• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.837-844
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was done to identify fat distribution and blood pressure according to anthropometric change patterns between NIDDM patients and control subjects. Methods: Cross-sectionally 167 NIDDM patients and 87 controls were studied. Previous maximal body weight and acute weight loss was obtained. Current height, body weight, BMI, waist-hip ratio(WHR), skinfold thicknesses(abdomen, subscapular & triceps), and blood pressure was measured. Three anthropometric change patterns were categorized by BMI changes from the maximum lifetim's BMI to the current time (obese-obese, obese-nonobese and nonobese-nonobese: obese: BMI$\geq$25kg/m$^2$, nonobese: BMI<25kg/m$^2$). The data was analyzed by $X^2$, t-test, age adjusted ANCOVA and Least Squares Means(LSM) for multiple comparison. Result: Acute body weight loss(p=0.01), anthropometric change types (p=0.001), WHR (p=0.05), and skinfold thickness (p=0.002) of NIDDM were significantly higher than those of the controls. The mean arterial pressure, WHR and skinfold thicknesses were greater in both obese-obese and obese-nonobese NIDDM and control subjects compared with both nonobese-nonobese NIDDM and control subjects. (all p's<0.05). Conclusion: NIDDM patients had more central and upper body adiposicity. Also both obese-obese and obese-nonobese NIDDM and control subjects had higher mean arterial pressures and central body obesity.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2011

Domestic leading construction companies has been establishing and performing TACT scheduling method, similar to linear scheduling model such as line of balance and repetitive schedule, and etc. in which repetitive construction works are involved like high-rise building. Linear scheduling model has been researched as a visual scheduling method presenting the work space and time information. Likewise scheduling constraints of CPM network such as finish-to-finish, start-to-start, finish-to-start, start-to-start, linear scheduling model also has the relationships constraints, namely boundary conditions, between activities. It is especially necessary to define the boundary conditions of the activities' relationships in order to apply the linear scheduling model to be compatible with the network schedule. Therefore, this research considers the boundary conditions between activities for establishing the linear scheduling model. This paper also applies the proposed boundary conditions to TACT schedule and then deduces the main considerations in order to establish and perform TACT schedule.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 2005

In this study, we introduce a new category of fuzzy inference systems based on information granulation to carry out the model identification of complex and nonlinear systems. Informally speaking, information granules are viewed as linked collections of objects (data, in particular) drawn together by the criteria of proximity, similarity, or functionality Granulation of information with the aid of Hard C-Means (HCM) clustering help determine the initial parameters of fuzzy model such as the initial apexes of the membership functions and the initial values of polynomial functions being used in the premise and consequence part of the fuzzy rules. And the initial parameters are tuned effectively with the aid of the genetic algorithms(GAs) and the least square method (LSM). An aggregate objective function with a weighting factor is also used in order to achieve a balance between performance of the fuzzy model. The proposed model is evaluated with using a numerical example and is contrasted with the performance of conventional fuzzy models in the literature.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.26-38
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• 2010

Degradation in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell performance can be ascribed to the following fundamental processes from the materials chemical point of view; that is, diffusion in solids and reaction with gaseous impurities. For SOFC materials, diffusion in solids is usually slow in operation temperatures $800\sim1000^{\circ}C$. Even at $800^{\circ}C$, however, a few processes are rapid enough to lead to some degradations; namely, Sr diffusion in doped ceria, cation diffusion in cathode materials, diffusion related with metal corrosion, and sintering of nickel anodes. For gaseous impurities, chromium containing vapors are important to know how the chemical stability of cathode materials is related with degradation of performance. For LSM as the most stable cathode among the perovskite-type cathodes, electrochemical reduction reaction of $CrO_3$(g) at the electrochemically active sites is crucial, whereas the rest of the cathodes have the $SrCrO_4$ formation at the point where cathodes meet with the gases, leading to rather complicated processes to the degradations, depending on the amount and distribution of reacted Cr component. These features can be easily generalized to other impurities in air or to the reaction of nickel anodes with gaseous impurities in anode atmosphere.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.487-494
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• 2019

Recently, interest in and use of drones is increasing. In this study, to provide accurate wind prediction at ultra low altitudes of 150 meters or below, the sensitivity of the physical process parameterization and initial conditions was assessed to select the optimal physical process and initial conditions. For this purpose, GFS and LDAPS data were used as initial and boundary conditions, and 7 experiments were constructed using a combination of PBL schemes such as YSU, RUC, ACM2, and LSM such as Noah, RUC, and Pleim. The experiment conducted for 1 month in April 2018. As a result, the RUC-YSU physical process combination using the GFS initial data showed the best performance. This study is meaningful in establishing an optimal modeling method for ultra low altitude wind prediction through experiments using different initial conditions and combination of physical processes.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.88-96
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• 2011

