• 한국진공학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.230-234
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• 2002

고온 급속 열처리를 행한 $LiNbO_3Si$/(100) 구조를 가지고 여러 가지 전극을 사용하여 금속/강유전체/반도체 커패시터를 제작하였으며, 제작한 커패시터의 비휘발성 메모리 응용 가능성을 확인하였다. MFS 커패시터의 C-V 특성 곡선에서는 LiNbO$_3$박막의 강유전성으로 인한 히스테리시스 특성이 관측되었으며, 1 MHz C-V 특성 곡선의 축적 영역에서 산출한 비유전율은 약 25 이었다. Pt 전극을 사용하여 제작한 커패시터에서는 인가 전계 500 kV/cm 범위에서 $1\times10^{-8}$ A/cm 이하의 우수한 누설전류 특성이 나타났다. midgap 부근에서의 계면 준위 밀도는 약 $10^{11}\textrm{cm}^2$.eV 이었으며, 잔류분극 값은 약 1.2 $\muC/\textrm{cm}^2$ 였다. Pt 전극과 A1 전극 모두 500 kHz 주파수의 바이폴러 펄스를 인가하면서 측정한 피로 특성에서 $10^{10}$ cycle 까지 측정된 잔류 분극 값이 초기 값과 같았다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.1664-1673
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• 2016

Lithium rechargeable cells are used in many industrial applications, because they have high energy density and high power density. For an effective use of these lithium cells, it is essential to build a reliable battery management system (BMS). Therefore, the state of charge (SOC) estimation is one of the most important techniques used in the BMS. An appropriate modeling of the battery characteristics and an accurate algorithm to correct the modeling errors in accordance with the simplified model are required for practical SOC estimation. In order to implement these issues, this approach presents the comparative analysis of the SOC estimation performance using equivalent electrical circuit modeling (EECM) and noise suppression technique (NST) in three representative $LiCoO_2/LiFePO_4/LiNiMnCoO_2$ cells extensively applied in electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and energy storage system (ESS) applications. Depending on the difference between some EECMs according to the number of RC-ladders and NST, the SOC estimation performances based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm are compared. Additionally, in order to increase the accuracy of the EECM of the $LiFePO_4$ cell, a minor loop trajectory for proper OCV parameterization is applied to the SOC estimation for the comparison of the performances among the compared to SOC estimation performance.

• 센서학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.371-377
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• 2002

$Y_2O_3:Eu^{3+}$ and Li-doped $Y_2O_3:Eu^{3+}$ thin films have been grown on sapphire substrates using a pulsed laser deposition technique. The thin film phosphors were deposited at a substrate temperature of $600^{\circ}C$ under the oxygen pressure of 100, 200 and 300 mTorr. The films grown under different deposition conditions have been characterized using microstructural and luminescent measurements. The crystallinity and photoluminescence (PL) of the films are highly dependent on the oxygen pressure. The PL brightness data obtained from $Y_2O_3:Eu^{3+}$ films grown under optimized conditions have indicated that sapphire is one of the most promising substrate for the growth of high quality $Y_2O_3:Eu^{3+}$ thin film red phosphor. In particular, the incorporation of $Li^{+}$ ions into $Y_2O_3$ lattice could induce a remarkable increase of PL. The highest emission intensity was observed with LiF-doped $Y_{1.84}Li_{0.08}Eu_{0.08}O_3(Y_2O_3LiEu)$, whose brightness was increased by a factor of 2.7 in comparison with that of $Y_2O_3:Eu^{3+}$ films. This phosphor may promise for application to the flat panel displays.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.905-910
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• 2011

To study encapsulation method for large-area organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), red emitting OLEDs were fabricated, on which LiF and Al were deposited as inorganic protective films. And then the OLED was attached to flat glass by printing method using epoxy. In case of direct coating of epoxy onto OLED by printing method, luminance and current efficiency were remarkably decreased because of the damage to the OLED by epoxy. In case of depositing LiF and Al as inorganic protective films and then coating of epoxy onto OLED, luminance and current efficiency were not changed. OLED lifetime was more increased through inorganic protective films between OLED and flat glass than that without any encapsulation (8.8 h), i.e., 47 (LiF/Al/epoxy/glass), 62 (LiF/Al/LiF/epoxy/glass), and 84 h (LiF/Al/Al/epoxy/glass). The characteristics of OLED encapsulated with inorganic protective films (attached to flat glass) showed the possibility of application of protective films.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2004

ZORA-DFT calculations of $^{11}$B EFG (electric field gradient) tensors for lithium borates, LiB$_3O_5$ (LBO) and Li$_2B_4O_7$ (LTB), were performed. The calculated values of 11B quadrupole coupling constant and asymmetry parameter are in good agreement with the experimental values. The sign of the quadrupole coupling constant for the tetrahedral boron site was deduced from the distortion from the ideal tetrahedral symmetry.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.345-352
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• 2022

