives : Samanhyeol is a combination of acupoints located in the cubital and popliteal fossa. It is commonly used in clinical practice to treat acute illnesses such as summerheat stroke, vomiting, diarrhea, and hemorrhagic diseases. There are two types of Samanhyeol in literature: BL40 and LU5, and BL40 and PC3. We investigated which acupoint is representative of Samanhyeol, and more closely fits the definition of Samanhyeol between LU5 and PC3. Methods : We searched for literature related to Samanhyeol, compared the anatomical locations of LU5, PC3, and BL40, examined their indications associated with the effectiveness of Samanhyeol, and checked cases in the literature where LU5 or PC3 was used concurrently with BL40. Results : BL40, one of the Samanhyeol, has been used to treat summerheat stroke, vomiting, diarrhea, and epistaxis in acupuncture texts, and there are many references in the literature to BL40 being used for bloodletting. And BL40 is located in the midpoint of the traverse crease of the popliteal fossa. From this perspective, LU5 may be a more suitable than PC3 because it is located in the midpoint of the cubital crease. However, Samanhyeol is a combination of acupoints used to treat heat stroke, vomiting and diarrhea, and hemorrhagic diseases. Upon analyzing the literature, it was found that LU5 and PC3 have similar efficacy. However, PC3 was used more frequently in cases of severe fever, unconsciousness or syncope. Conclusions : Literature suggests that BL40 is the representative acupoint for Samanhyeol. And PC3 is more appropriate than LU5 for Samanhyeol because its effects are more stronger on heat stroke although both LU5 and PC3 can treat symptoms related to Samanhyeol.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.463-467
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• 2016

$Si^{4+}-N^{3-}$ was incorporated into $Ce^{3+}-doped$ lutetium aluminum garnet ($Lu_{2.965}Ce_{0.035}Al_5O_{12}$, $LuAG:Ce^{3+}$) lattices, resulting in the formation of $Lu_{2.965}Ce_{0.035}Al_{5-x}Si_xO_{12-x}N_x$ [(Lu,Ce)AG:xSN]. For x = 0-0.25, the synthesized powders consisted of the LuAG single phase, and the lattice constant decreased owing to the smaller $Si^{4+}$ ions. However, for x > 0.25, a small amount of unknown impurity phases was observed, and the lattice constant increased. Under 450 nm excitation, the PL spectrum of $LuAG:Ce^{3+}$ exhibited the green band, peaking at 505 nm. The incorporation of $Si^{4+}-N^{3-}$ into the $Al^{3+}-O^{2-}$ sites of $LuAG:Ce^{3+}$ led to a red-shift of the emission peak wavelength from 505 to 570 nm with increasing x. Corresponding CIE chromaticity coordinates varied from the green to yellow regions. These behaviors were discussed based on the modification of the $5d^1$ split levels and crystal field surroundings of $Ce^{3+}$, which arose from the Ce-(O,N)8 bonds.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.7-19
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• 2010

'Lu' is one of the Korean traditional building structure. The architectural characteristics of the 'Lu' can be classified two types with its use. One is single building type and the other is a part of building type within building complex. This study is about the two-storied 'Lu' that was built on part of building complex. 'Lu' built in building complex such like Sa-chal, Hyang-gyo, Seo-won, Jae-sil, has the similar characters. 1. It is built by taking slope site. 2. Ii is one of four buildings that forms court yard. 3. It uses simple building structure on the purpose of openness 4. It can control view with using window. The column type of 'Lu' can be classified with 3 style. These are $5{\times}2$ Kan style, $3{\times}2$ Kan style and $5{\times}3$ Kan style. It would be assumed with the result of study that $5{\times}2$ Kan style has its origin in Hoe-Rang structure, $3{\times}2$ Kan style is originated from Joong-Moon(middle gate) structure, and $5{\times}3$ Kan is originated from Kang-Dang structure.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.51-56
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• 2019

LuAG:Ce(Lu₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺) nano phosphor were synthesized by applying the coprecipitation method. It is used to increase the color rendering of phosphor ceramic plate for high power LEDs and laser lighting. Internal quantum efficiency and absorption of LuAG:Ce nano phosphor are 51.5 % and 64.4 %, respectively, which is higher than the previously studied nano phosphors. The maximum absorption wavelength of this phosphor is 450 nm blue light, and the emission wavelength is 510 nm. The emission wavelength shifted to longer wavelength when the concentration of Ce increased in the heat treatment of the reducing atmosphere. Thermal quenching of LuAG nano phosphor was 70 % at 200 ℃, it was explained by their significant quenching of all raman scattering modes, implying the restriction of electron-phonon couplings caused by their defects.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.113-129
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• 2007

Objectives : This research was performed to investigate the effect of acupuncture using invasive low level laser therapy (LLLT) at Yolgyol (LU7) + Yogu (LR5) on weight gain, food intake, food efficiency, lipid metabolism, atherogenic index, HTR (HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol ratio) and morphological change of hepatic tissue in hyperlipdemia rats. Methods : Experimental groups were divided into high fat diet group (Control group), high fat diet and acupuncture therapy group at LU7 + LR5 (AT group), high fat diet and acupuncture group using 10 mW LLLT at LU7 +LR5 (LA10 group), high fat diet and acupuncture group using 20 mW LLLT at LU7+LR5(LA20 group), high fat diet and acupuncture group using 60 mW LLLT at LU7 + LR5 (LA60 group), once per 3 days during 9 weeks. Results : Body weight was decreased significantly in AT and LA20 groups compared with Control group. Food intake was increased significantly in LA60 group compared with Control group. Food efficiency was decreased significantly in LA10, LA20 and LA60 groups compared with control group. In the lipid metabolism, total cholesterol was decreased significantly in AT, LA10, LA20 and LA60 groups, triglyceride was decreased significantly in LA10, LA20 and LA60 groups, TG/HDL-cholesterol ratio was decreased significantly in LA 60 group compared with control group. In the morphological change, hepatic tissue were not showed balloning degeneration and irregular arrangement of hepatic cell in LA10 and LA20 groups with control group. Conclusions : Acupuncture using LLLT at LU7+LR5 can manage hyperlipemia by controlling body weight, food intake, food efficiency ratio and lipid metabolism.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.559-566
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• 2019

