• Title/Summary/Keyword: LOS criteria

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A Study on Enhancement Methods of Level of Service Analysis for Pedestrian Sidewalks (보행자도로 서비스 수준 분석방법 개선 연구)

  • Kim, Eungcheol;Choi, Eun Jin;Yang, Joo Young
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.29-39
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    • 2015
  • Currently, level of service(LOS) analysis methods for pedestrian sidewalks are provided in Korean Highway Capacity Manual(KHCM, 2013). However, conventional methods provided in the KHCM produce most of pedestrian sidewalks' LOS as level A, indicating that existing analysis methods are unable to reflect realistic pedestrian sidewalks' LOS. The objectives of this research are to identify the suitability of current LOS criteria and to propose improved LOS evaluation criteria and methods with pedestrian volume data carried out for 10,000 sites in 2009. This research proposes new criteria by using the qualitative definition of LOS proposed by Fruin and Hall, new standard Korean human scale and new criteria of pedestrian occupancy space. Application results of new criteria show that more realistic results can be achieved than the existing methods. It is expected that applying the newly developed criteria and methods can make planning, design and construction of pedestrian sidewalks more realistic and various.

Evaluation of Sidewalk Level of Service Considering Land Use Patterns (용도지역 특성을 고려한 보도 설계 서비스수준 평가방안)

  • Kim, Yong-Seok;Choe, Jae-Seong
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.25 no.2 s.95
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    • pp.83-93
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    • 2007
  • Pedestrians and vehicle users should be treated with equal importance in urban street design. However, current street design suggests that the design criteria for sidewalks is based on the functional hierarchy of the vehicles, therefore it is necessary to develop sidewalk design standards that give more weight to pedestrians rather than vehicles. For this, this study suggests that the level of service of pedestrians should be considered in the process of designing sidewalks. Currently, level of service (LOS) criteria for pedestrians in the Korean Highway Capacity Manual are based on pedestrian volume, but the volume of pedestrians is seldomly estimated in practice. So, the current LOS criteria has limitations in terms of practical use. Also, the study assumes that the pedestrian flow rate is hardly the dominant factor that could affect the LOS of pedestrians at most urban sidewalks. In this context, the study considers a new LOS for sidewalk design based on the comfort of pedestrians while passing pedestrians coming from the opposite direction. Then the study attempts to link the new LOS criteria to the land use patterns using data of pedestrian traffic characteristics acquired from the field. In addition to this, the scope in which the suggested criteria can be applied is suggested.

A Study of Level of Service Criteria for Roundabouts (회전교차로의 서비스수준 기준 정립 연구)

  • Kim, Eung-Cheol;Ji, Min-Gyeong
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.7-16
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    • 2009
  • Korea Highway Capacity Manual (2001) proposes only LOS(Level of Service) analysis method on non-control and two-way-stop intersections, not dealing with the analysis method on LOS for roundabouts, nor even including the term 'roundabout'. This study selects proper MOEs for roundabouts and criteria the LOS through simulation analysis. To attain this goal, the authors reviewed the methods to select proper MOEs in the first step, criteria the Los. For this study, the MOEs were chosen from existing literature, and used for the criteria. The MOEs to be applied to roundabouts in this research were entry traffic volume, v/c (volume/capacity) ratio, and average vehicle delays. The results showed that the maximum entry traffic volume(LOS F) at local one-lane roundabout was analyzed to be 1,700pcph and average vehicle delay 18 seconds LOS A was analyzed as 700pcph and average vehicle delay 3 seconds and v/c 0.41 in this case Maximum entry traffic volume(LOS F) at local area 2 lane roundabouts was analyzed as 2,900pcph and their average vehicle delay as 31 seconds LOS A was analyzed to be 1.500pcph and average vehicle delay 8 seconds, v/c 0.52.

LOS Evaluation of Urban Freeway by the Occupancy Characteristics (점유율 특성을 이용한 도시고속도로의 서비스수준(LOS) 평가에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Tae gon;Moon, Byoung Keun;Jo, In Kook;Jung, Yu Na
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.29 no.3D
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    • pp.335-345
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    • 2009
  • Generally, density is used as a measure of effectiveness (MOE) of the level of service (LOS) for the basic segment of the roadway facility, but can not express the operational condition of the roadway facility properly because there can be an error in the computed density compared with the density measured in the field. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the real-time traffic characteristic data (traffic flow, speed, occupancy, headway, spacing, etc.) from the detectors installed on the mainline section of urban freeway under the study, analyze the maximum flow rate from the relationship between the real-time traffic characteristics collected, and evaluate the LOS criteria within the basic segment of the urban freeway based on the relationship between the occupancy and the v/c ratio depending on the level of service.