Schedule control is an exceedingly fundamental and important construction business function. Even though enormous research efforts have been exerted in this area, there has been no comprehensive and quantitative study exploring detailed cost control practice of construction companies in terms of practical patterns and trends. In this context, this paper surveyed the patterns and trends of schedule control practice of Korean general contractors. Schedule control process as compared to schedule reduction is focused in this paper. The variables for practical schedule control process were identified first. A survey questionnaire was then developed and used in order to collect data from Korean general contractors. Survey results analyzing responses from 45 companies show that scheduling processes in practice have been significantly enhanced in terms of software tools, manuals, and capabilities of engineers.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.131-142
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• 1994

This paper analyzes the properties of such algorithm that corresponds to the nonlinear adaptive algorithm with additional update terns, parameterized by the scalar factors ${\alpha}1,\;and\;{\alpha}2$. The analysis of concergence leads to eigenvalues of the transition matrix for the mean filter coefficient vector. Regions in which the algorithm becomes stable are demonstrated. The time constant is derived and the computational complexity of the QFG algorithm is compared with those of the conventional LMS. sign, and LFG algorithm. The properties of convergence in the mean square error is derived and the neccessary condition for the CFG algorithm to be stable is attaned. In the computer simulation a channel equalization is utilized to demonstrate the performance feature of the QFG algorithm. The QFG algorithm has the more computational complexities but the faster convergence speed than LMS and LFG algorithm. Since the QFG algorithm has smoother convergence, it may be useful in case where error bursting is a problem.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.626-630
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• 2012

The properties of SOFC unit cells manufactured using the decalcomania method were investigated. SOFC unit cell manufacturing using the decalcomania method is a very simple process. In order to minimize the ohmic loss of flattened tube type anode supports of solid oxide fuel cells(SOFC), the cells were fabricated by producing an anode function layer, YSZ electrolyte, LSM electrode, etc., on the supports and laminating them. The influence of these materials on the power output characteristics was studied when laminating the components and laminating the anode function layer between the anode and the electrolyte to improve the output characteristics. Regarding the performance of the SOFC unit cell, the output was 246 $mW/cm^2$ at a temperature of $800^{\circ}C$ in the case of not laminating the anode function layer; however, this value was improved by a factor of two to 574 $mW/cm^2$ due to the decrease of the ohmic resistance and polarization resistance of the cell in the case of laminating the anode function layer. The outputs appeared to be as high as 574 and 246 $mW/cm^2$ at a temperature of $800^{\circ}C$ in the case of using decalcomania paper when laminating the electrolyte layer using the in dip-coating method; however, the reason for this is that interfacial adhesion was improved due to the dense structure, which leads to a thin thickness of the electrolyte layer.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.21-24
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• 2005

This work is to present each properties and the interfacial characterization between PZT layer and LSMO layer of PZT/LSMO/Pt. LSMO thin film grown by KrF(248 nm) excimer lasers are used in pulsed in pulsed laser deposition(PLD). PZT coposites thin films were deposited by spin coating using a commercial resist spinner. LSMO thin film by deposition oxygen pressure 125 mtorr have rhombohedral structure on Pt(111) substrate. The PZT/LSM/Pt pre-orientate to [111] direction. The final thin films were shown that magnetic and electric property was typical value, respective. We report that the lattice between the PZT/LSMO thin film and the substrate plays a very important role and may control to another effects.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.20 no.1 s.32
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• pp.228-238
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• 2007

Objectives ; Sasang Constitional Medicine is a part of Korean traditional Medicine, and classify human constitution into four types. Scalp and hair is a part of skin. Skin is one of constitutional charasteristic element. So we researched a correlation between Sasang constitutions and Korean adult scalp and hair condition. This is a basic study to find constitution can be a important factor to care scalp and hair. Methods ; We examined Sasang constitutions and scalp and hair condition of 80 human who aged from 20-50. Scalp disease, dandruff was observed by video micro scope and sebum tape diagnosis. Thickness of hair was measured by Laser Scan Micrometer(LSM-3100). Itching sense and life habit was also investigated. Constitution diagnosis and scalp, hair diagnosis was investigated seperately as a blind test and the data was statistically analyzed with chi-square test, correlation analysis, one-way analysis of varience. Results ; 1. In Sasang Constitution, Taeumin group had significant tendency of oilily scalp. 70% of Taeumin group had oilily scalp. 2. The group of dry or oilily scalp had more itching sense and more sensativity of scalp compaired to neuter scalp group. 3. There was no correlation between height, weight, thickness of hair, itching sense, scalp disease and Sasang constitution. 4. There was correlation between loss of hair and drinking alcohol, obesity, curly hair, soft scalp. Conclusions ; Korean adult scalp and hair condition had correlation with Sasang constitution.