• Title/Summary/Keyword: LPE method

Search Result 39, Processing Time 0.04 seconds

A Study of the Mutual Substitution State of Sr, Ca in $Bi_2Sr_2-\chi_LCa_1+\chi_LCu_2O_{8+d}$ Films Prepared by LPE Method (LPE법으로 작성한 $Bi_2Sr_2-\chi_LCa_1+\chi_LCu_2O_{8+d}$ 막 (film)에서 Sr, Ca의 상호치환상태에 관한 연구)

  • Sin, Jae-Su;Ozaki, Hajime
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
    • /
    • v.8 no.10
    • /
    • pp.925-930
    • /
    • 1998
  • EPMA and XPS on $Bi_2Sr_2-\chi_LCa_1+\chi_LCu_2O_{8+d}$($\chi_L$ = 0.01, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6) films by LPE method were performed in order to investigate Sr and Ca distributions in SrO- and Ca-layers. It is found that $T_C^{zero}$ carrier concentration and lattice parameter c monotonically decreases with increasing $\chi_L$. Sr and Ca contents in Ca-layer change in proportion to that in melt. On the other hand, in SrO-layer, Ca content strongly depends on Sr content in that layer and not on Ca content in melt. Since deficiency in SrO-layer increases and $T_C^{zero}$ creases with $\chi_L$,t is found that the deficiencies of Sr and Ca atoms in the SrO-layer has a influence on reducing $T_C^{zero}$.

  • PDF

Sample Preparation for Quantitative Determination of Bisphenols in Canned Beverages Coated with Epoxy by RP-HPLC (RP-HPLC 에 의한 에폭시 통조림관 음료 중 비스페놀류의 분석을 위한 시료의 전처리)

  • Kang, Kyung-Mo;Lim, Heung-Youl;Shin, Hyo-Sun
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.32 no.5
    • /
    • pp.1029-1034
    • /
    • 2000
  • A suitable method of sample treatments to minimize the analytical interferences was presented in order to determine bisphenols [bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE), and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE)] in various canned beverages coated with epoxy resin by the reversephase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) equipped with a fluorescence detector and the gas chromatography with mass selective detection. The recovery test of bisphenols was performed using 1, 5, and 10 ${\mu}g/L$ bisphenols spiked beverages with the combined technique of the solid-phase extraction (SPE) and the liquid-phase extraction (LPE). Both BPA and BADGE showed quite adequate resolutions in HPLC-chromatograms. The recoveries of BPA obtained by LPE with diethyl ether were higher than those obtaind with methylene chloride on coffee, shikhye and fruit juice. For cola and tea, the recoveries of BPA obtaind by SPE were higher than those by LPE with diethyl ether. The recoveries of BADGE were less than those of BPA for all beverage samples treated by either SPE or LPE method. In survey of bisphenols for eighteen commercial canned beverage samples, BPA contents of coffee, cola, tea, shikhye, and fruit juice were in the range of $1.3{\sim}11.6,\;0.5{\sim}0.9,\;1.0{\sim}1.3,\;2.4{\sim}7.9$, and $3.0{\sim}3.4\;{\mu}g/L$, respectively, but there was no detection of BPA in beer sample.

  • PDF

Growth of Er : $LiNbO_{3}$ single crystal thin film with high crystal quality by LPE method

  • Tong-Ik Shin;Hyun Lee;Joong-Won Shur;Byungyou Hong;Dae-Ho Yoon
    • Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
    • /
    • v.9 no.3
    • /
    • pp.295-298
    • /
    • 1999
  • High quality of $Er_{2}O_{3}$ doped $LiNbO_{3}$ single crystal thin films were grown by the liquid phase epitaxial (LPE) method using $Er_{2}O_{3}$ doped at concentrations of 1,3, and 5 mol% respectively. After the growth of single crystal thin film, the crystallinity and the lattice mismatch along the c-axis between the film and the substrate was examined as a function of the variations of{{{{{Er}_{2}{O}_{3}}}}} dopant concentration using a X-ray double crystal technique. There was no lattice mismatch along the c-axis for the undoped film and those doped with 1 and 3 mol% of $Er_{2}O_{3}$. For 5 mol% of $Er_{2}O_{3}$ doped film, the lattice mismatch was $7.86{\times}10^{-4}$nm along the c-axis.

  • PDF

Object Based Image Compression Using QP (Quadratic Programming) Method (QP(Quadratic Programming) 방법을 이용한 객체단위의 영상압축 알고리즘)

  • 최유태;이상엽;곽대호;김시내;송문호
    • Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
    • /
    • 2000.11d
    • /
    • pp.175-178
    • /
    • 2000
  • The object level image compression is a useful technology for reducing the necessary data and manipulating individual objects. In this paper, we propose a new image object compression algorithm that uses the quadratic programming (QP) method to reduce the compressed data. The results indicate the superiority of the proposed QP based algorithm over the low pass extrapolation (LPE) method of MPEG-4.