최근의 LiDAR(Light Detection And Ranging) 센서는 실시간으로 주변에 있는 물체를 스캔하는 데 사용된다. LiDAR 센서를 이용하여 주변 환경을 스캔할 경우 감지되었던 사물들에 대한 변화를 감지하고 실시간으로 움직이는 물체를 인식할 수 있다. 센서들의 제작 비용이 낮아지면서 LiDAR는 중요시설의 경계, 스마트시티, 자율주행차 등 다양한 산업 분야에서 다양하게 활용되고 있다. 이러한 LiDAR 데이터는 실시간에 사물을 스캔하는 만큼 입력 데이터의 크기가 크다. 따라서 이러한 LiDAR를 활용하는 시스템에서는 이러한 대용량 데이터의 실시간 처리가 병목이 될 수 있어서 이러한 대용량 처리에 대한 대안이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 엣지 컴퓨팅 서버를 이용하여 방대한 포인트 클라우드를 압축하여 빠르게 처리하는 엣지 컴퓨팅 기법을 제안한다. LiDAR 센서의 레이저의 반사 범위가 제한되어 있으므로 실시간으로 넓은 영역을 스캔하기 위해서는 여러 대의 라이다를 사용해야 한다. 따라서 실시간으로 물체를 감지하거나 인식하기 위해서는 여러 개의 LiDAR 센서에 대한 데이터를 한 번에 처리해야 한다. 에지 컴퓨터는 데이터 가속을 수행하기 위해 포인트 클라우드를 효율적으로 압축하고 모든 데이터를 메인 클라우드에서 실시간에 압축해제하여 사용할 수 있도록 설계되었다. 이를 통해 사용자는 시스템을 중앙에서 병목 없이 실시간에 LiDAR 센서들을 제어할 수 있다. 실험에 사용된 시스템은 이러한 엣지 컴퓨팅 서비스를 적용함으로써 기존 클라우드 기반 방식에서 문제였던 데이터 병목 현상을 효과적으로 해결하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.3952-3958
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• 2011

The effect of sintering temperature on the electrochemical property of $LiMn_2O_4$ was investigated. Results showed that the particle size was increased at higher sintering temperatures while the initial capacity was decreased after high temperature sintering. Capacity fading, on the other hand, was suppressed at lower sintering temperatures since the sintering at higher temperatures (${\geq}800^{\circ}C$) increased the Mn ions with a lower oxidation state ($Mn^{+3}$), which induced structural instability during cycling due to dissolution of Mn ions into the electrolyte. In particular, $LiMn_2O_4$ sintered above $830^{\circ}C$ showed severe capacity fading (capacity loss was 38% of initial capacity) by lower coulombic efficiency due to the abnormally increased particle size.

• 음성과학
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.47-64
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• 2003

In the present study, the production of grammatical morphemes of Korean-speaking children with and without developmental language impairments was investigated. Ten children with language impairments (LI) (CA: 4; 4-6; 11, LA: 3; .6-5; 10) and 10 normal children (CA: 3;1-6;3, LA: 3;5-5;11) with matched language abilities participated in the study. Sixty pairs of pictures were used to elicit 12 types of predetermined grammatical morphemes. The two pictures of a pair were designed to elicit two sentences of the same sentence structure. After the investigator described one picture of a pair, the children were asked to describe the other picture. The LI children made more errors than the normal children in the production of 6 types of grammatical morphemes including: locative case marker, dative case marker, two connective endings of predicates representing cause and goal, and suffixes for passive and causative verbs. However, the LI children produced some grammatical morphemes as accurately as. the normal children. The two groups were similar in their error patterns. Some explanations for Korean-speaking LI children's use of grammatical morphemes were suggested.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권11호
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• pp.3896-3915
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• 2014

The Reverse k Nearest Neighbor (RkNN) query is valuable for finding objects influenced by a specific object and is widely used in both scientific and commercial systems. However, the influence level of each object is unknown, information that is critical for some applications (e.g. target marketing). In this paper, we propose a new query type, Ordered Reverse k Nearest Neighbor (ORkNN), and make efforts to adapt it in an on-demand scenario. An Order-k Voronoi diagram based approach is used to answer ORkNN queries. In particular, for different values of k, we pre-construct only one Voronoi diagram. Algorithms on both the server and the clients are presented. We also present experimental results that suggest our proposed algorithms may have practical applications.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.994-1000
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• 2003

In this study, gel polymer electrolytes (GPE) with semi-interpenerating network of poly (methyl methacrylate) and hexanediol dimethacrylate were synthesized and their electrochemical performances were evaluated. LiCoO$_2$/GPE/graphite cells were prepared and their performances depending on discharge currents and temperatures were evaluated. The precursor containing 5 vol% curable mixture had a low viscosity relatively. GPE showed good electrochemical stability up to potential of 4.8 V vs. Li/Li$\^$+/. Ionic conductivity of the gel polymer electrolyte at room temperature and -20$^{\circ}C$ was ca. 5.9 and 1.4${\times}$10$\^$-3/ Scm$\^$-1/, respectively. LiCoO$_2$/GPE/graphite cells showed good rate capability, low-temperature performance and cycleability.