Design Criteria of Traffic Island Considering Pedestrian LOS (보행자 서비스 수준을 고려한 교통섬 설계기준 연구)

  • Park, Byung Ho;Beak, Tae Hun;Jung, Yong Il
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.30 no.5
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    • pp.23-31
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    • 2012
  • The objective of this study is to develop the design criteria of traffic island considering pedestrian level of service (LOS). In pursuing the above, this study gives particular emphasis to suggesting the minimum design space of traffic island in order to maintain pedestrian LOS C and D, and the critical pedestrian traffic volume that reflects the intersection geometry (2 lanes per direction) through the simulation analysis. The main results are as follows. First, the spaces of 160 traffic islands, which meet the pedestrian LOS C and D and reflects the pedestrian traffic volume by signal cycle, are drawn by using a commercial simulator VISSIM. The relevant spaces of traffic island in terms of both the pedestrian LOS and the pedestrian traffic volume are evaluated to range from $3.0m^2$ to $41m^2$. Second, the critical pedestrian traffic volume for the operation of traffic island is evaluated to be 1,000-1,300 person/hour at LOS C and 1,600-1,800 person/hour at LOS D, respectively, when a cycle of 120-150 seconds were applied to a intersection with two lanes per direction.

Four Cases of Late-Onset Schizophrenia (만발성 정신분열증 4례)

  • Park, Jong Deuk;Yoon, Doh Joon
    • Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.295-300
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    • 1995
  • Late-onset schizophrenia(LOS) is a controversial entity. It has been thought that onset of schizophrenia is limited to early adulthood, but many European psychiatrists have reported on the occurrence of schizophrenia in late life. DSM-III restricted the diagnosis of schizophrenia to patients with onset of illness before age 45 years. But, DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, and ICD-10 recognize no upper limit to the age at onset of schizophrenia. Patients with LOS have more visual, tactile, and olfactory hallucinations. Patients with LOS have more persecutory delusions, premorbid schizoid personality traits, and less affective blunting. The course of illness was favorable in LOS. We present four cases of LOS. Their detailed clinical features are reported hear with brief review.

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A Study of Walkway Level of service reckon with Pedestrian Characteristic on Complex-transit center (복합환승센터 인근 보행자도로의 시간대별 보행특성을 고려한 서비스수준에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Gwang-Seon;Choe, Byeong-Mu;Geum, Gi-Jeong
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.7-15
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    • 2010
  • The walkway level of service (LOS) is conceptualized using pedestrian flow rate, speed, and density according to the Korean Highway Capacity Manual (KHCM). However, as it is based on the data of commuters at peak hours, it needs to be reevaluated considering various trip purposes and a pleasant pedestrian environment. Thus, the authors aimed to investigate and analyze the characteristics of each group: pedestrians during the peak hour and those during the non-peak hour. Then they were verified statistically for the walkway evaluation criteria. In this study, the authors investigated pedestrian speed and flow in a complex transit center walkway with diverse trip purposes by peak and non-peak hour. Then the authors statistically verified the differences between the groups. A model was built for estimating pedestrian density by speed and flow; it was used to calculate the walkway capacity (67.3p/m/m) corresponding to LOS E. The authors established new criteria for LOS, applying the LOS from the HCM. These standards can then be used as the design standards for pedestrian walkways.

A study on a new Level of Service (LOS) for a pedestrian facility in a transportation transfer center (대도시권 대중교통 환승센터의 이동편의시설 서비스수준에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Sung-Eun;Kim, Si-Gon;Jang, Byung-Man
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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    • 2007.11a
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    • pp.1768-1776
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    • 2007
  • This paper suggests a new Level of Service (LOS) for a pedestrian facility in a transportation transfer center. They include the road, stair, and waiting place for a pedestrian. A current situation of several pedestrian facility was surveyed for the existing transportation transfer center at both Seoul and Pusan metropolitan cities. A new LOS was developed based on the output according to foreign criteria as well as an interview of pedestrians for their satisfaction.

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Estimating Position of Mobiles by Multi-Criteria Decision Making (다기준 의사 결정을 이용한 이동체 위치 추정)

  • Kim, Jung-Eun;Kang, Il-Go;Lee, Jong-Chan;Lee, Yang-Weon;Oh, Jae-Chul
    • Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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    • v.6 no.5
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    • pp.167-175
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    • 2005
  • In the microcell or picocell-based system the frequent movements of mobiles bring about excessive traffics Into the networks. A mobile location estimation mechanism can facilitate both efficient resource allocation and better QoS provisioning through handoff optimization. Existing location estimation schemes consider only LOS model and have poor performance in presence of multi-path and shadowing. In this paper we study multi-criteria decision making which can increase estimation accuracy by considering other multiple decision parameters than the received signal strength.

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Development of the Bicycle Level of Service Model from the User's Perspective (이용자 중심의 자전거도로 서비스수준 모형 개발)

  • Gang, Gyeong-U;Lee, Gyeo-Ra
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.75-84
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    • 2010
  • South Korea is seeking for a solution to the problems of traffic congestion and environment: the increase of bicycle use. However many people feel that using a bicycle is inconvenient. Therefore, we developed bicycle level of service model from the user's perspective so that the existing bicycle roads can be evaluated and improved. The purpose of this paper is to develop a bicycle level of service (LOS) model by considering user's satisfaction and multiple factors that affect bicycle LOS. Bicycle LOS criteria is estimated by applying an ordered probit model, which is suitable for research relating to choice. In addition, we determine the bicycle LOS using three-level(A-C) LOS structure from the user position considering the satisfaction level that people can distinguish clearly. The results show that the bicycle LOS is largely determined by the bicycle road width. Other factors are involved as well, including bicycle road type, the number of access and egress point on the bicycle road corridor, pedestrian volume, and frequency of meetings.