• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.99-110
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• 2006

The current study aims at the design of GIS-based systematic and quantitative standards for development available land forms, precluding any planners' subjective manipulation of those irregular lands. More specifically, first, as the elements of land form standards, both LFI (Land Form Index) and ARCI (Adjusted Related Circumscribing Circle Index) are proposed. Second, through the sample survey of ready-developed residential areas, standard minimum and maximum values for LFI and ARCI were extracted. Third, through the application of those standardized ranges of LFI and ARCI values, actual land form standardization process was performed for the lands with LFI and ARCI indices, falling below the range of standardized values. The significance of the current study lies within the objective proof of the possibility of GIS-supported land form standards applications to actual cases, through the introduction of LFI and ARCI as land form standard indices.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.501-512
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• 2015

Landfast sea ice (LFI) in Terra Nova Bay, East Antarctica where the Jangbogo Antarctic Research Station is located, has significant influences on marine ecosystem and the sailing of an icebreaker. Therefore, it is essential to analyze the spatio-temporal variation of the LFI in Terra Nova Bay. In this study, we chose interferometric pairs with the temporal baseline from 1 to 9 days out of a total of 62 COSMO-SkyMed synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images over Terra Nova Bay obtained from December 2010 to January 2012, and then constructed the coherence image of each pair. The LFI showed coherence values higher than 0.3 even in the interferometric SAR (InSAR) pairs of up to 9-days of temporal baseline. This was because the LFI was fixed at coastline and thus showed low temporal phase decorrelation. Based on the characteristics of the coherence on LFI, We defined the areas of LFI that show spatially homogeneous coherence values higher than 0.5. Pack ice (PI) and open water showed low coherence values due to large temporal phase decorreation caused by current and wind. Distinguishing PI from open water in the coherence images was difficult due to their similarly low coherence values. PI was identified in SAR amplitude images by investigating cracks on the ice. The extents of the LFI and PI were estimated from the coherence and SAR amplitude images and their temporal variations were analyzed. The extent of the LFI increased from March to July (maximum extent of $170.7km^2$) and decreased from October. The extent of the PI increased from February to May and decreased from May to July when the LFI increases dramatically. The extent of the LFI and air temperature showed an inverse correlation with a time lag of about 2 months, i.e., the extent of the LFI decreases after 2 months of the increase in the air temperature. Meanwhile the correlation between wind speed and the extent of the LFI was very low. This represents that the extent of LFI in Terra Nova Bay are influenced more by the air temperature than wind speed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.271-280
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• 2005

Objective : The aim of this study is to evaluate internal reliability and correlation among assessment instruments of knee OA. Methods : Data were obtained from 85 patients with knee OA. They were asked to answer VAS pain scale, two disease-specific questionnaires (WOMAC and LFI) and one instrument about health-related quality(KHAQ). Reliability was assessed using cronbach`s alpha. Correlation was assessed by examining the pearson`s correlation coefficients. Results : Cronbach`s alpha of all Index except WOMAC stiffness subscale.(6679) exceeded the value of 0.70. A good correlation was obtained between WOMAC Subscales (especially Pain Subscale) and LFI (.726

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.27-38
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the therapeutic effect of oriental medical treatment on Hemophilic arthropathy. Methods: The patient was treated by Herb medicine, Acupuncture, Moxibustion, and Cupping. As a result, improvement in the ROM of joints was shown. ROM(Range of motion), Lequesne's functional index(LFI), WOMAC index and Visual analogue scale(VAS) were used to measure the progression. Results The ROM, LFI, WOMAC index and VAS were evaluated during admission. All scales improved; ROM of knee joint : $60^{\circ}$($105^{\circ}$ to $165^{\circ}$), ROM of ankle joint : $40^{\circ}$($20^{\circ}$ to $60^{\circ}$), LFI : 15 to 4, WOMAC index : 55 to 12 and VAS : 5.0 to 1.0. We also improved the patient's symptoms with oriental medical treatment. Conclusions: According to the results, oriental medical treatment is considered to be effective on Hemophilic arthropathy and further study is needed.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.665-672
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• 2022

Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) is one of economically important viruses that cause significant losses of orchids in the world. In the present study, a reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) assay combined with a lateral flow immunostrip (LFI) assay was developed for the detection of CymMV in orchid plants. A pair of primers containing fluorescent probes at each terminus that amplifies highly specifically a part of the coat protein gene of CymMV was determined for RT-RPA assay. The RT-RPA assay involved incubation at an isothermal temperature (39℃) and could be performed rapidly within 30 min. In addition, no cross-reactivity was observed to occur with odontoglossum ringspot virus and cymbidium chlorotic mosaic virus. The RT-RPA with LFI assay (RT-RPA-LFI) for CymMV showed 100 times more sensitivity than conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Furthermore, the RT-PCR-LFI assay demonstrated the simplicity and the rapidity of CymMV detection since the assay did not require any equipment, by comparing results with those of conventional RT-PCR. On-site application of the RT-RPA-LFI assay was validated for the detection of CymMV in field-collected orchids, indicating a simple, rapid, sensitive, and reliable method for detecting CymMV in orchids.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.242-253
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• 2008