$Lu(Nb,Ta)O_4:Eu^{3+}$ powders are synthesized by a solid-state reaction process using LiCl and $Li_2SO_4$ fluxes. The photoluminescence (PL) excitation spectra of the synthesized powders consist of broad bands at approximately 270 nm and sharp peaks in the near ultraviolet region, which are assigned to the $Nb^{5+}-O^{2-}$ charge transfer of $[NbO_4]^{3-}$ niobates and the f-f transition of $Eu^{3+}$, respectively. The PL emission spectra exhibit red peaks assigned to the $^5D_0{\rightarrow}^7F_J$ transitions of $Eu^{3+}$. The strongest peak is obtained at 614 nm ($^5D_0{\rightarrow}^7F_2$), indicating that the $Eu^{3+}$ ions are incorporated into the $Lu^{3+}$ asymmetric sites. The addition of fluxes causes the increase in emission intensity, and $Li_2SO_4$ flux is more effective for enhancement in emission intensity than is LiCl flux. The substitution of $Ta^{5+}$ for $Nb^{5+}$ results in an increase or decrease in the emission intensity of $LuNb_{1-x}Ta_xO_4:Eu^{3+}$ powders, depending on amount and kind of flux. The findings are explained using particle morphology, modification of the $[NbO_4]^{3-}$ structure, formation of substructure of $LuTaO_4$, and change in the crystal field surrounding the $Eu^{3+}$ ions.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2006

Objectives : This research was performed to investigate the effect of invasive low level laser acupuncture therapy(LLLAT) at Yolgyol+yogu(LU7+LR5) on weight gain, food intake, food efficiency, lipid metabolism and liver function in hyperlipemia rats. Methods : Experimental groups were divided into high fat diet cup(Control group), high fat diet and 15 mW/5 min LLLAT at LU7+LR5(15 mW/5 min group), 15 mW/10 min LLLAT at LU7+LR5(15 mW/10 min group), 30 mW/5 min LLLAT at LU7+LRS(30 mW/5 min group), 30 mW/10 min LLLAT at LU7+LR5(30 mW/10 min group). LLLAT was treated at the 15,30mW-5,10min once a 2day during 5 weeks. Results : Body weight was decreased significantly in 30 mW/s min group and 30 mW/10 min group compared with control group. Food intake was decreased significantly in 15 mW/5 min group and 15 mW/10 min group compared with control group. Food efficiency was decreased significantly in 30 mW/10 min group compared with control group. In the lipid metabolism, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and free fatty acid were increased significantly in 15 mW/5 min group and 30 mW/10 min group compared with control group. LDL-cholesterol was increased in 30 mW/10 min group and phospholipids was decreased significantly in all experimental group compared with control group. triglyceride was not showed significant result in all experimental group. In the liver function, AST was not showed significant result in all experimental group, ALT and ALP were increased significantly in 30 mW/10 min group, ALP was decreased in 30 mW/5 min group compared with control group. Conclusions : LLLAT at LU7 and LR5 can manage hyperlipemia by controlling body weight, food intake, food efficiency ratio and lipid metabolism.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.508-513
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• 2009

Friction is an important factor for precise position tracking control of servo systems. Servo systems with highly nonlinear friction are sensitive to the variation of operating condition. To overcome this problem, we use the LuGre friction model which can consider dynamic characteristics of friction. The LuGre friction model is used as a feed-forward compensator to improve tracking performance of servo systems. The parameters of the LuGre friction model are identified through experiments. The experimental result shows that the tracking performance of servo systems with higherly nonlinear friction can be improved by using feed-forward friction compensation.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.188-199
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was performed to find the desirable remaining time of needle in the acupuncture treatment. Methods : The 21 volunteers were given acupuncture at LU9 vertically and needles were remained for 2 min, 10 min, 15 min, 30 min, respectively. The thermographic change induced by acupuncture was measured with Digital Infrared Thermographic Image at the following acupoints: LU11, LU10, LU9, LU8, LU5, LU1, and PC7. The statistical significance of thermographic change was evaluated using paired t-test and post hoc Wilcoxon test. Results : The most significant changes after acupuncture were produced when needles were remained for 10 min or 15 min. LU11, LU5, LU1, and PC7 were the point at which all of the remaining time produced significant change commonly. At LU11, the biggest change was produced when needle was remained for 15 min, while at LU5, LU1, and PC7, the biggest change was produced when needle was remained for 30 min, and the smallest change was produced when needle was remained for 10 min at all of acupoints of LU11, LU5, LU1, and PC7. The unbalance between left side and right was decreased the most largely in 15 min group. Conclusions : The results of this study suggest that the desirable remaining time of acupuncture needle might be 15 min.