• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.302-306
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• 1999

The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of the quinoxaline 4-oxide 10 with 2-chloroacrylonitrile gave the 2,3-dihydro-lH-1,2-diazepino[3,4-blquinoxalines lla, b, respectively, which were converted into the 2,3,4,6-tetrahydro-lH-l,2-diazepino[3,4-b]quinoxaline 12. The reaction of compound lla with selenium dioxide in acetic acid/water resulted in ring transformation to give the 1,4-dihydro-4-oxopyridazino[3,4-blquinoxaline 13.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.07b
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• pp.739-742
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• 2000

In this paper, we evaluate the throughput and delay performance of a wireless Local Area Network(WLAN) employing the OFDM-based IEEE 802.lla Medium Access Control(MAC) protocol by compute. simulations under wireless indoor. channel. Packet Error Rate(PER) is also investigated for the various Eb/No. It is shown that, with soft-decision Viterbi decoder, throughput and delay performance are close to those of error-free channel at Eb/No above 8dB and PER is about 2${\times}$10$\^$-5/ at Eb/No=10dB.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.235-242
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• 2000

A feeding trial was carried out effect of supplemental Lactobacillus on productivity, egg quality and intestinal microflora in 320 21 weeks - old laying hens for 12 week. Supplemented Lactobacillus strains were Lactobacillus amylovorus LLA7(LA), Lactobacillus crispatus LLA9(LC) and Lactobacillus vaginalis LLA11(LV). Three strains mixed to basal diet which containing 2,800㎉/kg ME, 16% CP with none, LA, LC, LV, LA+LC, LA+LV, LC+LV and LC+LC+LV. Supplemental level was 10(sup)7 cfu/g diet. Egg production was tended to increase with adding Lactobacilus, but not difference significantly. Average egg weight was heavier in adding Lactobacillrs compared to the none, and heaviest in LA+LV, LC+LV(P〈0.05). In periodic observation, the gap of egg weight with adding Lactobacillus or not was severe persisting laying periods. The diet containg MC or LV was better than LA, which means the difference by Lactobacillus strains for egg weight. Daily egg mass also increased in adding Lactobacillus about 1.1 to 2.3 g/hen, but not difference significantly. Feed intake and feed conversion were not difference regardless Lactobacillus strains and laying periods. Haugh unit improved with adding Lactobacillus. Cecal Lactobacillus spp. was increased with adding Lactobacillus(P〈0.05), didn't observed E. coli depression. In summary, supplemental Lactobacillus could improve for egg production, egg weight, egg mass and egg white. And those of effect expect much beneficial with mixing Lactobacillus which established well as single strain.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.195-202
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• 2013

Objectives This study was designed to investigate the correlation between the forward head posture and the spinal alignment. Methods We examined the whole spine x-rays of the 144 student sample. We measured the Craniovertebral angle (CVA), Cervical angle (CA), Thoracic kyphotic angle (TKA), lumbar lordosis angle (LLA) and Ferguson's angle (FA) of the students. We then analyzed the relationship between these angles. Results CVA had correlation with CA, but it was weak. There was significant correlation between CVA and TKA. There were no significant correlation among CVA, LLA and FA. Conclusions According to above results, there is a negative relationship between the CVA and the TKA - in that higher CVAs yielded lower TKAs. But CVA had no significant correlation with LLA or FA.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.509-518
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• 2008

This experiment was conducted to investigate enzyme activity, antimicrobial activity, and antibiotics susceptibility of Lactobacilli strain(Lactobacillus reuteri BLA5, Lactobacillus crispatus BLA7, Lactobacillus reuteri BLA9, Lactobacillus amylovorus LLA7, Lactobacillus crispatus LLA9, Lactobacillus vaginalis LLA11) isolated from chicken ceca and were selected by organic acid synthesis, acid tolerance, bile salt tolerance. The enzymes activities were different among strains of Lactobacilli. The amylase activity and lipase activity of Lactobacillus were high but cellulase activity and protease activity of that were low. Lactobacillus culture showed high antimicrobial activity against E. coli but low antimicrobial activity against Salmonella. The inhibitory factor of Lactobacilli isolated from chickens’ cecum on E. coli was low pH by organic acid. All of Lactobacillus isolated from chicken’s cecum were susceptible to ampicillin and amoxicillin but weren’t susceptible at the optimum level of feed additive antibiotics(virginiamycin and salinomycin).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.609-615
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• 2005