It is a common clinical practice to recommend taking iron supplements for pregnant women during gestation. Although it is required to ensure adequate iron stores during pregnancy, there has been some debate over the interference effects of excessive iron load, because it is possible to compete in the transport in the intestine and placenta and in binding to serum proteins of other trace minerals. In this study, maternal and neonatal serum concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, Se, Cr, Mn, and Co were assessed along with maternal Fe intakes. A total of 124 pregnant women and their term neonates participated voluntarily in this research. The women were divided into one of the three groups {high Fe intake (HFI), median Fe intake (MFI), and low Fe intake (LFI)} by their total Fe intakes and one of the two groups (Anemic and Normal) by their Fe nutritional status. All the data were compared among the three groups and between the two groups also. Total Fe intakes of HFI, MFI, and LFI groups were 140.8 ${\pm}$ 76.1, 68.0 ${\pm}$ 11.2, and 30.2 ${\pm}$ 8.6 mg/day, respectively. Those of Anemic and Normal groups were 90.1 ${\pm}$ 74.8 and 86.6 ${\pm}$ 46.8 mg/day, respectively. Maternal Hb concentration and Hct were not significantly different among HFI, MFI, and LFI groups but those were significantly different between Anemic and Normal groups. However, neonatal Hb concentration was not significantly different among HFI, MFI, and LFI groups and between Anemic and Normal groups either. Maternal serum Fe concentrations of the three groups, HFI, MFI, and LFI, were similar but that of Anemic group was significantly lower compared to Normal group. However, there was no significant difference in neonatal serum Fe concentrations among the three groups and between the two groups either. Serum concentrations of the other trace minerals in both mothers and neonates were not significantly different among HFI, MFI, and LFI groups and between Anemic and Normal groups. In addition, in the maternal serum, Fe concentration was positively correlated to Zn and Se concentration, respectively. As for the neonatal serum, Fe concentration showed a positive correlation to Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, and Co concentration, respectively. No trace mineral concentration was found to correlate negatively to Fe concentration in both maternal and neonatal serum, The results in this study indicate that Fe intakes of pregnant women, even if it is considerably above the level of estimated average requirement (EAR), may not affect serum Fe concentration in both mothers and neonates. In addition it might not influence adversely on the availability of other trace minerals including Zn and Cu in both mothers and neonates.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.43 no.8
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• pp.677-683
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• 2015

Hybrid rocket combustion displays low frequency instability(LFI, 10~30Hz) at a certain condition. Vortex shedding in the post-chamber is suspected to cause the occurrence of LFI. This study focused on the visualization of flow image using light emissions from high temperature combustion gas. Results shows that combustion pressure oscillates at a frequency of about 18 Hz, which is in phase with oscillations of light emission. Since LFI is not a property of thermo-acoustic instability, this result suggested there exists a physical coupling of pressure fluctuations with light emissions proportional to chemical reaction. Also POD analysis shows that dominant symmetric spatial modes in the stable combustion shift suddenly into asymmetric spatial pattern with the appearance of LFI. Especially, the appearance of mode 3 is a typical change of flow dynamics in unstable combustion representing a rotational fluid motions associated with vortex shedding.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.155-164
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• 2006

Objectives : The aim of this study is to validate the correlation between Assessment Instruments of Knee OA and digital infrared thermographic imaging(DITI) and to find out the methods to assess knee OA by DITI. Methods : 60 subjects were evaluated. They were asked to answer VAS pain scale, WOMAC, KHAQ and LFI. Correlation was assessed by examining the spearman's rank correlation coefficients. Results : VAS, WOMAC and LFI was correlated with not only the thermal difference between Ant. knee and Post. knee, but also the lowest temperature of Ant. knee. Conclusion: DITI value was useful for evaluating the degree of OA. And we should find out that decrease of pain is correlated with change of DITI value.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2006

Objectives: The aim of this syudy is to validate the between Assessment Instruments of Knee OA and digital infrared thermographic imaging(DITI) and to find out the methods to assess knee OA by DITI. Methods: 60 subjects were evaluated. They were asked to answer VAS pain scale, WOMAC, KHAQ and LFI. Correlation was assessed by examining the spearman's rank correlation coefficients. Results: VAS, WOMAC and LFI was correlated with not only the thermal difference between Ant. knee and Post. knee, but also the lowest temperature of Ant. knee. Conclusion: DITI value was useful for evaluating the degree of OA. And we should find out that decrease of pain is correlated with change of DITI value.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.602-610
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to measure the free flow of the unpolymerized resin by its weight for 10 minutes by one minute interval, and to measure the dimensional change of composite resins during the irradiation of visible light(Quich light VL-l Kuraray Japan) using visible leser displacement meter(LC-2210 Kerence Japan). The unpolymerized resin was cured by the visible light for 40 seconds, the dimensional change was measured at the begining of irradiation for 5 minutes. The results were as follows : 1. In free flow LFI was the largest, BLI was the smallest at $23^{\circ}C$ and CFP was the largest, and BL was the smallest at $37^{\circ}C$. 2. In dimensional change CFI, LFP, LEI and CFP was excessively contracted flow the begining of irradiation until 15 seconds but BLI and BL was excessively contracted until 30 seconds BL and BLI in dimensional change was much larger than LFI and CFP.