  • PDF

The Growth of Magnetic DyBiIG by sol-gel Method (Sol-gel법에의한 BiDy-철 석류석의 합성)

  • Park, C.M.;Lee, S.H.;Kim, Seung-Hoon;Jang, Hee-Dong
    • Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
    • /
    • v.13 no.1
    • /
    • pp.36-40
    • /
    • 2003
  • We have grown D $y_{x}$B $i_{3-x}$F $e_{5}$ $O_{12}$ (x = 0.5,1.0, 1.5,2.0) magnetic garnet thin films upon $Al_2$O3i and GGG substrate using Pechini process. The annealing temperature to get single phase D $y_{x}$B $i_{3-x}$F $e_{5}$ $O_{12}$ garnet is dependent on substrate, i.e. the annealing temperature for GGG substrate il 5$0^{\circ}C$ lower than that for $Al_2$ $O_3$ substrate. The grains of garnet thin film grown on GGG (111) plane align along [111] direction, and in this case the hysteresis curve does not saturate up to H : 5000 Oe. We attribute this phenomenon to rotation magnetization process. The maximum amount of Bi substitution in polycrystalline D $y_{x}$B $i_{3-x}$F $e_{5}$ $O_{12}$ thin film prepared by Pechini process is restricted to 2.0 Bi atom/unit cell, and this value is less than that in single garnet crystall grown by LPE method.own by LPE method.ethod.

Pixel Reconstruction of Edge Boundary Block using Multi-Buffer (다중버퍼를 이용한 경계영역 블록의 화소 재조합)

  • 한병준;손창훈;김응성;이근영
    • Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
    • /
    • 1999.11a
    • /
    • pp.1117-1120
    • /
    • 1999
  • The main purpose of padding methods is to extend the boundary segments of arbitrarily shaped objects to a regular grid so that the common block based coding technique, such as 8${\times}$8 DCT, can be applied. In the conventional padding methods used in MPEG-4: LPE and zero padding, the main process is based on 8${\times}$8 blocks. On the contrary, we propose a new padding method based on pixel-by-pixel. The proposed method puts pixels into a multi-busier using the typical value of each boundary blocks and reproduces new boundary blocks. Simulation results show that the proposed method reduces the conventional padding method and improves the coding efficiency of the conventional padding method.

  • PDF

Object Boundary Block Coding Using Block Merging Method (블록 병합 기법을 이용한 객체 경계 부분 부호화)

  • 이희습;김정식;김정우;이근영
    • Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
    • /
    • 1999.11a
    • /
    • pp.577-580
    • /
    • 1999
  • Padding is a technique that enables applying conventional discrete cosine transform to encode boundary blocks of arbitrarily shaped objects by assigning imaginary values to the pixels that are not included in the object. Padding prevents the increase of high frequency DCT coefficients. However, in some boundary blocks, too many padded pixels are coded due to a small portion of object pixels. To reduce the number of padded pixels and to improve coding efficiency, we propose a block merging method for texture coding. The proposed mothed searches the shape information of boundary blocks and excludes the 4$\times$4 pixels of 8$\times$8 blocks if all the 4$\times$4 pixels are in the background region, and merges the remained 4$\times$4 pixels into new 8$\times$8 blocks. Experimental results show that our proposed method yields a rate-distortion gain about 0.5~1.6㏈ compared to conventional padding method, LPE

  • PDF

Reproducibility and Sample Size in High-Dimensional Data (고차원 자료의 재현성과 표본 수)

  • Seo, Won-Seok;Choi, Jee-A;Jeong, Hyeong-Chul;Cho, Hyung-Jun
    • The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
    • /
    • v.23 no.6
    • /
    • pp.1067-1080
    • /
    • 2010
  • A number of methods have been developed to determine sample sizes in clinical trial, and most clinical trial organizations determine sample sizes based on the methods. In contrast, determining sufficient sample sizes needed for experiments using microarray chips is unsatisfactory and not widely in use. In this paper, our objective is to provide a guideline in determining sample sizes, utilizing reproducibility of real microarray data. In the reproducibility comparison, five methods for discovering differential expression are used: Fold change, Two-sample t-test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, SAM, and LPE. In order to standardize gene expression values, both MAS5 and RMA methods are considered. According to the number of repetitions, the upper 20 and 100 gene accordances are also compared. In determining sample sizes, more realistic information can be added to the existing method because of our proposed approach.