The safety and immunogenicity of an attenuated recombinant Salmonella vaccine strain, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium llaB, was assessed. This vaccine strain could survive in low pH condition, and its ability of intracellular survival did not differ from that of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium UK1, which is the wild-type of the vaccine strain. The mortality of the mice orally administered with the vaccine strain was $50\%$ at the dose of $10^7$ CFU. All mice administered with $10^5\;or\;10^3$ CFU of the vaccine strain survived for 3 days postinoculation (pi). However, all mice administered with more than $10^3$ CFU of the vaccine strain died within 3 days pi. To examine the protective effect of the vaccine strain, mice were orally immunized with $10^4\;and\;10^6$ CFU of the bacteria. Control mice were given with 0.5 ml of phosphate buffered saline (PBS). After 8 days, the mice were challenged with $10^9$ CFU of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium UK1, and mortality was examined for 5 days. The survival rates of the mice immunized with $10^4\;and\;10^6$ CFU of the vaccine strain were $60\%\;and\;80\%$, respectively, whereas all control mice died within 2 days after challenging. To investigate the immunogenicity of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium llaB, mice were orally immunized with $10^5\;or\;10^6$ CFU ml of the vaccine strain. Five mice of each group were sacrificed at 5 and 12 days after immunization, and results showed that immunization of the vaccine strain led to increases of IgG1, IgG2, and IgM titers against S. enterica serovar Typhimurium UK1 in mouse sera, cytokine expressions such as IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 in spleen, and the lymphocyte proliferation response to mitogens (concanavalin A or LPS) stimulation.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.121-124
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• 2002

The IEEE 802.lla PLCP H/W for Processing efficiently control message between MAC and PHY is designed. Slate machine and clock control according to rate is designed and timing diagram is verified on the FPGA simulation environment.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.173-180
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• 2018

Purpose: This study examined the effects of sling exercise therapy on vertebral alignment, VAS, muscle activity, and multifidus of patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: Simple random sampling was used to divide the patients (n=116) into the sling exercise therapy group (SETG) and conservative physical therapy group (CPTG), with each group provided a intervention program in 3 sessions a week for 12 weeks. The lumbar lordosis angle (LLA), lumbar intervertebral disc angle (LIVDA) for vertebral alignment, lumbar muscle activity, and multifidus atrophy were measured before and after the intervention. Results: SETG showed significant changes in LLA, LIVDA of rate of change (delta score), and in relieving pain. The right-left balance gap for the lumbar dynamic muscle activity decreased after the intervention. The SETG showed significant changes in the grade of lumbar multifidus atrophy. Conclusion: The sling exercise therapy program is an effective exercise therapy method on vertebral alignment, muscle activity, recovery from multifidus atrophy, and pain relief for patients with chronic low back pain.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2010

Objectives : The authors aimed to determine the presence of relationships between cervical pain and cervical curvature, lumbar curvature, sacral slope and sagittal spinal balance. Methods : Medical records of outpatients who made their first visits to the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion in the Spine center at Kyung Hee East-West Neo Medical Center between September 1, 2008 and October 31, 2009 were evaluated. A total of 50 patients visiting within the time period had visited with a chief complaint of cervical pain, and had lateral entire spine X-rays taken. After excluding patients with previous spine operations, 46 patients were selected for the final analysis. The cervical lordotic angle(CLA), lumbar lordotic angle(LLA), Ferguson's angle(FA), and sagittal vertical axis(SVA) were measured on the lateral entire spine X-ray cuts, and the relationships between these values and patient gender, age, chief complaint, and duration of symptoms were assessed. Results : No significant difference was found in relationships between gender and measured values. SVA showed statistically significant correlation between age, but CLA, LLA, and FA was not. There was a significant difference in SVA between patients with only cervical pain and those with both cervical pain and low back pain. Patients with a duration of symptoms longer than 6 months showed a statistically significant difference in SVA with those who had shorter symptoms. Correlation analysis between measured values was statistically significant only between LLA and FA. Conclusions : Evaluation and treatment of sagittal imbalance should be considered in patients presenting with cervical pain if symptoms have persisted for over 6 months or have accompanying low back pain.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.471-480
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• 2019

L-spine 3~4, L-spine 4~5, and L-spine 5~Sacrum 1 intervertebral disc(IVD) angle according to gender, age, body mass index(BMI), lumbar lordosis angle(LLA) were compared and analyzed. The anteriorposterior incidence angle of L-spine 3 ~ 4, L-spine 4 ~ 5 and L-spine 5~Sacrum 1 in body mass index were 5.66, 13.23 and 29.13 degrees in the head direction and L-spine 3 4, L-spine 4 ~ 5, L-spine 5~Sacrum 1 had 6.32 degrees, 16.09 degrees and 35.36 degrees in the head direction. The distortion area ratio comparison was performed with the phantom image using the proposed incidence angle. There was a significant difference in L-spine 4~5 and L-spine 5~Sacrum 1 IVD angle relative to body mass index and LLA(p<0.05), IVD angle and LLA were positively correlated(p<0.05).As a result of evaluating the usefulness of the image by applying the incidence angles of the disc angles according to the phantom angle of deviation to the head direction as 11 degrees for L4 and 26 degrees for L5, the distortion ratio area decreased from 14.90% to 12.11% in L4, And from 15.25% to 13.72% in L5. In anteriorposterior image of the Lumbar spine applying the incidence angle according to the measured disc angle, it is possible to reduce the distortion to purpose L4, L5. And improved the quality and diagnostic information of the target site.